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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Blocking virulence is a promising alternative to counteract infections. In this regard, the phenomenon of cell-cell communication by quorum sensing (QS) is an important...
Blocking virulence is a promising alternative to counteract infections. In this regard, the phenomenon of cell-cell communication by quorum sensing (QS) is an important anti-virulence target. In this field, fatty acids (FA) have gained notoriety for their role as autoinducers, as well as anti-virulence molecules , like some saturated FA (SAFA). In this study, we analyzed the anti-virulence activity of SAFA with 12 to18 carbon atoms and compared their effect with the putative autoinducer -2-decenoic acid (CDA). The effect of SAFA on six QS-regulated virulence factors and on the secretion of the exoenzyme ExoU was evaluated. In addition, a murine cutaneous infection model was used to determine their influence on the establishment and damage caused by PA14. Dodecanoic (lauric, C12:0) and tetradecanoic (myristic, C14:0) acids (SAFA C12-14) reduced the production of pyocyanin by 35-58% at 40 and 1,000 µM, while CDA inhibited it 62% at a 3.1 µM concentration. Moreover, the SAFA C12-14 reduced swarming by 90% without affecting biofilm formation. In contrast, CDA reduced the biofilm by 57% at 3 µM but did not affect swarming. Furthermore, lauric and myristic acids abolished ExoU secretion at 100 and 50 µM respectively, while CDA reduced it by ≈ 92% at 100 µM. Remarkably, the coadministration of myristic acid (200 and 1,000 µM) with PA14 induced greater damage and reduced survival of the animals up to 50%, whereas CDA to 500 µM reduced the damage without affecting the viability of the PA14 strain. Hence, our results show that SAFA C12-14 and CDA have a role in regulation of virulence, although their inhibition/activation molecular mechanisms are different in complex environments such as systems.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Mice; Myristic Acids; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33585272
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.597517 -
Nutrients Feb 2021Royal jelly (RJ) demand is growing every year and so is the market for functional foods in general. RJ is formed by different substances, mainly carbohydrates, proteins,... (Review)
Review
Royal jelly (RJ) demand is growing every year and so is the market for functional foods in general. RJ is formed by different substances, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, but also vitamins, minerals, and phenolic or volatile compounds in lower proportion. Major royal jelly proteins (MRJP) are, together with 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), key substances of RJ due to their different biological properties. In particular, 10-HDA is a unique substance in this product. RJ has been historically employed as health enhancer and is still very relevant in China due to the traditional medicine and the apitherapy. Nowadays, it is mainly consumed as a functional food or is found in supplements and other formulations for its health-beneficial properties. Within these properites, anti-lipidemic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiaging, and estrogenic activities have been reported for RJ or its specific components. This manuscript is aimed at reviewing the current knowledge on RJ components, their assessment in terms of authenticity, their biological activities, and related health applications.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apitherapy; Bees; Estrogens; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Functional Food; Hypolipidemic Agents; Immunologic Factors; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Neuroprotective Agents
PubMed: 33562330
DOI: 10.3390/nu13020543 -
Biomolecules Jan 2021The occurrence and diversity of and in maize seeds and their role in this cereal are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and...
The occurrence and diversity of and in maize seeds and their role in this cereal are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and communities found in endosphere of maize seeds collected from fields in Poland and their potential to form selected bioactive substances. The sequencing of the internally transcribed spacer regions 1 (ITS 1) and 2 (ITS2) and the large-subunit (LSU, 28S) of the rRNA gene cluster resulted in the identification of 17 strains, three and five isolates. The assay on solid substrate showed that and can synthesize bassianolide, vertilecanin A, vertilecanin A methyl ester, 2-decenedioic acid and 10-hydroxy-8-decenoic acid. This is also the first study revealing the ability of these two species to produce beauvericin and enniatin B1, respectively. Moreover, for the first time in the present investigation, pyrrocidine A and/or B have been annotated as metabolites of and . The production of toxic, insecticidal and antibacterial compounds in cultures of and suggests the requirement to revise the approach to study the biological role of fungi inhabiting maize seeds.
Topics: Hypocreales; Mycotoxins; Secondary Metabolism; Seeds; Species Specificity; Zea mays
PubMed: 33451141
DOI: 10.3390/biom11010098 -
BioMed Research International 202010-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), also known as royal jelly acid, has a variety of physiological functions, and recent studies have shown that it also has anticancer...
