-
Scientific Reports May 2024Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious, life-threatening, complication affecting patients who have survived the initial bleeding from a ruptured intracranial...
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious, life-threatening, complication affecting patients who have survived the initial bleeding from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Due to the challenging diagnosis, potential DCI prognostic markers should be of value in clinical practice. According to recent reports isoprostanes and red blood cell distribution (RDW) showed to be promising in this respect. We conducted a prospective study of 27 aSAH patients and control group (n = 8). All patients from the study group were treated within the first day of the initial bleeding. We collected data regarding clinical status and results of biochemical, and radiological examinations. We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (F2-IsoP) and RDW on days 1, 3, and 5. Both CSF F2-IsoP level and RDW-SD measured on day 1 were significant predictors of DCI. The receiver operating characteristics curve for DCI prediction based on the multivariate model yielded an area under the curve of 0.924 (95% CI 0.824-1.000, p < 0.001). In our study, the model based on the combination of RDW and the level of isoprostanes in CSF on the first day after the initial bleeding showed a prognostic value for DCI prediction. Further studies are required to validate this observation.
Topics: Humans; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Dinoprost; Prognosis; Brain Ischemia; Prospective Studies; Erythrocyte Indices; Aged; Erythrocytes; Adult; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38760404
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61956-w -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... Apr 2024Anemia coexisting with Gaucher disease (GD) is often associated with non-hemolytic processes. Few cases of GD with autoimmune hemolytic anemia have been reported....
Anemia coexisting with Gaucher disease (GD) is often associated with non-hemolytic processes. Few cases of GD with autoimmune hemolytic anemia have been reported. However, literature on GD with concomitant nonimmune hemolytic anemia is scarce. A 1-year 6-month-old male child presented in 2018 with complaints of palpable mass in left upper abdomen, fever, cough, and vomiting. On examination, he had pallor, hepatosplenomegaly of 2 cm and 8 cm below costal margin, respectively. A clinical diagnosis of hemolytic anemia was suspected. Complete blood count revealed Hb---6.7 g/dL, TLC---8.9 × 10 3 /μL, platelet count---180 × 10 3 /μL. Peripheral smear showed predominantly microcytic hypochromic anemia with moderate degree of anisocytosis, many nucleated red blood cells, few schistocytes, polychromatophils and corrected reticulocyte count 7.89%. S. Bilirubin was 1.1 mg/dL. Hb high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the child and his parents was within normal limit. Hematological work up revealed negative results for direct Coombs' test, osmotic fragility test, and sickling test. Test for Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was positive (39 units/trillion RBC, normal 146--376). He was transfused intermittently and given steroids to manage his anemia. He was on regular follow up during which his blood counts revealed persistent anemia and thrombocytopenia. In view of this, bone marrow was performed to exclude myelofibrosis. Aspirate smears were cellular and showed normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia. Numerous large histiocytes with basophilic fibrillary cytoplasm exhibiting "crumpled tissue paper" appearance were seen. Similar findings were seen on bone marrow trephine biopsy. Genetic testing revealed pathogenic variations in the GBA gene. Beta glucosidase enzyme levels were low while chitotriosidase was raised (1109.19 nmol/hr/mL). A final diagnosis of G6PD with GD was made. The present study shows rare association of GD with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Topics: Humans; Gaucher Disease; Male; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Infant; Bone Marrow
PubMed: 38391334
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_271_22 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Dec 2023Regular exercise elicits adaptive changes in several organs and physiological processes, including erythrocyte properties.
BACKGROUND
Regular exercise elicits adaptive changes in several organs and physiological processes, including erythrocyte properties.
METHODS
In a group of 79 subjects (62 men and 17 women; mean age 31.37 ± 10.19 years) who trained several times a week as they practiced amateur sports, we evaluated the elongation index, markers of erythrocyte deformability, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), indicators of erythrocyte anisocytosis, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and the main erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) in basal conditions.
RESULTS
In comparison with a group of healthy, but not training, volunteers, the values of the elongation index, and not the RDW, are increased, and this datum is accompanied by an increase in MCV and MCHC, likely related to an increased presence of circulating young erythrocytes in training subjects. We also divided the same group according to the median of the VOmax, observing that the subgroup above the median shows both an increase in the elongation index values and a decrease in MCH and MCHC.
CONCLUSIONS
In trained subjects, there is no correlation between the values of the elongation index and the RDW, while the interrelations among the elongation index, RDW, and main erythrocyte indices appear to be of particular interest and of a certain complexity.
PubMed: 38202157
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010151 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Dec 2023Diabetes and obesity have been recognized as confirmed risk factors for the occurrence of liver fibrosis. Despite the long-standing acknowledgment of "diabesity", the...
