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BMC Psychology Jun 2024This prospective study explored the impact of aligners on the oral health-related quality of life and anxiety of patients during the first month of orthodontic treatment...
BACKGROUND
This prospective study explored the impact of aligners on the oral health-related quality of life and anxiety of patients during the first month of orthodontic treatment and the first month of the retention phase.
METHODS
A total of 23 male and female patients (median age 25 y) treated with clear aligners were included. The OHRQoL questionnaire was used at certain time points during treatment (T1: placement of the first aligner; T2: after one day of use; T3: after seven days; T4: after one month; and T5: after one month in the retention phase). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was also self-administered to assess state and trait anxiety (Y1 and Y2 subscales, respectively) at the T1, T4 and T5 time points. A population average generalized estimating equations logistic regression model was fit to assess the effect of time on the responses, and the Wald test was used to examine the overall effect of time.
RESULTS
Overall time was a significant predictor for most of the questions. However, time was marginally significant for the OHRQoL questions evaluating oral symptoms such as bad taste/smell, sores, and food accumulation. Tooth discolouration did not differ between time points. The general activity disturbance was significantly lower in the retention phase. Higher depression and anxiety scores were reported at the initial appointment and decreased thereafter.
CONCLUSIONS
CAT has a negative impact on quality of life and psychological status during the initial days of treatment. These impairments ameliorate at later treatment stages.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Male; Female; Pilot Projects; Oral Health; Prospective Studies; Adult; Anxiety; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38867321
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01834-2 -
Medical Education Online Dec 2024Non-clinical approaches such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness are popular traditional therapeutical interventions adopted by many educational institutions to improve... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Non-clinical approaches such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness are popular traditional therapeutical interventions adopted by many educational institutions to improve the physical and mental well-being of learners. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga intervention in improving cardiopulmonary parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary function tests and psychosomatic symptoms such as depression, anxiety and stress in medical and dental students. Using the PRISMA protocol, a search from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Embase resulted in 304 relevant articles. After screening the title and abstracts, 47 papers were analyzed thoroughly and included in the qualitative analysis. 18 articles with homogenous statistical data on physiology and psychological parameters were included for meta-analysis. In comparison to the control group, the study showed a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP: 6.82 mmHg, z = -3.06, = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (DBP: 2.92 mmHg, z = -2.22, = 0.03), and heart rate (HR: 2.55 beats/min, z = -2.77, = 0.006). Additionally, data from 4 studies yielded a significant overall effect of a stress reduction of 0.77 on standardized assessments due to the yoga intervention (z = 5.29, < 0.0001). Lastly, the results also showed a significant (z = -2.52, = 0.01) reduction of 1.2 in standardized anxiety tests in intervention group compared to the control. The findings offer promising prospects for medical educators globally, encouraging them to consider reformation and policymaking in medical curricula to enhance academic success and improve the overall quality of life for medical students worldwide.
Topics: Yoga; Humans; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Stress, Psychological; Anxiety; Education, Medical; Depression; Students, Medical; Respiratory Function Tests
PubMed: 38861675
DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2364486 -
Environmental Health : a Global Access... Jun 2024Mental illness is the leading cause of years lived with disability, and the global disease burden of mental ill-health has increased substantially in the last number of...
BACKGROUND
Mental illness is the leading cause of years lived with disability, and the global disease burden of mental ill-health has increased substantially in the last number of decades. There is now increasing evidence that environmental conditions, and in particular poor air quality, may be associated with mental health and wellbeing.
METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis uses data on mental health and wellbeing from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative survey of the population aged 50+ in Ireland. Annual average PM concentrations at respondents' residential addresses over the period 1998-2014 are used to measure long-term exposure to ambient PM.