10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), also known as royal jelly acid, has a variety of physiological functions, and recent studies have shown that it also has anticancer effects. However, its anticancer mechanisms have not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of 10-HDA in A549 human lung cancer cells. We used Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, scratch wound healing assay, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis to investigate its apoptotic effects and underlying mechanism. Our results showed that 10-HDA inhibited the proliferation of three types of human lung cancer cells and had no significant toxic effects on normal cells. Accompanying reactive oxygen species (ROS), 10-HDA induced A549 cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial-associated apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in a time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, 10-HDA also regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) signaling pathways by increasing the expression levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p-p38, and I-B, and additionally, by decreasing the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-STAT3, and NF-B. These effects were blocked by MAPK inhibitors and -acetyl-L-cysteine. Furthermore, 10-HDA inhibited cell migration by regulating transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-1), SNAI1, GSK-3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Taken together, the results of this study showed that 10-HDA induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells through ROS-mediated MAPK, STAT3, NF-B, and TGF-1 signaling pathways. Therefore, 10-HDA may be a potential therapy for human lung cancer.
Topics: A549 Cells; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Membrane Potentials; Mitochondria; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; Phosphorylation; Reactive Oxygen Species; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
PubMed: 33376719
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3042636 -
Chemosphere Jan 2021Honey bees provision glandular secretions in the form of royal jelly as larval nourishment to developing queens. Exposure to chemicals and nutritional conditions can...
Honey bees provision glandular secretions in the form of royal jelly as larval nourishment to developing queens. Exposure to chemicals and nutritional conditions can influence queen development and thus impact colony fitness. Previous research reports that royal jelly remains pesticide-free during colony-level exposure and that chemical residues are buffered by the nurse bees. However, the impacts of pesticides can also manifest in quality and quantity of royal jelly produced by nurse bees. Here, we tested how colony exposure to a multi-pesticide pollen treatment influences the amount of royal jelly provisioned per queen and the additional impacts on royal jelly nutritional quality. We observed differences in the metabolome, proteome, and phytosterol compositions of royal jelly synthesized by nurse bees from multi-pesticide exposed colonies, including significant reductions of key nutrients such as 24-methylenecholesterol, major royal jelly proteins, and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid. Additionally, quantity of royal jelly provisioned per queen was lower in colonies exposed to pesticides, but this effect was colony-dependent. Pesticide treatment had a greater impact on royal jelly nutritional composition than the weight of royal jelly provisioned per queen cell. These novel findings highlight the indirect effects of pesticide exposure on queen developmental nutrition and allude to social consequences of nurse bee glandular degeneration.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Fatty Acids; Larva; Pesticides; Pollen
PubMed: 33297150
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128183 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2021Drawbacks associated with the use of chemical fungicides to control plant pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea stimulate the need for alternatives. Therefore, the...
Drawbacks associated with the use of chemical fungicides to control plant pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea stimulate the need for alternatives. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the antifungal potentials of Moringa oleifera extracts against B. cinerea. Phytochemical analysis using qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of huge amount of crucial phytochemicals compounds like phenolic compounds, alkaloids and saponins in the M. oleifera leaf extract. Antifungal bioassay of the crude extracts indicated better mycelial growth inhibition by methanol leaf extract (99%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 5 mg/ml with 100% spore germination inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 10 mg/ml with 98.10% mycelial growth inhibition using broth micro dilution and poisoned food techniques. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis led to the identification of 67 volatile chemical compounds in the leaf extract with 6-decenoic acid (Z)- (19.87%) was the predominant compound. Further chemical elucidation of the crude extracts performed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed the presence of non-volatile chemical compounds, mostly flavones, flavonoids and phenolic acids (i.e. quercetin and kaempferol). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed positive effect of M. oleifera leaf extract on the treated conidia and mycelium of B. cinerea. Findings revealed that irreversible surface and ultra-structural changes with severe detrimental effects on conidia and mycelium morphology compared to control treatment. Overall findings suggested that M. oleifera leaf extract is a promising candidate for biological control of fungal pathogens, thus limiting overdependence on chemical fungicides.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Botrytis; Chromatography, Liquid; Solanum lycopersicum; Moringa oleifera; Plant Extracts; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 33175006
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.233173 -
Nutrients Oct 2020Honeybees produce royal jelly (RJ) from their cephalic glands. Royal jelly is a source of nutrition for the queen honey bee throughout its lifespan and is also involved...