Diabetes and obesity have been recognized as confirmed risk factors for the occurrence of liver fibrosis. Despite the long-standing acknowledgment of "diabesity", the simultaneous existence of diabetes and obesity, scholarly literature has shown limited attention to this topic. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the prevalence of liver fibrosis among individuals with diabetes (specifically those who are obese) in order to identify the key factors associated with hepatofibrosis and determine the most important associations and differences between patients with and without liver fibrosis. The research included a total of 164 participants (48.17% had comorbid obesity). Liver elastography (Fibroscan) was performed on these individuals in addition to laboratory tests. Liver fibrosis was found in 34.76% of type 2 diabetes patients; male gender almost doubled the risk of hepatofibrosis (RR 1.81) and diabesity nearly tripled this risk (RR 2.81; however, in degree III of obesity, the risk was elevated to 3.65 times higher). Anisocytosis, thrombocytopenia, or elevated liver enzymes raised the incidence of liver fibrosis by 1.78 to 2.47 times. In these individuals, liver stiffness was negatively correlated with MCV, platelet count, and albumin concentration; GGTP activity and HbA1c percentage were positively correlated. The regression analysis results suggest that the concentration of albumin and the activity of GGTP are likely to have a substantial influence on the future management of liver fibrosis in patients with diabesity. The findings of this study can serve as the basis for subsequent investigations and actions focused on identifying potential therapeutic and diagnostic avenues.
PubMed: 38137829
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247760 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Jan 2024An adult sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) was unexpectedly found dead and was presented for post-mortem examination. Macroscopically, the proventricular wall...
An adult sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) was unexpectedly found dead and was presented for post-mortem examination. Macroscopically, the proventricular wall was expanded by an infiltrative off-white mass, 10 mm in diameter, with secondary mucosal ulceration. Cytological examination of impression smears revealed a neoplastic epithelial cell population forming occasional well-defined acini with secretory product. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were predominantly arranged in acini and tubules, with fewer in small clusters, supported by a desmoplastic stroma. Neoplastic cells were polygonal, with mostly well-demarcated cell boundaries and a moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm that was multifocally markedly distended by more intensely eosinophilic material. There was an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio with moderately sized to large nuclei (approximately 15 μm diameter) with lightly to densely stippled chromatin and single or paired prominent basophilic nucleoli. The mitotic count was 19 in 10 high-power fields (2.37 mm), with scattered bizarre mitotic figures and atypia including moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and moderate cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. There was frequent intratubular brightly eosinophilic proteinaceous material, which was Alcian blue and periodic acid‒Schiff positive. Proventricular lymphovascular invasion was detected, with metastases within the ventriculus and lungs. The macroscopic, cytological and histological appearance of the neoplasm was consistent with a proventricular adenocarcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Cockatoos; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 38101282
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.11.004 -
Journal of Medical Biochemistry Oct 2023This systematic literature review and meta-analysis investigated whether the red blood cell distribution (RDW) may predict survival outcomes in laryngeal cancer patients...
BACKGROUND
This systematic literature review and meta-analysis investigated whether the red blood cell distribution (RDW) may predict survival outcomes in laryngeal cancer patients undergoing curative treatment.
METHODS
We conducted an electronic search in Medline and Scopus using the keywords "red blood cell distribution width" OR "RDW" AND "laryngeal cancer" OR "larynx cancer" OR "laryngeal carcinoma" OR "larynx carcinoma," without time or language restrictions (up to February 2023), for identifying studies investigating the prognostic value of RDW in patients with any form of laryngeal cancer and with a primary endpoint that was set as survival rate and/or disease-free survival between 1 and 10 years after curative treatment. The research was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 reporting checklist.
PubMed: 38090509
DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-42947 -
Veterinary Research Communications Apr 2024South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly... (Review)
Review
South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly with a packed cell volume (PCV) below 0.10 l/l, which is a life-threatening condition for the animals. This review article presents clinical and laboratory diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. Clinical identification of anaemic animals can be performed by assessing the FAMACHA© score and the Body Condition Score (BCS), since anaemia in alpacas and llamas correlates with pale mucous membranes and a lowered BCS. Haematological examination of a blood sample can provide a more differentiated diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. A common finding is regenerative anaemia with an increased number of reticulocytes that is often caused by blood loss due to Haemonchus contortus. Changes in a blood smear from an alpaca or llama with regenerative anaemia may include normoblasts (nucleated red blood cells), anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia, Howell-Jolly bodies or basophilic stippling. Furthermore, non-regenerative anaemia, often caused by trace element deficiency or cachexia, can also occur.