RESULTS
We find evidence of associations between long-term exposure to ambient PM and depression and anxiety. The measured associations are strong, and are comparable with effect sizes for variables such as sex. Effects are also evident at relatively low concentrations by international standards. However, we find no evidence of associations between long-term ambient particulate pollution and other indicators of mental health and well-being such as stress, worry and quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
The measured associations are strong, particularly considering the relatively low PM concentrations prevailing in Ireland compared to many other countries. While it is estimated that over 90 per cent of the world's population lives in areas with annual mean PM concentrations greater than 10 μg/m, these results contribute to the increasing evidence that suggests that harmful effects can be detected at even low levels of air pollution.
Topics: Ireland; Particulate Matter; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Aged; Environmental Exposure; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Mental Health; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anxiety; Aged, 80 and over; Depression; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 38858702
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01093-z -
Industrial Psychiatry Journal 2024Depression and anxiety are common among patients with diabetes mellitus and it affects the control of diabetes negatively. Depression is the third leading reason for the...
BACKGROUND
Depression and anxiety are common among patients with diabetes mellitus and it affects the control of diabetes negatively. Depression is the third leading reason for the most disability-adjusted life years. Once depression coexists with diabetes mellitus, it is related to major health consequences and ends up in poor health outcomes.
AIM
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression in diabetes mellitus people and to find an association of depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and clinical predictors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending follow-ups at the general public hospital, in western Gujarat.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It is an institutional-based cross-sectional study conducted among people living with diabetes mellitus at Tertiary Hospitals, Urban Health Training Center, and Rural Health Training Center. The study period was from January 2023 to May 2023. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. The collected data were cleaned, edited, entered into MS Excel (2006), and analyzed using SPSS software (version 26). A value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
A total of 380 study participants were included in this study. Among 380 participants, 282 (74%) were having depressive symptoms. Of 282, 61 (21.6%) have mild depressive symptoms, 106 (37.5%) have moderate symptoms, 111 (39%) have moderately severe symptoms, and four (1.4%) have severe symptoms. Of 380 participants, 221 (58%) have clinical depression (moderate, moderately severe, and severe symptoms). Variables significantly associated with depression were marital status, number of family members, socio-economic status, type of diabetes mellitus, treatment given, presence of comorbidities, and duration of diabetes more than 5 years.
CONCLUSION
The present study has shown a considerably higher amount of depression in diabetic participants. So, healthcare professionals should consider screening for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 or other validated tools in all diabetic patients, especially in those who are at a higher risk.
PubMed: 38853804
DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_151_23 -
Cureus May 2024Effective patient education and communication are integral components of quality dental care, contributing to informed decision-making, treatment compliance, and... (Review)
Review
Effective patient education and communication are integral components of quality dental care, contributing to informed decision-making, treatment compliance, and positive clinical outcomes. However, traditional methods face challenges such as language barriers, anxiety, and information retention issues. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents innovative solutions to enhance patient engagement and communication in dentistry. This review explores the transformative role of AI in redefining patient education and communication strategies, focusing on applications, benefits, challenges, and future directions. A literature search identified articles from 2018 to 2024, encompassing empirical evidence and conceptual frameworks related to AI in dental patient engagement and communication. Key findings reveal AI's potential to offer personalized educational materials, virtual consultations, language translation tools, and virtual reality simulations, improving patient understanding and experience. Despite advancements, concerns about overreliance, accuracy, implementation costs, patient acceptance, privacy, and regulatory compliance persist. Future implications suggest AI's ability to track patient progress, analyze feedback, streamline administrative processes, and provide ongoing support, enhancing oral health outcomes. However, ethical, regulatory, and equity considerations require attention for responsible AI deployment and widespread adoption. Overall, AI holds promise for revolutionizing dental patient education, communication, and care delivery, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies to address emerging challenges and maximize benefits.
PubMed: 38846249
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59799 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024To the best of our knowledge, dental school students have never been evaluated for stress, anxiety, burnout, physiological indexes during a 24-h working day, and...
Psychophysiological wellbeing in a class of dental students attending dental school: anxiety, burnout, post work executive performance and a 24 hours physiological investigation during a working day.
