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BMC Cancer Jun 2024In terms of survival rate, recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after primary surgery is considered as a poor prognostic indicator.
BACKGROUND
In terms of survival rate, recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after primary surgery is considered as a poor prognostic indicator.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to determine the incidence of OSCC recurrence among patients treated at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital (KTDH) and possible risk factors associated with it.
METHODS
Records of 303 patients with a history of radical surgery were retrieved from the hospital's archives, and the histopathological records were retrieved from the archival specimens of Professor Ahmed Suleiman Oral Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, and University of Khartoum.
RESULTS
Advanced stages of OSCC (III, IV) were associated with higher recurrence rates, and the poorly differentiated OSCC was the commonest recurrent type.
CONCLUSION
The condition of the surgical margin is a significant predictor of OSCC recurrence and tumor stage. The tumor site, the type of surgical resection, and the tumor differentiation were also identified as significant factors influencing the recurrence of OSCC.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Male; Female; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cross-Sectional Studies; Aged; Adult; Risk Factors; Neoplasm Staging; Aged, 80 and over; Prognosis; Hospitals, Teaching
PubMed: 38943108
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12562-6 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to review echocardiography-based diagnosis of persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) in children.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to review echocardiography-based diagnosis of persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) in children.
METHODS
From January 2015 to December 2022, we retrospectively analyzed the echocardiographic findings and the relevant clinical data during follow-up of patients with PFAA who were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography angiography or surgery.
RESULTS
Seven PFAA cases included two Weinberg type A and five Weinberg type B. The anatomical details of PFAA were assessed using a combination of the long-axis view of the left ventricular outflow tract (from the left high parasternal window) and the long-axis view of the aortic arch (from the suprasternal window). In Weinberg type A, the distal fifth and fourth aortic arches were connected to the descending aorta, which was associated with aortic coarctation. In Weinberg type B, the upper arch of the fourth aorta was interrupted, and only the lower arch of the fifth aorta was connected to the descending aorta. Surgical repair of PFAA was indicated in five patients with blood flow disruption, among which four had good postoperative results and one refused surgery. Two patients with unobstructed PFAA blood flow required follow-up rather than surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible to diagnose PFAA by echocardiography. Combined application of the high parasternal left ventricular outflow tract view and the suprasternal aortic arch view can improve timely detection of different types of PFAA in children.
Topics: Humans; Aorta, Thoracic; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Computed Tomography Angiography; Infant; Predictive Value of Tests; Child, Preschool; Aortography; Child; China; Aortic Coarctation; Treatment Outcome; Age Factors; Reproducibility of Results; Echocardiography
PubMed: 38943106
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03999-5 -
Construction and validation of a brain magnetic resonance imaging template for normal older Koreans.BMC Neurology Jun 2024Spatial normalization to a standardized brain template is a crucial step in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Brain templates made from sufficient sample size...
BACKGROUND
Spatial normalization to a standardized brain template is a crucial step in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Brain templates made from sufficient sample size have low brain variability, improving the accuracy of spatial normalization. Using population-specific template improves accuracy of spatial normalization because brain morphology varies according to ethnicity and age.
METHODS
We constructed a brain template of normal Korean elderly (KNE200) using MRI scans 100 male and 100 female aged over 60 years old with normal cognition. We compared the deformation after spatial normalization of the KNE200 template to that of the KNE96, constructed from 96 cognitively normal elderly Koreans and to that of the brain template (OCF), constructed from 434 non-demented older Caucasians to examine the effect of sample size and ethnicity on the accuracy of brain template, respectively. We spatially normalized the MRI scans of elderly Koreans and quantified the amount of deformations associated with spatial normalization using the magnitude of displacement and volumetric changes of voxels.
RESULTS
The KNE200 yielded significantly less displacement and volumetric change in the parahippocampal gyrus, medial and posterior orbital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, gyrus rectus, cerebellum and vermis than the KNE96. The KNE200 also yielded much less displacement in the cerebellum, vermis, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and thalamus and much less volumetric change in the cerebellum, vermis, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus than the OCF.
CONCLUSION
KNE200 had the better accuracy than the KNE96 due to the larger sample size and was far accurate than the template constructed from elderly Caucasians in elderly Koreans.
