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Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024The present study reviews the current literature regarding the utilization of the extended finite element method (XFEM) in clinical and experimental endodontic studies... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The present study reviews the current literature regarding the utilization of the extended finite element method (XFEM) in clinical and experimental endodontic studies and the suitability of XFEM in the assessment of cyclic fatigue in rotary endodontic nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic literature search was conducted using the appropriate search terms, and the titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. The search yielded 13 hits after duplicates were removed, and four studies met the inclusion criteria for review.
RESULTS
No studies to date have utilized XFEM to study cyclic fatigue or crack propagation in rotary endodontic NiTi instruments. Challenges such as modelling material inputs and fatigue criteria could explain the lack of utilization of XFEM in the analysis of mechanical behavior in NiTi instruments.
CONCLUSIONS
The review showed that XFEM was seldom employed in endodontic literature. Recent work suggests potential promise in using XFEM for modelling NiTi structures.
Topics: Humans; Dental Alloys; Dental Instruments; Endodontics; Finite Element Analysis; Materials Testing; Nickel; Root Canal Preparation; Stress, Mechanical; Titanium
PubMed: 38770579
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.893 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... May 2024Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication following joint replacement. The development of bacterial biofilms bestows antibiotic resistance and restricts...
BACKGROUND
Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication following joint replacement. The development of bacterial biofilms bestows antibiotic resistance and restricts treatment via implant retention surgery. Electromagnetic induction heating is a novel technique for antibacterial treatment of metallic surfaces that has demonstrated in-vitro efficacy. Previous studies have always employed stationary, non-portable devices. This study aims to assess the in-vitro efficacy of induction-heating disinfection of metallic surfaces using a new Portable Disinfection System based on Induction Heating.
METHODS
Mature biofilms of three bacterial species: S. epidermidis ATCC 35,984, S. aureus ATCC 25,923, E. coli ATCC 25,922, were grown on 18 × 2 mm cylindrical coupons of Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium (Ti6Al4V) or Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys. Study intervention was induction-heating of the coupon surface up to 70ºC for 210s, performed using the Portable Disinfection System (PDSIH). Temperature was monitored using thermographic imaging. For each bacterial strain and each metallic alloy, experiments and controls were conducted in triplicate. Bacterial load was quantified through scraping and drop plate techniques. Data were evaluated using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for 2 group comparison. Statistical significance was fixed at p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
All bacterial strains showed a statistically significant reduction of CFU per surface area in both materials. Bacterial load reduction amounted to 0.507 and 0.602 Log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus on Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo respectively, 5.937 and 3.500 Log10 CFU/mL for E. coli, and 1.222 and 0.372 Log10 CFU/mL for S. epidermidis.
CONCLUSIONS
Electromagnetic induction heating using PDSIH is efficacious to reduce mature biofilms of S aureus, E coli and S epidermidis growing on metallic surfaces of Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo alloys.
Topics: Biofilms; Titanium; Alloys; Disinfection; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Joint Prosthesis; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Heating; Humans; Electromagnetic Phenomena; Vitallium
PubMed: 38769535
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04785-x -
Heliyon May 2024In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 %...
In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 % neutral buffered formalin (10 % NBF), 4 % glutaric dialdehyde (4 % GD), and 4 % paraformaldehyde (4 % PFA)) was investigated to provide a valuable reference for the selection of fixatives during the histological evaluation of Mg implants. Through the hydrogen evolution test, pH test, and corrosion morphology and product characterization, it was found that corrosion proceeded slowest in the EA and 85 % EA groups, slightly faster in 4 % GD, faster in 10 % NBF, and fastest in 4 % PFA. After corrosion, the EA group surface remained unchanged, while the 85%EA group surface developed minor cracks and warping. The 4%GD fixative formed a dense needle-like protective layer on the Mg substrate. The 10%NBF group initially grew a uniform layer, but later developed irregular pits due to accelerated corrosion. In contrast, the 4%PFA solution caused more severe corrosion attributed to chloride ions. The main corrosion products in the EA and 85%EA groups were MgO and Mg(OH), while the other fixatives containing diverse ions also yielded phosphates like Mg(PO) and MgHPO. In 4 % PFA, AgCl formed on the surface of Mg6Ag alloy after corrosion. Therefore, to minimize Mg alloy corrosion without compromising staining quality, EA or 85 % EA is recommended, while 4 % PFA is not recommended due to its significant impact.