AIM
To the best of our knowledge, dental school students have never been evaluated for stress, anxiety, burnout, physiological indexes during a 24-h working day, and executive function performance post-work and post-work after returning from vacation; therefore, this research has been conducted.
METHODS
Data were acquired at the Dental School of the University of Padua on 16 students in their 4th year, far from the exam session. While performing clinical activity on the dental chair and during a working day, electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate variability (HRV), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Participants' stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10 scale) and anxiety with the General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y-2), while burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS). Executive functions were evaluated using the Tower of London test (TOL-R).
RESULTS
Three students (2F/1M) had a GAD-7 score ≥ 10. Five students (4F/1M) showed trait anxiety. Moderate levels of perceived stress were reported in 85% of participants. MBI-HSS showed that 7 participants scored high on emotional exhaustion and 7 on depersonalization. TOL-R performance (M = 15.85, SD = 4.01) was below the normative value < 0.00001. A second test, after the holidays, showed normal values. EDA was higher during children's treatment ( < 0.05), ANOVA showed high HR during working time ( < 0.001), and HRV was higher in males ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Based on the sample size evaluated, it is reported that being a dental student has a moderate impact on stress, anxiety, and burnout while a strong impact on executive functions buffered by rest.
PubMed: 38845771
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1344970 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Soundscape in dental clinics has varying degrees of impact on the emotions of healthcare workers and young patients. Emotions such as restlessness, anxiety, anger, and...
INTRODUCTION
Soundscape in dental clinics has varying degrees of impact on the emotions of healthcare workers and young patients. Emotions such as restlessness, anxiety, anger, and nervousness are commonly found among dental healthcare workers. Pediatric dental clinics are an important part of dental clinics, but there is a lack of research on the soundscape within pediatric dental clinics.
METHODS
This study focuses on a typical pediatric dental clinic, using a combination of field questionnaires and objective measurements. It aims to determine the impact of dominant sound sources on the emotional perception (nervousness, restlessness, anger, fear, pain) and hostile emotional responses of users in the pediatric dental clinic.
RESULTS
In the soundscape of pediatric dental clinics for young pediatric patients, users experience negative emotional perceptions (nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, anger, fear, and pain) and emotional responses of hostility. The dominant sound sources can be divided into two categories: dental (dental drill, air-water syringe, and saliva ejector) and nondental (children crying). Under the influence of dental dominant sound sources, there was a significant negative correlation between the emotional perceptions of healthcare workers and their negative emotional perceptions ( < 0.05). Conversely, for young pediatric patients aged 0-11 years, a significant positive correlation was observed between their emotional perceptions and negative emotional perceptions. The mean perceived degrees of nervousness and fear in young pediatric patients were 1.82 and 1.71 times stronger, respectively, than those observed in healthcare workers. Under the influence of non-dental dominant sound sources, the average degree of emotional perception among healthcare workers was 0.71 higher than that of young pediatric patients, and anxiety perception was significantly enhanced ( < 0.05). The mean degree of nervousness perception was 1 point higher in healthcare workers compared to young pediatric patients, restlessness perception was 1.1 stronger, and there was a presence of mild pain perception. In terms of demographic/social factors, age, occupation, and years of work significantly affected the perceptions of fear and restlessness among healthcare workers, while age had a significant impact on the emotional reaction of hostility in young pediatric patients.
DISCUSSION
The results of this study indicate that the soundscape is an important factor in creating a comfortable treatment environment in pediatric dental clinics. Healthcare workers and young pediatric patients are significantly affected by the dominant sound sources in the clinic, and these effects are closely related to demographic and social factors such as age, profession, and years of experience. This finding can provide more targeted methods and strategies for the design and creation of soundscapes in dental clinics.
PubMed: 38845766
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1379450 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dental anxiety among Chinese adults in Hong Kong.