Topics: Humans; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Aged; Brain; Middle Aged; Republic of Korea; Asian People; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; East Asian People
PubMed: 38943101
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03735-8 -
BMC Health Services Research Jun 2024Current processes collecting cancer stage data in population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) lack standardisation, resulting in difficulty utilising diverse data sources...
BACKGROUND
Current processes collecting cancer stage data in population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) lack standardisation, resulting in difficulty utilising diverse data sources and incomplete, low-quality data. Implementing a cancer staging tiered framework aims to improve stage collection and facilitate inter-PBCR benchmarking.
OBJECTIVE
Demonstrate the application of a cancer staging tiered framework in the Western Australian Cancer Staging Project to establish a standardised method for collecting cancer stage at diagnosis data in PBCRs.
METHODS
The tiered framework, developed in collaboration with a Project Advisory Group and applied to breast, colorectal, and melanoma cancers, provides business rules - procedures for stage collection. Tier 1 represents the highest staging level, involving complete American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) data collection and other critical staging information. Tier 2 (registry-derived stage) relies on supplementary data, including hospital admission data, to make assumptions based on data availability. Tier 3 (pathology stage) solely uses pathology reports.
FINDINGS
The tiered framework promotes flexible utilisation of staging data, recognising various levels of data completeness. Tier 1 is suitable for all purposes, including clinical and epidemiological applications. Tiers 2 and 3 are recommended for epidemiological analysis alone. Lower tiers provide valuable insights into disease patterns, risk factors, and overall disease burden for public health planning and policy decisions. Capture of staging at each tier depends on data availability, with potential shifts to higher tiers as new data sources are acquired.
CONCLUSIONS
The tiered framework offers a dynamic approach for PBCRs to record stage at diagnosis, promoting consistency in population-level staging data and enabling practical use for benchmarking across jurisdictions, public health planning, policy development, epidemiological analyses, and assessing cancer outcomes. Evolution with staging classifications and data variable changes will futureproof the tiered framework. Its adaptability fosters continuous refinement of data collection processes and encourages improvements in data quality.
Topics: Humans; Registries; Neoplasm Staging; Western Australia; Neoplasms; Data Collection; Benchmarking
PubMed: 38943091
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11224-4 -
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters Jun 2024Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), primarily found in the southern region of China, is a malignant tumor known for its highly metastatic characteristics. The high mortality...
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), primarily found in the southern region of China, is a malignant tumor known for its highly metastatic characteristics. The high mortality rates caused by the distant metastasis and disease recurrence remain unsolved clinical problems. In clinic, the berberine (BBR) compound has widely been in NPC therapy to decrease metastasis and disease recurrence, and BBR was documented as a main component with multiple anti-NPC effects. However, the mechanism by which BBR inhibits the growth and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains elusive. Herein, we show that BBR effectively inhibits the growth, metastasis, and invasion of NPC via inducing a specific super enhancer (SE). From a mechanistic perspective, the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results suggest that the RAS-RAF1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway, activated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a significant role in BBR-induced autophagy in NPC. Blockading of autophagy markedly attenuated the effect of BBR-mediated NPC cell growth and metastasis inhibition. Notably, BBR increased the expression of EGFR by transcription, and knockout of EGFR significantly inhibited BBR-induced microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II increase and p62 inhibition, proposing that EGFR plays a pivotal role in BBR-induced autophagy in NPC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) results found that a specific SE existed only in NPC cells treated with BBR. This SE knockdown markedly repressed the expression of EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR (EGFR-p) and reversed the inhibition of BBR on NPC proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Furthermore, BBR-specific SE may trigger autophagy by enhancing EGFR gene transcription, thereby upregulating the RAS-RAF1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In addition, in vivo BBR effectively inhibited NPC cells growth and metastasis, following an increase LC3 and EGFR and a decrease p62. Collectively, this study identifies a novel BBR-special SE and established a new epigenetic paradigm, by which BBR regulates autophagy, inhibits proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. It provides a rationale for BBR application as the treatment regime in NPC therapy in future.
Topics: Berberine; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Autophagy; Humans; ErbB Receptors; Cell Line, Tumor; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Animals; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; Cell Proliferation; ras Proteins; Mice; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Mice, Nude
PubMed: 38943090
DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00607-4 -
BMC Cancer Jun 2024To explore the correlation between effective dose to immune cells (EDIC) and vertebral bone marrow dose and hematologic toxicity (HT) for esophageal squamous cell...