Topics: Animals; Camelids, New World; Anemia; Haemonchus; South America
PubMed: 38049672
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10274-z -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Sickle cell disease (SCD) is heterogeneous in terms of manifestation severity, even more so when in compound heterozygosity with beta-thalassemia. The aim of the present...
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is heterogeneous in terms of manifestation severity, even more so when in compound heterozygosity with beta-thalassemia. The aim of the present study was to stratify ββ patient blood samples in a severity-dependent manner. Blood from thirty-two patients with HbS/β-thalassemia compound heterozygosity was examined for several parameters (e.g., hemostasis, inflammation, redox equilibrium) against healthy controls. Additionally, SCD patients were a posteriori (a) categorized based on the L-glutamine dose and (b) clustered into high-/low-RDW subgroups. The patient cohort was characterized by anemia, inflammation, and elevated coagulation. Higher-dose administration of L-glutamine was associated with decreased markers of inflammation and oxidation (e.g., intracellular reactive oxygen species) and an altered coagulation profile. The higher-RDW group was characterized by increased hemolysis, elevated markers of inflammation and stress erythropoiesis, and oxidative phenomena (e.g., membrane-bound hemoglobin). Moreover, the levels of hemostasis parameters (e.g., D-Dimers) were greater compared to the lower-RDW subgroup. The administration of higher doses of L-glutamine along with hydroxyurea seems to attenuate several features in SCD patients, probably by enhancing antioxidant power. Moreover, anisocytosis may alter erythrocytes' coagulation processes and hemolytic propensity. This results in the disruption of the redox and pro-/anti-inflammatory equilibria, creating a positive feedback loop by inducing stress erythropoiesis and, thus, the occurrence of a mixed erythrocyte population.
PubMed: 38001835
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111982 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia Oct 2023Acute myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerotic plaque formation is the main pathophysiological mechanism, which results in...
BACKGROUND
Acute myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerotic plaque formation is the main pathophysiological mechanism, which results in chronic inflammation that induces erythrocyte maturation and may cause an increase in the red cell distribution width (RDW) index.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate the role of the anisocytosis index in patients with acute myocardial infarction in both types of infarctions as a predictor of severity.
METHODS
Patients were included in the study according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, following the hospital routine based on their clinical and laboratory history. Statistical analyzes were performed according to each variable. All conclusions were drawn considering the significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
During the follow-up period, in the 349 patients analyzed, the mortality rate was associated with the variables RDW (CV) and RDW (SD), in those patients who died, an increase was noted, as demonstrated in the multivariate model, for the effects of an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction and the RDW, adjusted for confounding factors (p-value = 0.03 and 0.04). In contrast, the total number of erythrocytes (p-value = 0.00) and hemoglobin (p-value = 0.03) showed a decrease during severe patients' hospitalization.
CONCLUSION
The anisocytosis index was a predictive factor of mortality and can be used as an indicator of worse prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Erythrocytes; Erythrocyte Indices; Prognosis; Hospitalization; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37937582
DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230045 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the variation in mean corpuscular volume that reflects the degree of anisocytosis on the peripheral blood smear. RDW...
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of the variation in mean corpuscular volume that reflects the degree of anisocytosis on the peripheral blood smear. RDW value variation has been implicated in several disorders including chronic inflammatory processes and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. In the present work, our objective was to study the relationship that RDW has with the characteristics of the disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on CV risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included 430 patients with RA and 208 controls matched by sex and age. Complete blood count, including RDW, was assessed. Multivariable analysis was performed to analyze the relationship of RDW with RA disease characteristics, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, and traditional CV factors, including a comprehensive profile of lipid molecules and insulin resistance and beta cell function indices. After multivariable adjustment, the RDW was significantly higher in RA patients compared with controls (beta coefficient 1.0 [95% confidence interval 0.2 to 1.8] %, = 0.020). Furthermore, although the erythrocyte sedimentation rate showed a positive and significant relationship with RDW, this association was not found with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. A positive and independent relationship was observed between DAS28-ESR disease activity score and RDW. However, no association was found between the RDW and other disease activity scores that do not include erythrocyte sedimentation rate in their formula. The SCORE2 CV risk algorithm was positively and significantly associated with higher RDW values. Likewise, a negative relationship was found between RDW with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a positive relationship was found between RDW and insulin resistance indices. In conclusion, RDW values are higher in RA patients compared to matched controls. Although the relationship of RDW with disease activity was not consistent, RDW shows associations with subclinical CV disease risk factors, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and with the SCORE2 CV disease-risk prediction algorithm.
PubMed: 37892635
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206497