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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipid droplets in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes using oil red O.STAR Protocols Jun 2024By differentiating into mature adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells can be utilized as a model cell line to investigate (pre)adipocyte function in vitro. Here, we present a...
By differentiating into mature adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells can be utilized as a model cell line to investigate (pre)adipocyte function in vitro. Here, we present a protocol for combining qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipid droplets in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes using oil red O. We describe steps to differentiate 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes and give detailed procedures to determine total lipid amount as well as lipid droplet size and number using microscopic devices and an ImageJ macro. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kaczmarek et al..
Topics: Animals; Mice; 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Lipid Droplets; Azo Compounds; Cell Differentiation; Staining and Labeling; Lipid Metabolism
PubMed: 38875117
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102977 -
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Jun 2024Dyes, considered as toxic and persistent pollutants, must be removed from organic wastes prior to their composting and application in sustainable agriculture. Azo dyes,...
Dyes, considered as toxic and persistent pollutants, must be removed from organic wastes prior to their composting and application in sustainable agriculture. Azo dyes, capable of altering the physicochemical properties of soil, are difficult to expel by conventional wastewater treatments. C.I. Acid Black 1 (AB 1), a sulfonated azo dye, inhibits nitrification and ammonification in the soil, lessens the nitrogen use efficacy in crop production and passes substantially unaltered through an activated sludge process. The retention of C.I. Acid Black 1 by raw and expanded perlite was investigated in order to examine the potential effectiveness of this aluminosilicate material toward organic waste cleanup. Dye adsorption proved spontaneous and endothermic in nature, increasing with temperature for both perlites. Expanded perlite having a more open structure exhibited a better performance compared to the raw material. Several of the most widely recognized two-parameter theoretical models, i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Harkins-Jura, Halsey, Henderson, and Smith, were applied to reveal physicochemical features characterizing the adsorption. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, BET, Henderson, and Smith equations best fitted experimental data indicating that the adsorption of anionic dye on perlites is controlled by their surface, i.e., non-uniformity in structure and charge. This heterogeneity of surface is considered responsible for promoting specific dye adsorption areas creating dye "islands" with local dye supersaturations.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Adsorption; Silicon Dioxide; Coloring Agents; Naphthalenesulfonates; Waste Management; Azo Compounds; Anthraquinones
PubMed: 38849572
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02013-3 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This study reports the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Magnesium ferrite nanoparticles (MgFeO) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The...
This study reports the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Magnesium ferrite nanoparticles (MgFeO) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The photocatalytic degradation of Carbol Fuchsin (CF) dye (a class of dyestuffs that are resistant to biodegradation) under the influence of UV-light irradiation is also studied. The crystalline magnesium ferrite (MgFeO) nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The morphology of the resulting nanocomposite was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed for further characterization of particle morphology and size. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to analyze the crystalline structure, chemical composition, and surface area, respectively. Optical properties were evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The UV-assisted photocatalytic performance of MgFeO nanoparticles was assessed by studying the decolorization of Carbol fuchsin (CF) azo dye. The crystallite size of the MgFeO nanoparticles at the (311) plane, the most prominent peak, was determined to be 28.5 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of 10 ppm CF using 15 mg of MgFeO nanoparticles resulted in a significant 96% reduction after 135 min at ambient temperature (25 °C) and a pH value of 9. Additionally, MgFeO nanoparticles exhibited potent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus in a dose dependent manner with maximum utilized concentration of 30 µg/ml. Specifically, MgFeO nanoparticles demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity via disk diffusion and microbroth dilution tests with zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for E. coli (26.0 mm, 1.25 µg/ml) and S. aureus (23.0 mm, 2.5 µg/ml), respectively. Moreover, 10.0 µg/ml of MgFeO nanoparticles elicited marked percent reduction in biofilm formation by E. coli (89%) followed by S. aureus (78.5%) after treatment. In conclusion, MgFeO nanoparticles demonstrated efficient dye removal capabilities along with significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains suggesting their potential as promising antimicrobial and detoxifying agents.
Topics: Biofilms; Ferric Compounds; Catalysis; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Escherichia coli; Ultraviolet Rays; Staphylococcus aureus; Magnesium; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38834648
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62868-5 -
Archives of Razi Institute Dec 2023Colors have been added to food naturally and artificially for centuries to make them look more appetizing. According to the Food and Drug Organization, eight artificial...