Association of effective dose to immune cells and vertebral marrow dose with hematologic toxicity during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
To explore the correlation between effective dose to immune cells (EDIC) and vertebral bone marrow dose and hematologic toxicity (HT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).
METHODS
The study included 106 ESCC patients treated with nCRT. We collected dosimetric parameters, including vertebral body volumes receiving 10-40 Gy (V10, V20, V30, V40) and EDIC and complete blood counts. Associations of the cell nadir and dosimetric parameters were examined by linear and logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cutoff values for the dosimetric parameters.
RESULTS
During nCRT, the incidence of grade 3-4 lymphopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia was 76.4%, 37.3%, and 37.3%, respectively. Patients with EDIC ≤ 4.63 Gy plus V10 ≤ 140.3 ml were strongly associated with lower risk of grade 3-4 lymphopenia (OR, 0.050; P < 0.001), and patients with EDIC ≤ 4.53 Gy plus V10 ≤ 100.9 ml were strongly associated with lower risk of grade 3-4 leukopenia (OR, 0.177; P = 0.011), and patients with EDIC ≤ 5.79 Gy were strongly associated with lower risk of grade 3-4 neutropenia (OR, 0.401; P = 0.031). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was a significant difference among all groups for grade 3-4 lymphopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The dose of vertebral bone marrow irradiation and EDIC were significantly correlated with grade 3-4 leukopenia and lymphopenia, and EDIC was significantly correlated with grade 3-4 neutropenia. Reducing vertebral bone marrow irradiation and EDIC effectively reduce the incidence of HT.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Bone Marrow; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Aged; Esophageal Neoplasms; Adult; Chemoradiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Leukopenia; Neutropenia; Lymphopenia; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38943075
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12531-z -
BMC Cancer Jun 2024Exploring the predictive value of NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII for the severity of cervical cancer screening abnormalities in patients.
OBJECTIVE
Exploring the predictive value of NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII for the severity of cervical cancer screening abnormalities in patients.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 324 patients suspected of cervical lesions due to abnormal TCT and/or HPV in our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023, who underwent colposcopy. The pathological results of colposcopic biopsy confirmed that there were 140 cases of chronic cervicitis, which classified as the group without cervical lesions. The cervical lesion group included 184 cases, including 91 cases of LSIL, 71 cases of HSIL, and 22 cases of cervical cancer. Compared the differences in preoperative peripheral blood NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII among different groups of patients, and evaluated their predictive value for the severity of cervical lesions using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.
RESULTS
The levels of NLR, PLR, and SII in the group without cervical lesions were lower than those in the group with cervical lesions (p < 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in MLR (p > 0.05). The comparison of NLR among LSIL, HSIL, and cervical cancer groups showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), while PLR, MLR, and SII showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The AUC of peripheral blood NLR, PLR, and SII for predicting cervical lesions were 0.569, 0.582, and 0.572, respectively. The optimal cutoff values were 2.3,176.48, and 603.56. The sensitivity and specificity were 38.6% and 73.6%, 28.8% and 85.7%, 37.5% and 76.4%, respectively. At the same time, the joint testing of the three had the highest efficiency, with sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 45%.
CONCLUSION
Although the peripheral blood NLR, PLR, and SII of the cervical lesions patients were higher than those without cervical lesions in cervical cancer screening abnormal patients, the predictive ROC curve discrimination was low. Therefore, it is not recommended to use preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory markers as markers for cervical cancer screening abnormal patient diversion.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Middle Aged; ROC Curve; Predictive Value of Tests; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Early Detection of Cancer; Colposcopy; Severity of Illness Index; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neutrophils; Inflammation
PubMed: 38943072
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12561-7 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jun 2024Increasing evidence indicates that the thickness of periodontal soft tissues plays an important role in various clinical scenarios, thus pointing to the need of further...
OBJECTIVES
Increasing evidence indicates that the thickness of periodontal soft tissues plays an important role in various clinical scenarios, thus pointing to the need of further clinical research in this area. Aim of the present study was to assess gingival thickness at the mandibular incisors by translucency judgement with two different probes and to validate if these methods are comparable and applicable as diagnostic tools.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 200 participants were included; gingival tissue thickness was measured by judging probe translucency at both central mandibular incisors, mid-facially on the buccal aspect of each tooth using a standard periodontal probe and a set of color-coded probe, each with a different color at the tip, i.e. Colorvue Biotype Probe (CBP). Frequencies and relative frequencies were calculated for probe visibility. Agreement between the standard periodontal probe and the CBP was evaluated via the kappa statistic.