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and dental anxiety among Chinese adults in Hong Kong.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a university in Hong Kong. The recruiting period and data collection started in January 2023 and ended in June 2023. Participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed ACEs (using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire - ACE-IQ) and dental anxiety (using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale - MDAS and Dental Fear Survey - DFS). The study examined the impacts of both cumulative (i.e., total number) and independent ACE components on dental anxiety. To explore the relationships between cumulative ACEs, individual ACE components and dental anxiety (MDAS and DFS score), Pearson correlations, linear regression and logistic regression were conducted.
RESULTS
Significant associations were observed between ACEs and dental anxiety among 171 subjects. Cumulative ACEs were positively correlated with MDAS scores ( = 0.169, = 0.027) and DFS scores ( = 0.253, < 0.001). The odds of an individual having high dental anxiety increased by 26-43% for every additional increase in the number of ACEs. Individual types of ACEs, such as emotional and physical neglect, sexual abuse, and household substance abuse, significantly influenced the likelihood of having high dental anxiety.
DISCUSSION
The results showed a positive association between ACEs and dental anxiety, highlighting the impact of ACEs on dental anxiety. Dental practitioners should consider inquiring about a patient's ACE history to develop personalized treatment plans.
PubMed: 38840746
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372177 -
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain... Jun 2024Distraction is a technique used to divert a patient's attention from unpleasant procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscopy, virtual...
BACKGROUND
Distraction is a technique used to divert a patient's attention from unpleasant procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscopy, virtual reality, and video games in reducing anxiety and pain during invasive dental procedures in children.
METHODS
Sixty-six children aged 6 to 9 years were randomly assigned to three groups during local anesthesia administration: Group 1 (kaleidoscope), Group 2 (virtual reality), and Group 3 (mobile video games). The anxiety of the children was evaluated using physiological measures (heart rate) at three different time points: before, during, and after the procedure. The Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale was used as a subjective measure before and after the procedure. Subjective measures of pain were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
RESULTS
In the intergroup comparison, there were no statistically significant differences in the physiological measures of anxiety scores between the three groups before, during, and after distraction. Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale scores were assessed before and after distraction, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Among the three groups, the children in Group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain scores.
CONCLUSION
Compared with kaleidoscopes and video games, virtual reality is a promising distraction technique for reducing dental fear, anxiety, and pain during local anesthesia administration in children.
PubMed: 38840651
DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2024.24.3.195 -
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain... Jun 2024The efficient management of pain and discomfort is essential for successful dental treatment and patient compliance. Dental professionals are commonly evaluated for... (Review)
Review
The efficient management of pain and discomfort is essential for successful dental treatment and patient compliance. Dental professionals are commonly evaluated for their ability to perform treatment with minimal patient discomfort. Despite advancements in traditional local dental anesthesia techniques, the pain and discomfort associated with injections remain a concern. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on novel dental anesthetics and associated devices designed to alleviate pain and discomfort during dental procedures. The Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were used to prepare the review. Six databases and two sources of gray literature were searched. This review analyzed 107 sources from 1994 to 2023. Local anesthesia devices were grouped into computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) systems, intraosseous anesthesia (IOA), vibratory stimulation devices, and electronic dental anesthesia (EDA). CCLAD systems, particularly the Wand and Single-Tooth Anesthesia, have been the most researched, with mixed results regarding their effectiveness in reducing pain during needle insertion compared to traditional syringes. However, CCLAD systems often demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain during anesthetic deposition, especially during palatal injections. Limited studies on IOA devices have reported effective pain alleviation. Vibrating devices have shown inconsistent results in terms of pain reduction, with some studies suggesting their primary benefit is during needle insertion rather than during the administration phase. EDA devices are effective in reducing discomfort but have found limited applicability. These findings suggest that the CCLAD systems reduce injection pain and discomfort. However, the evidence for other devices is limited and inconsistent. The development and research of innovative technologies for reducing dental pain and anxiety provides opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration and improved patient care in dental practice.
PubMed: 38840649
DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2024.24.3.161