Honeybees produce royal jelly (RJ) from their cephalic glands. Royal jelly is a source of nutrition for the queen honey bee throughout its lifespan and is also involved in fertility and longevity. Royal jelly has long been considered beneficial to human health. We recently observed that RJ delayed impairment of motor function during aging, affecting muscle fiber size. However, how RJ affects skeletal muscle metabolism and the functional component of RJ is as of yet unidentified. We demonstrate that feeding mice with RJ daily prevents a decrease in myofiber size following denervation without affecting total muscle weight. RJ did not affect atrophy-related genes but stimulated the expression of myogenesis-related genes, including and . Trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) and 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10HDAA), two major fatty acids contained in RJ. After ingestion, 10H2DA and 10HDAA are metabolized into 2-decenedioic acid (2DA) and sebacic acid (SA) respectively. We found that 10H2DA, 10HDAA, 2DA, and SA all regulated myogenesis of C2C12 cells, murine myoblast cells. These novel findings may be useful for potential preventative and therapeutic applications for muscle atrophy disease included in Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Decanoic Acids; Denervation; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Muscle Development; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Myoblasts; Peptide Hydrolases; Receptor, IGF Type 1; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 33050588
DOI: 10.3390/nu12103089 -
Journal of Proteome Research Oct 2020The characterization of volatile compounds in biological fluids offers a distinct approach to study the metabolic imprint of foods on the human metabolome, particularly... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The characterization of volatile compounds in biological fluids offers a distinct approach to study the metabolic imprint of foods on the human metabolome, particularly to identify novel biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) that are not captured by classic metabolomics. Using a combination of dynamic headspace vacuum transfer In Trap extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we measured volatile compounds (the "volatilome") in plasma and urine samples from a randomized controlled crossover intervention study in which 11 healthy subjects ingested milk, cheese, or a soy-based drink. More than 2000 volatile compounds were detected in plasma, while 1260 compounds were detected in urine samples. A postprandial response in plasma was confirmed for 697 features. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified four molecules in plasma and 31 molecules in urine samples differentiating the ingestion of the foods, of which three metabolites in plasma and nine in urine were specific to the dairy products. Among these molecules, heptan-2-one, 3,5-dimethyloctan-2-one, and undecan-2-one in plasma and 3-ethylphenol, heptan-2-one, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, and 9-decenoic acid were highly discriminative for dairy or cheese intake. In urine, 22 volatile compounds were highly discriminative for soy-based drink intake. The majority of these molecules have not been reported in humans. Our findings highlight the potential of plasma and urinary volatilomics for detection of novel dietary biomarkers.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cheese; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Milk
PubMed: 32880181
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00324 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 2020The supplementation of royal jelly (RJ) is known to provide a variety of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. RJ treatment also...
The supplementation of royal jelly (RJ) is known to provide a variety of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. RJ treatment also reportedly protects against bone loss, but no single factor in RJ has yet been identified as an anti-osteoporosis agent. Here we fractionated RJ and identified 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) as a key component involved in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis based on mass spectrometric analysis. We further demonstrated free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) as directly interacting with 10H2DA; binding of 10H2DA to FFAR4 on osteoclasts inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced activation of NF-κB signaling, thereby attenuating the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1, a key transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. Oral administration of 10H2DA attenuated bone resorption in ovariectomized mice. These results suggest a potential therapeutic approach of targeting osteoclast differentiation by the supplementation of RJ, and specifically 10H2DA, in cases of pathological bone loss such as occur in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Mice; NF-kappa B; NFATC Transcription Factors; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; RANK Ligand; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32647011
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.013821 -
PloS One 2020In this study, we were challenging to identify characteristic compounds in breast cancer cell lines. GC analysis of extracts from the culture media of breast cancer cell...
In this study, we were challenging to identify characteristic compounds in breast cancer cell lines. GC analysis of extracts from the culture media of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and YMB-1) using a solid-phase Porapak Q extraction revealed that two compounds of moderate volatility, 1-hexadecanol and 5-(Z)-dodecenoic acid, were detected with markedly higher amount than those in the medium of fibroblast cell line (KMST-6). Furthermore, LC-TOF/MS analysis of the extracts clarified that in addition to the above two fatty acids, the amounts of five unsaturated fatty acids [decenoic acid (C10:1), decadienoic acid (C10:2), 5-(Z)-dodecenoic acid (C12:1), 5-(Z)-tetradecenoic acid (C14:1), and tetradecadienoic acid (C14:2)] in MCF-7 medium were higher than those in medium of KMST-6. Interestingly, H2O2-oxidation of 5-(Z)-dodecenoic acid and 5-(Z)-tetradecenoic acid produced volatile aldehydes that were reported as specific volatiles in breath from various cancer patients, such as heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, 2-(E)-nonenal, and 2-(E)-octenal. Thus, we concluded that these identified compounds over-produced in breast cancer cells in this study could serve as potential precursors producing reported cancer-specific volatiles.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Fatty Acids; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Solid Phase Microextraction; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 32598404
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235442