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Heliyon Jun 2024Hyperammonemia syndrome has a high mortality rate in the immunosuppressed population due to its association with mental status changes. Recently studies have shown that...
Hyperammonemia syndrome has a high mortality rate in the immunosuppressed population due to its association with mental status changes. Recently studies have shown that organisms' infection can lead to hyperammonemia in post-transplant patients. Symptoms typically occur within 30 days postoperatively. However, the late-onset hyperammonemia caused by infection after kidney transplantation has never been reported. In this case study, a 64-year-old Chinese male presented with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, trouble sleeping, and deteriorating mental status 81 days after kidney transplantation. His plasma ammonia level was significantly elevated, and there was no evidence of liver synthetic dysfunction. Although common methods for ammonia clearance, such as haemodialysis and oral lactulose were initiated, his serum ammonia levels remained high. Metagenomic sequencing of serum determined infection. Levofloxacin and minocycline were administered respectively, which resulted in a decrease in ammonia levels, but normalization was not achieved. The computed tomographic scan revealed the presence of cerebral edema. Unfortunately, the patient eventually became brain dead with multiple organ failure. This case highlights that can cause late-onset hyperammonemia in kidney transplant patients. Once the mental status changes are identified, immediate empiric treatments should be initiated without waiting for a confirmed diagnosis of spp. infection.
PubMed: 38912440
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32134 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulated bioactive compounds from lemongrass mixed dragon fruit peel pellet (MiEn-LEDRAGON)...
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microencapsulated bioactive compounds from lemongrass mixed dragon fruit peel pellet (MiEn-LEDRAGON) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradability, methane production, and the microbial diversity using in vitro gas production technique. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five levels of MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the total dry matter (DM) substrate. Supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 3 or 4% DM resulted in increased (p < 0.05) cumulative gas production at 96 hours (h) of incubation time, reaching up to 84.842 ml/ 0.5 g DM. Furthermore, supplementation with 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON resulted in higher in vitro nutrient degradability and ammonia-nitrogen concentration at 24 h of the incubation time when compared to the control group (without supplementation) by 5.401% and 11.268%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet led to an increase in the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes at 24 h and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens at 12 h, while decreasing the population of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Methanobacteriales (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation of MiEn-LEDRAGON in the diet at levels of 2 to 4% DM resulted in a higher total volatile fatty acids (VFA) at 24 h, reaching up to 73.021 mmol/L (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increased proportion of propionic acid (C3) and butyric acid (C4) at 12 h (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid (C2) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (C2:C3), along with a reduction of methane (CH) production by 11.694% when comparing to the 0% and 3% MiEn-LEDRAGON supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that supplementing MiEn-LEDRAGON at 3% of total DM substrate could be used as a feed additive rich in phytonutrients for ruminants.
Topics: Rumen; Fermentation; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Supplements; Methane; Animal Feed; Phytochemicals; Fatty Acids, Volatile
PubMed: 38910145
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59697-x -
Metagenomic insights into Heimdallarchaeia clades from the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent.Environmental Microbiome Jun 2024Heimdallarchaeia is a class of the Asgardarchaeota, are the most probable candidates for the archaeal protoeukaryote ancestor that have been identified to date. However,...
Heimdallarchaeia is a class of the Asgardarchaeota, are the most probable candidates for the archaeal protoeukaryote ancestor that have been identified to date. However, little is known about their life habits regardless of their ubiquitous distribution in diverse habitats, which is especially true for Heimdallarchaeia from deep-sea environments. In this study, we obtained 13 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Heimdallarchaeia from the deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent. These MAGs belonged to orders o_Heimdallarchaeales and o_JABLTI01, and most of them (9 MAGs) come from the family f_Heimdallarchaeaceae according to genome taxonomy database (GTDB). These are enriched for common eukaryote-specific signatures. Our results show that these Heimdallarchaeia have the metabolic potential to reduce sulfate (assimilatory) and nitrate (dissimilatory) to sulfide and ammonia, respectively, suggesting a previously unappreciated role in biogeochemical cycling. Furthermore, we find that they could perform both TCA and rTCA pathways coupled with pyruvate metabolism for energy conservation, fix CO and generate organic compounds through an atypical Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. In addition, many genes closely associated with bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, and oxygen-dependent metabolic pathways are identified in these Heimdallarchaeia MAGs, suggesting a potential light-utilization by pigments and microoxic lifestyle. Taken together, our results indicate that Heimdallarchaeia possess a mixotrophic lifestyle, which may give them more flexibility to adapt to the harsh deep-sea conditions.
PubMed: 38909236
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00585-2 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2024The effects of high (2.5% of DM) versus normal dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) intake on renal urea-N kinetics and urea-N metabolism were investigated in 9...