Colors have been added to food naturally and artificially for centuries to make them look more appetizing. According to the Food and Drug Organization, eight artificial colors were registered for the nutrition application, one of them, is tartrazine, which is widely used in foods and cosmetics. Food colors significantly decrease weight and increase proteins, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. Onion, as an antioxidant, can reduce the harmful effects of artificial food colors on weight gain, antioxidant activity, and blood biochemical factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the onion's antioxidant properties on serum biochemical factors and antioxidants in Wistar rats after consuming tartrazine. Eighty Rats were divided into four groups, 20 mice in each. The first group received water without additives and was considered the control, the second group received tartrazine, the third group received tartrazine with onion juice, and the fourth group received only onion juice through gastric gavage. This experiment was performed for 60 days, and then the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the biochemical parameters of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured. Tartrazine decreased the antioxidant activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and the biochemical parameters of HDL and LDL. The results showed that the consumption of tartrazine causes the production of free radicals, which is the reason for the significant reduction of antioxidant activities and serum biochemical factors. Onion, as an antioxidant in this study, reduces the effects of tartrazine on antioxidant activities and serum biochemical factors.
Topics: Animals; Onions; Antioxidants; Tartrazine; Rats, Wistar; Rats; Male; Food Coloring Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38828161
DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2023.78.6.1836 -
Chemosphere Aug 2024Microorganisms have great potential for bioremediation as they have powerful enzymes and machineries that can transform xenobiotics. The use of a microbial consortium...
Microorganisms have great potential for bioremediation as they have powerful enzymes and machineries that can transform xenobiotics. The use of a microbial consortium provides more advantages in application point of view than pure cultures due to cross-feeding, adaptations, functional redundancies, and positive interactions among the organisms. In this study, we screened about 107 isolates for their ability to degrade dyes in aerobic conditions and without additional carbon source. From our screening results, we finally limited our synthetic consortium to Gordonia and Rhodococcus isolates. The synthetic consortium was trained and optimized for azo dye degradation using sequential treatment of small aromatic compounds such as phenols that act as selective pressure agents. After four rounds of optimization with different aims for each round, the consortium was able to decolorize and degrade various dyes after 48 h (80%-100% for brilliant black bn, methyl orange, and chromotrop 2b; 50-70% for orange II and reactive orange 16; 15-30% for chlorazol black e, reactive red 120, and allura red ac). Through rational approaches, we can show that treatment with phenolic compounds at micromolar dosages can significantly improve the degradation of bulky dyes and increase its substrate scope. Moreover, our selective pressure approach led to the production of various dye-degrading enzymes as azoreductase, laccase-like, and peroxidase-like activities were detected from the phenol-treated consortium. Evidence of degradation was also shown as metabolites arising from the degradation of methyl red and brilliant black bn were detected using HPLC and LC-MS analysis. Therefore, this study establishes the importance of rational and systematic screening and optimization of a consortium. Not only can this approach be applied to dye degradation, but this study also offers insights into how we can fully maximize microbial consortium activity for other applications, especially in biodegradation and biotransformation.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Azo Compounds; Rhodococcus; Microbial Consortia; Gordonia Bacterium; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Phenols; Nitroreductases
PubMed: 38825247
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142489 -
Heliyon May 2024The reaction of sulfamethoxazolehydrazonoyl chloride with thiosemicarbazones, bis-thiosemicarbazones, or 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole in dioxane in the presence of...
The reaction of sulfamethoxazolehydrazonoyl chloride with thiosemicarbazones, bis-thiosemicarbazones, or 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole in dioxane in the presence of triethylamine as a basic catalyst at reflux resulted in the regioselective synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles linked to azo-sulfamethoxazole as novel hybrid molecules. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed using a range of spectra. Each compound's antibacterial properties were evaluated using the agar well-diffusion technique, and most of them demonstrated significant potency. In silico investigations revealed that the described compounds had strong interactions with the binding sites of MurE ligase, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, and dihydropteroate synthase, demonstrating inhibitory activity.
PubMed: 38813143
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31082 -
Redox Biology Jul 2024Intracellular redox homeostasis in the airway epithelium is closely regulated through adaptive signaling and metabolic pathways. However, inhalational exposure to...
Intracellular redox homeostasis in the airway epithelium is closely regulated through adaptive signaling and metabolic pathways. However, inhalational exposure to xenobiotic stressors such as secondary organic aerosols (SOA) can alter intracellular redox homeostasis. Isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), a ubiquitous volatile organic compound derived from the atmospheric photooxidation of biogenic isoprene, is a major contributor to SOA. We have previously demonstrated that exposure of human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) to ISOPOOH induces oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, glutathione oxidation, and alterations of glycolytic metabolism. Using dimedone-based reagents and copper catalyzed azo-alkynyl cycloaddition to tag intracellular protein thiol oxidation, we demonstrate that exposure of HAEC to micromolar levels of ISOPOOH induces reversible oxidation of cysteinyl thiols in multiple intracellular proteins, including GAPDH, that was accompanied by a dose-dependent loss of GAPDH enzymatic activity. These results demonstrate that ISOPOOH induces an oxidative modification of intracellular proteins that results in loss of GAPDH activity, which ultimately impacts the dynamic regulation of the intracellular redox homeostatic landscape in HAEC.