PubMed: 38765150
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30286 -
Heliyon May 2024This study aims to assess and compare the micro-shear bond strength (SBS) of a novel resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cement functionalized with a methacrylate...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to assess and compare the micro-shear bond strength (SBS) of a novel resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cement functionalized with a methacrylate co-monomer containing a phosphoric acid group, 30 wt% 2-(methacryloxy) ethyl phosphate (2-MEP), with different substrates (dentin, enamel, zirconia, and base metal alloy). This assessment is conducted in comparison with conventional resin-modified glass ionomer cement and self-adhesive resin cement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, ninety-six specimens were prepared and categorized into four groups: enamel (A), dentin (B), zirconia (C), and base metal alloys (D). Enamel (E) and dentin (D) specimens were obtained from 30 human maxillary first premolars extracted during orthodontic treatment. For zirconia and metal alloys, 48 disks were manufactured using IPS e.max ZirCAD through dry milling and Co-Cr powder alloy by selective laser milling. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 8) according to the luting cement used: (1) Fuji PLUS resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement (FP) as a control cement, (2) modified control cement (eRMGIC), and (3) RelyX U 200 (RU 200) self-adhesive resin cement. The two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD were used to assess the data obtained from measuring the SBS of the samples.
RESULTS
The results of this study showed that the mean SBS values of eRMGIC were statistically higher compared to FP in all tested groups ( < 0.001). The mean SBS results of eRMGIC were non-significantly different from those recorded by RU 200 for all substrates except for the dentin substrate, where the RU200 cement produced significantly higher strength ( < 0.001). The failure modes were limited to a combination of mixed and adhesive failures without pure cohesive failure.
SIGNIFICANCE
The functionalization of FP with an organophosphorus co-monomer (2-MEP) directly affects the adhesion performance of the functionalized cement, which may be utilized to develop a new type of acid-base cement. It exhibited a performance comparable to that of resin-based cement and should serve well under different clinical conditions.
PubMed: 38765086
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30851 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Alterations in the mechanical properties of the materials utilized in orthodontic appliances could affect the working properties of the appliances, thereby affecting... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Alterations in the mechanical properties of the materials utilized in orthodontic appliances could affect the working properties of the appliances, thereby affecting clinical progress and outcome. Numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between alloy corrosion and raised surface roughness, which has a direct impact on the working characteristics of orthodontic archwires.
METHODS
Thirty nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires were utilized in this study. Patients were randomly selected and allocated into three groups according to the randomization plan; (The control group): subjects practiced regular oral hygiene; (The fluoride group): subjects used fluoride for intensive prophylaxis; (The chlorhexidine group): subjects used chlorhexidine. Representative samples were evaluated by SEM, and then SEM images with high resolution were examined using Image J software to determine the surface roughness and obtain the results for further statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Our findings indicated a significant difference was found between the three groups regarding the anterior and posterior parts between the control and the two other groups and a non-significant difference between NaF and CHX groups. Overall, the p-value for group comparisons was 0.000 for both parts, indicating a highly significant difference especially between the control and NaF groups.
CONCLUSION
Mouthwashes containing sodium fluoride demonstrated more significant surface alterations than the control and CHX groups and should be prescribed in accordance with orthodontic materials to reduce side effects.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Fluoride; Chlorhexidine; Corrosion; Surface Properties; Orthodontic Wires; Dental Alloys; Nickel; Alloys; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Titanium; Cariostatic Agents; Male; Female; Young Adult; Mouthwashes; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Adolescent; Adult; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 38745154
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04289-4 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Oct 2023To evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal defects using hand Hedstrom files, XP-Shaper, TruNatomy, and Reciproc Blue file systems when used for oval shaped root... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
To evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal defects using hand Hedstrom files, XP-Shaper, TruNatomy, and Reciproc Blue file systems when used for oval shaped root canals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and five extracted human mandibular premolars with single root and oval canals were selected for the study. Twenty-one teeth were unprepared (control), and the remaining teeth were divided into the prepared groups (n = 21), that is, Group H-Files, Group XP-Shaper, Group TruNatomy, and Group Reciproc Blue. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth by using a diamond-coated disk with water cooling, leaving root segments approximately 16 mm in length. Each group was prepared according to the above file system. Then all roots were sectioned perpendicular to their long axes at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a diamond-coated disk under a continuous water stream. Each specimen was then checked for the presence of dentinal defects/microcracks.