The effects of high (2.5% of DM) versus normal dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) intake on renal urea-N kinetics and urea-N metabolism were investigated in 9 rumen-cannulated and multi-catheterized lactating dairy cows in a crossover design with 21-d periods. It was hypothesized that urinary urea-N excretion would be greater, and blood urea-N concentration lower in response to greater diuresis induced by high NaCl intake. Also, urea-N transport across ruminal and portal drained viscera (PDV) tissues was hypothesized to be affected by dietary sodium intake. A second experiment was conducted using 8 lactating cows in a crossover design with 14-d periods to test high NaCl (2.5% of DM) versus high KCl (3.2% of DM) intake on milk yield and milk urea-N concentrations. Experiment 1 showed that despite greater diuresis there was no effect of high NaCl intake on urinary urea-N excretion or blood urea-N concentration. The high NaCl intake did not affect rumen ammonia concentrations, total rumen VFA concentrations, ruminal venous - arterial concentration differences for ammonia, or ammonia absorption indicating that high NaCl did not adversely affect ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. High NaCl intake did not affect the total amount of urea-N transport from blood to gut, but ruminal venous - arterial concentration differences for urea-N were lower with high NaCl and ruminal extraction of arterial urea-N was numerically smaller, indicating that the ruminal epithelial urea-N transport was lower with high NaCl. Energy corrected milk yield was greater with high NaCl (3.2 ± 1.5 kg/d); however, milk urea-N concentrations were not affected by treatment. In experiment 2, ECM was greater with NaCl (1.4 ± 0.31 kg/d) compared with KCl (30.2 and 28.8 ± 0.91 kg ECM / d, respectively). Milk urea-N concentration was lower with KCl, suggesting a urea-N lowering effect in milk not evident with high NaCl intake. In conclusion, the present data show that dietary Na intake of 12-13 g/kg DM was followed by greater diuresis but did not impact urea-N excretion or blood urea-N concentration. High NaCl intake did not affect the total amount of urea-N transfer across PDV tissues. Energy corrected milk yield was greater with high NaCl compared with both control and feeding KCl, however, with KCl milk urea-N decreased.
PubMed: 38908713
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24921 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2024A fill-and-draw flushing test on a landfill cell containing MSW waste was carried out to examine the operational viability of this method for accelerating the flushing...
A fill-and-draw flushing test on a landfill cell containing MSW waste was carried out to examine the operational viability of this method for accelerating the flushing of contaminants and landfill stabilisation. During the fill cycle, 800 m of water containing the tracer bromide was pumped into the base of a 0.44 ha landfill cell, resulting in the estimated saturation of 9,400 m of waste. Abstraction took place in two phases, during which 1,100 m of tracer/leachate was recovered. Samples of leachate were analysed for the tracer, electrical conductivity and indigenous solutes chloride and ammonia. Tracer recovery was between 63 and 72 % for bromide. An estimated 227 kg of ammonia and 575 kg of chloride were removed. Test data was used to calibrate a 1D, dual-porosity model involving advection in a mobile zone, and diffusion into 'blocks' of a less mobile zone. The model fitted well to the early time data, whereas later data appears to have been affected by recharge. The results of this trial demonstrate the possibilities of the 'fill-and-draw' concept using the basal leachate drainage system of landfills as a potential accelerated landfill remediation technique. However, modelling results suggest low contaminant removal efficiency. Including a pause between the fill and the draw cycles improves mass removal.
PubMed: 38908146
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.040 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024The aim of this study was to examine the effects of NH variations across different positions within a cage-reared duck house on the egg production performance and fecal...
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of NH variations across different positions within a cage-reared duck house on the egg production performance and fecal microbiome in Muscovy ducks. Totals of 3,168 female Muscovy ducks (180 ± 2 d) were randomly assigned to 1,056 cages. From d 293 to 300, the egg production rate and levels of NH, HS, CO, temperature, humidity, light intensity, and dust particles were recorded. Two spatial distribution-based experimental classification methods were applied, one grouping ducks into Front, Middle, and End categories, and the other into First, Second, and Third layers. On d 300, serum and feces samples were collected for further analysis. The result showed that both the egg production rate and serum PROG level in the Front were higher than End (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found among the First, Second, and Third groups. Among the environmental factors, ammonia (NH) is a major harmful gas in cage-reared duck houses, with observed concentrations showing a gradient from lower levels in the Front group to higher levels in the Middle group (P < 0.05), and even higher levels in the End group (P < 0.05). Gene sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in both the Front and Middle groups compared to the End group (P < 0.05). Specifically, within the Firmicutes phylum, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Romboutsia was notably higher in the Front group compared to both the Middle and End groups (P < 0.05). What's more, the abundance of Lactobacillus had a negative correlation with NH concentration and positive correlation with egg production rate. In conclusion, NH concentrations showed variations across different areas of the cage-reared duck house, with higher levels detected at the rear. The elevated NH level was identified as the main factor negatively impacting egg production in Muscovy ducks and contributing to a decline in the abundance of Firmicutes, specifically Lactobacillus.
PubMed: 38908123
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103938 -
JA Clinical Reports Jun 2024Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder associated with a high risk of exacerbation of...