Topics: Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Epithelial Cells; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Hemiterpenes; Peroxides
PubMed: 38810423
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103199 -
PloS One 2024The examination of photocatalyst powders for the total removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions is a vital research subject within the realm of environmental...
The examination of photocatalyst powders for the total removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions is a vital research subject within the realm of environmental preservation. The objective of this study is to develop a photocatalyst heterojunction consisting of Zingiber/ZnO-H for the degradation of both the reactive red dye (RR 141) and ofloxacin antibiotic in wastewater. The current investigation outlines the process of synthesising a composite material by combining Zingiber montanum extract with zinc oxide (ZnO) by a hydrothermal method. The synthesis was conducted at a temperature of 180°C for a period of 4 hours. Consequently. The photocatalyst with a constructed heterojunction shown a notable enhancement in its photocatalytic activity as a result of the improved efficiency in charge separation at the interface. The application of economically viable solar energy facilitated the complete eradication of harmful pollutants through the process of detoxification. The removal of impurities occurs by a process that follows a first-order kinetics. Among the pollutants, RR141 demonstrates the greatest rate constant at 0.02 min-1, while ofloxacin has a rate constant of 0.01 min-1. The assessment of the stability of the produced photocatalyst was conducted after undergoing five cycles. This study additionally investigated the influence of sunshine on degradation, uncovering degradation rates of 97% for RR141 and 99% for ofloxacin when exposed to UV Lamp, and degradation rates of 97% for RR141 and 95% for ofloxacin when exposed to Solar Light.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Ofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Photolysis; Azo Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Catalysis; Kinetics
PubMed: 38805514
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300402 -
Environmental Research Sep 2024There has been significant attention on the efficient degradation of pollutants in wastewater using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) photocatalytic methods over the past...
There has been significant attention on the efficient degradation of pollutants in wastewater using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) photocatalytic methods over the past decade. Herein, we examined the elimination of two different types of water-contaminating dyes, specifically cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye methyl orange (MO), through the application of bimetal Cu/Ni-BTC@SiO MOF as high performance photocatalyst. The bimetal Cu/Ni-BTC@SiO photocatalyst was synthesized and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, BET, DRS, and VSM techniques. The examination of the impact of different operational factors on the elimination of pollutants involved a comprehensive analysis of variables including the photocatalyst type, initial pollutant concentration, quantity of photocatalyst, and pH levels. The highest removal efficiency for MO and MB dyes by the photocatalyst was found to be 98 and 71%, respectively, within 60 min. In the fifth reaction stage, degradation efficiency for MO and MB was 76 and 56% respectively. Kinetic investigations demonstrated that, in the context of the uptake of MB and MO dyes, the interparticle diffusion, and pseudo-second-order models emerged as possessing the most robust correlation coefficients with the experimental data, registering values of 0.988 and 0.961, respectively. The examination of isotherms reveals that the isotherm models proposed by BET, and Anderson (V) demonstrate the highest level of conformity with the empirical data for the decomposition of MB and MO dyes, correspondingly. The TOC levels decreased significantly from 51 to 14 and 47 to 3 mg/L for MB and MO dyes, indicating the effective mineralization process using Cu/Ni-BTC@SiO.
Topics: Copper; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Silicon Dioxide; Methylene Blue; Azo Compounds; Coloring Agents; Nickel; Catalysis; Kinetics
PubMed: 38797465
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119229 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 20241-(3-aryl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminones) derivatives and the diazonium salt of -chloroaniline were used to synthesize several novel disperse azo dyes...
1-(3-aryl)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminones) derivatives and the diazonium salt of -chloroaniline were used to synthesize several novel disperse azo dyes with high yield and the use of an environmentally friendly approach. At 100 and 130 °C, we dyed polyester fabrics using the new synthesized disperse dyes. At various temperatures, the dyed fabrics' color intensity was assessed. The results we obtained showed that dyeing utilizing a high temperature method at 130 °C was enhanced than dyeing utilizing a low temperature method at 100 °C. Reusing dye baths once or twice was a way to achieve two goals at the same time. The first was obtaining a dyed product at no cost, and the second was a way to treat the wastewater of dyeing bath effluents and reuse it again. Good results were obtained for the fastness characteristics of polyester dyed with disperse dyes. When the disperse dyes were tested against certain types of microbes and cancer cells, they demonstrated good and encouraging findings for the potential to be used as antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Polyesters; Coloring Agents; Textiles; Humans; Anti-Infective Agents; Azo Compounds; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38792089
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102227