RESULT
The XP-Endo shaper group had the lowest number of defects (01/21 roots) 4.7%; TN (04/21) 19%, H-Files (04/21) 19%, and RC Blue (05/21) 23.8% had the highest incidence of defects. However, no significant difference was detected among these groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files and hand files may create microcracks in the radicular dentine, whereas the XP-Shaper file system produces minimal or less cracks compared to other tested rotary file systems and H-file instrumentation.
Topics: Humans; Root Canal Preparation; Dentin; Dental Pulp Cavity; Equipment Design; Dental Instruments; Bicuspid; Dental Alloys; Nickel; Titanium; Materials Testing; Rotation
PubMed: 38739827
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_132_23 -
Cureus Apr 2024The evolution of root canal instrumentation techniques has significantly impacted the field of endodontics, enhancing both the efficiency and outcomes of treatments.... (Review)
Review
The evolution of root canal instrumentation techniques has significantly impacted the field of endodontics, enhancing both the efficiency and outcomes of treatments. This review outlines the transition from manual to mechanical and rotary instruments, highlighting the role of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys and smart technologies in advancing procedural precision and reducing patient discomfort. Key historical developments and technological innovations, such as digital imaging and navigation systems, are explored for their contributions to improved clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges presented by the complex anatomy of the root canal system and the advent of current instrumentation techniques. The potential of emerging trends, including artificial intelligence and advances in materials science, is discussed in the context of future endodontic practices. Despite the progress, challenges related to using advanced instrumentation methods, ethical considerations, and the cost factor of new technologies persist. The present review underscores the ongoing need for research and development to further refine root canal instrumentation techniques, ensuring that advancements in endodontic care remain patient-centered and accessible.
PubMed: 38738101
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58045 -
Polymers Apr 2024The goal of the study was to compare the surface characteristics of typical implant materials used in orthopedic surgery and traumatology, as these determine their...
The goal of the study was to compare the surface characteristics of typical implant materials used in orthopedic surgery and traumatology, as these determine their successful biointegration. The morphological and chemical structure of Vortex plate anodized titanium from commercially pure (CP) Grade 2 Titanium (Ti2) is generally used in the following; non-cemented total hip replacement (THR) stem and cup Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) with titanium plasma spray (TPS) coating; cemented THR stem Stainless steel (SS); total knee replacement (TKR) femoral component CoCrMo alloy (CoCr); cemented acetabular component from highly cross-linked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (HXL); and cementless acetabular liner from ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) (Sanatmetal, Ltd., Eger, Hungary) discs, all of which were examined. Visualization and elemental analysis were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry. TPS Ti presented the highest R value (25 ± 2 μm), followed by CoCr (535 ± 19 nm), Ti2 (227 ± 15 nm) and SS (170 ± 11 nm). The roughness measured in the HXL and UHMWPE surfaces was in the same range, 147 ± 13 nm and 144 ± 15 nm, respectively. EDS confirmed typical elements regarding the investigated prosthesis materials. XPS results supported the EDS results and revealed a high % of Ti on Ti2 and TPS surfaces. The results indicate that the surfaces of prosthesis materials have significantly different features, and a detailed characterization is needed to successfully apply them in orthopedic surgery and traumatology.
PubMed: 38732662
DOI: 10.3390/polym16091193 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Releasing of metal ions might implicate in allergic reaction as a negative subsequent of the corrosion of Stainless Steel (SS304) orthodontic wires. The aim of this...