RESULTS
When the periodontal probe was visible, the frequency of CBP being visible was very high. Kappa statistic for the agreement between the standard periodontal probe and the CBP was 0.198 (71.5% agreement; p-value < 0.001) for tooth 41 and 0.311 (74.0% agreement; p-value < 0.001) for tooth 31, indicating a positive association of the two methods.
CONCLUSIONS
An agreement that reached 74% was estimated between the standard periodontal probe and the color-coded probe at central mandibular incisors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the context of the present study, the two methods of evaluating gingival thickness seem to produce comparable measurements with a substantial agreement. However, in the 1/4 of the cases, the visibility of the color-coded probe could not assist in the categorization of the gingival phenotype.
Topics: Humans; Incisor; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gingiva; Male; Mandible; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38942966
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05672-9 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024To evaluate the protective effect of gallic acid on the optic nerve by studying the inhibitory effect of gallic acid on oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells. 100...
To evaluate the protective effect of gallic acid on the optic nerve by studying the inhibitory effect of gallic acid on oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells. 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, simple high IOP group, 0.5% gallic acid experimental group, and 1% gallic acid experimental group. HE staining, immunofluorescence, DHE staining, Western blot, and q-PCR were used to observe the antioxidant effect of gallic acid on the retina of acute ocular hypertension rats. HE staining of the retina of SD rats confirmed that the nucleus of RGCs was clear, the thickness of the RNFL was regular in the normal control group, and the nucleus of RGCs was ruptured and lysed in the simple high intraocular pressure (IOP) group and the gallic acid group, and the thickness of the RNFL was significantly thickened, but the thickness of the RNFL in the gallic acid group was significantly reduced compared with that in the simple high IOP group (p < 0.05). DHE staining showed that ROS content in the simple high IOP group was significantly increased compared with the normal control group, and ROS content was significantly decreased after the application of gallic acid (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining with Brn-3a antibody confirmed that the number of RGCs was significantly reduced in the simple high IOP group compared with the normal control group, whereas after application of gallic acid, the number of RGCs was significantly more in the gallic acid group than in the simple high IOP group (p < 0.05). Western Blot and q-PCR confirmed that hypoxia-inducing factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein content and transcription level were significantly increased in the retinal tissue of the simple high IOP group, and gallic acid could inhibit HIF-1α protein content (p < 0.05) and reduce transcription factor level (p < 0.05). Gallic acid exerts a protective effect on RGC by inhibiting oxidative stress in rats with acute IOP elevation.
Topics: Gallic Acid; Animals; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Antioxidants; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Disease Models, Animal; Glaucoma; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Intraocular Pressure; Ocular Hypertension
PubMed: 38942959
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65965-7 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Telocytes are closely associated with the regulation of tissue smooth muscle dynamics in digestive system disorders. They are widely distributed in the biliary system...
Telocytes are closely associated with the regulation of tissue smooth muscle dynamics in digestive system disorders. They are widely distributed in the biliary system and exert their influence on biliary motility through mechanisms such as the regulation of CCK and their electrophysiological effects on smooth muscle cells. To investigate the relationship between telocytes and benign biliary diseases,such as gallbladder stone disease and biliary dilation syndrome, we conducted histopathological analysis on tissues affected by these conditions. Additionally, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining experiments for telocytes. The results indicate that the quantity of telocytes in the gallbladder and bile duct is significantly lower in pathological conditions compared to the control group. This reveals a close association between the decrease in telocyte quantity and impaired gallbladder motility and biliary fibrosis. Furthermore, further investigations have shown a correlation between telocytes in cholesterol gallstones and cholecystokinin-A receptor (CCK-AR), suggesting that elevated cholesterol levels may impair telocytes, leading to a reduction in the quantity of CCK-AR and ultimately resulting in impaired gallbladder motility.Therefore, we hypothesize that telocytes may play a crucial role in maintaining biliary homeostasis, and their deficiency may be associated with the development of benign biliary diseases, including gallstone disease and biliary dilation.
Topics: Telocytes; Cholelithiasis; Humans; Gallbladder; Female; Male; Bile Ducts; Middle Aged; Aged; Dilatation, Pathologic
PubMed: 38942924
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65776-w