BACKGROUND
Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive urea cycle disorder associated with a high risk of exacerbation of hyperammonemia during the perioperative period. Here, we describe an adult patient with HHH syndrome who developed hyperammonemic encephalopathy secondary to postoperative constipation.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 52-year-old patient with HHH syndrome underwent intrathecal baclofen pump insertion for lower limb spasticity under general anesthesia. The surgery was uneventful, without any increase in serum ammonia levels. However, after surgery, he was constipated, and on postoperative day (POD) 3, he fell into a coma with an exacerbation of hyperammonemia (894 µg/dL). After administering a glycerin enema, he defecated, leading to a rapid decrease in serum ammonia levels to 165 µg/dL. He regained consciousness, and serum ammonia levels remained stable as long as he defecated.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest strict management of defecation during the perioperative period to prevent hyperammonemia in patients with HHH syndrome.
PubMed: 38904738
DOI: 10.1186/s40981-024-00726-z -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Jun 2024Direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) might be of great significance to advance the innovation of biological nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment systems....
Direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) might be of great significance to advance the innovation of biological nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment systems. However, it remains unknown whether Dirammox bacteria can be selectively enriched in activated sludge. In this study, a lab-scale bioreactor was established and operated for 2 months to treat synthetic wastewater with hydroxylamine as a selection pressure. Three Dirammox strains (Alcaligenes aquatilis SDU_AA1, Alcaligenes aquatilis SDU_AA2, and Alcaligenes sp. SDU_A2) were isolated from the activated sludge, and their capability to perform Dirammox process was confirmed. Although these three Dirammox bacteria were undetectable in the seed sludge (0%), their relative abundances rapidly increased after a month of operation, reaching 12.65%, 0.69%, and 0.69% for SDU_A2, SDU_AA1, and SDU_AA2, respectively. Among them, the most dominant Dirammox (SDU_A2) exhibited higher nitrogen removal rate (32.35%) than the other two strains (13.57% of SDU_AA1 and 14.52% of SDU_AA2). Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the most dominant Dirammox bacterium (SDU_A2) possesses fewer complete metabolic modules compared to the other two less abundant Alcaligenes strains. Our findings expanded the understanding of the application of Dirammox bacteria as key functional microorganisms in a novel biological nitrogen and carbon removal process if they could be well stabilized. KEY POINTS: • Dirammox-dominated microbial community was enriched in activated sludge bioreactor. • The addition of hydroxylamine played a role in Dirammox enrichment. • Three Dirammox bacterial strains, including one novel species, were isolated.
Topics: Wastewater; Bioreactors; Nitrogen; Alcaligenes; Oxidation-Reduction; Sewage; Ammonia; Water Purification; Hydroxylamine; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Microbiota
PubMed: 38904674
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13214-2 -
Regenerative Therapy Jun 2024Liver is involved in metabolic reactions, ammonia detoxification, and immunity. Multicellular liver tissue cultures are more desirable for drug screening, disease... (Review)
Review
Liver is involved in metabolic reactions, ammonia detoxification, and immunity. Multicellular liver tissue cultures are more desirable for drug screening, disease modeling, and researching transplantation therapy, than hepatocytes monocultures. Hepatocytes monocultures are not stable for long. Further, hepatocyte-like cells induced from pluripotent stem cells and hepatocytes are functionally dissimilar. Organoid technology circumvents these issues by generating functional liver tissue from intrinsic liver progenitor cells and extrinsic stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells. To function as liver tissue, the liver organoid cells must be arranged precisely in the 3-dimensional space, closely mimicking liver tissue. Moreover, for long term functioning, liver organoids must be appropriately vascularized and in contact with neighboring epithelial tissues (e.g., bile canaliculi and intrahepatic bile duct, or intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts). Recent discoveries in liver developmental biology allows one to successfully induce liver component cells and generate organoids. Thus, here, in this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on liver development with a focus on its application in generating different liver organoids. We also cover the future prospects in creating (functionally and structurally) -like liver organoids using the current knowledge on liver development.
PubMed: 38903867
DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.05.020 -
Chemical Science Jun 2024The excessive production of nitrogen oxides (NO ) from energy production, agricultural activities, transportation, and other human activities remains a pressing issue... (Review)
Review
The excessive production of nitrogen oxides (NO ) from energy production, agricultural activities, transportation, and other human activities remains a pressing issue in atmospheric environment management. NO serves both as a significant pollutant and a potential feedstock for energy carriers. Photocatalytic technology for NO removal and recovery has received widespread attention and has experienced rapid development in recent years owing to its environmental friendliness, mild reaction conditions, and high efficiency. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in photocatalytic removal, encompassing NO oxidation removal (including single and synergistic removal and NO decomposition), NO reduction to N, and the emergent NO upcycling into green ammonia. Special focus is given to the molecular understanding of the interfacial nitrogen-associated reaction mechanisms and their regulation pathways. Finally, the status and the challenges of photocatalytic NO removal and recovery are critically discussed and future outlooks are proposed for their potential practical application.
PubMed: 38903227
DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01891e