BACKGROUND
Releasing of metal ions might implicate in allergic reaction as a negative subsequent of the corrosion of Stainless Steel (SS304) orthodontic wires. The aim of this study was to evaluate the corrosion resistance of zinc-coated (Zn-coated) SS orthodontic wires.
METHODS
Zinc coating was applied on SS wires by PVD method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic polarization tests and Tafel analysis methods were used to predict the corrosion behavior of Zn-coated and uncoated SS wires in both neutral and acidic environments.
RESULTS
The values of E ,i and Rwhich were the electrochemical corrosion characteristics, reported better corrosion behavior of Zn-coated SS wires against uncoated ones in both artificial saliva and fluoride-containing environments. Experimental results of the Tafel plot analyses were consistent with that of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses for both biological solutions.
CONCLUSION
Applying Zn coating on bare SS orthodontic wire by PVD method might increase the corrosion resistance of the underlying stainless-steel substrate.
Topics: Corrosion; Stainless Steel; Orthodontic Wires; Zinc; Dielectric Spectroscopy; Saliva, Artificial; Materials Testing; Dental Alloys; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Fluorides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Humans; Surface Properties; Potentiometry
PubMed: 38725023
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04242-5 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2024To assess the long-term clinical performance of ceramic in-/onlays (CIOs) and cast gold partial crowns (CGPCs) in posterior teeth in terms of success, survival,...
OBJECTIVES
To assess the long-term clinical performance of ceramic in-/onlays (CIOs) and cast gold partial crowns (CGPCs) in posterior teeth in terms of success, survival, complications (biological, technical) and quality.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In a retrospective study, a total of 325 patients were recorded after up to 24.8 years (mean 13.9 ± 3.8 years) having (pre-)molars restored with CIO (Empress I, Ivoclar Vivadent, n = 161) and CGPC (Degunorm, DeguDent, n = 164) by supervised undergraduate students. A total of 296 restorations were assessed clinically and radiologically in healthy and endodontically treated teeth using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Cumulative success and survival rates of the restorations were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Biological and technical complications were recorded. Status of oral health comprising caries risk and localized periodontitis were assessed.
RESULTS
The cumulative success rates of CIOs were 92.1% and of CGPCs 84.2% after mean service times of 14.5 years. The annual failure rates of total service times were 0.5% in teeth restored with CIO (n = 155) and 0.7% in teeth restored with CGPC (n = 163). The cumulative survival rates of CIOs were 93.9% after a mean service time of 15.2 years and decreased to 91.7% after 23.5 years. The cumulative survival rates of CGPCs were 92.6% after a mean service time of 14.9 years and 91.8% after 23.5 years. Complications in CIOs (n = 149) were ceramic fracture (6.7%), secondary caries (4.7%), endodontic complication (2.7%) and tooth fracture (1.3%) compared to CGPCs (n = 147) with endodontic complication (8.8%), secondary caries (4.8%) and decementation (2.0%). Endodontically treated teeth restored with CIO or CGPC revealed significantly less often success compared with corresponding vital teeth (p = .02). CIOs and CGPCs revealed clinically and radiographically good and excellent qualities with 71.8% (107/149) and 68% (100/147) without any significant differences regarding type of restoration.
CONCLUSIONS
Both CIOs and CGPCs achieved high survival rates up to 24.8 years when performed by supervised undergraduate students. The longevity of the restorations may benefit from the intraoral repair of accessible defects and, in case of pulp infection or necrosis, an adequate endodontic management.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
CIOs and CGPCs made by supervised undergraduate students are proper restoration types in posterior teeth in the long-term. An adequate preparation design, meticulous care in the inserting technique and constant biofilm removal due to proper oral hygiene combined with professional maintenance care are substantial. The clinical long-term performance was mostly limited by ceramic fractures in CIOs and endodontic complications in CGPCs.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Crowns; Dental Restoration Failure; Female; Male; Adult; Inlays; Ceramics; Gold Alloys; Dental Caries; Dental Porcelain; Middle Aged; Dental Prosthesis Design; Tooth, Nonvital; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38702521
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05682-7