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Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2024Quality control testing of dental materials requires a standard to enable the generation of reproducible and comparable data. Currently there are no standards for...
OBJECTIVES
Quality control testing of dental materials requires a standard to enable the generation of reproducible and comparable data. Currently there are no standards for testing materials used for vital pulp therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a new standard to evaluate solubility of pulp preservation materials.
METHODS
The solubility of three materials used for vital pulp therapy: Biodentine, TheraCal and Activa was evaluated using two international standards for dental materials ISO 4049:2019 (S1) and ISO 6876:2012 (S2). For both standards, a modified methodology was evaluated. This included changing the volume of the solution used (S1M, S2M), using Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) as an alternative to water (S1D, S2D) and periodic solution change for the ISO 4049 method (S1P, S1MP). Materials were characterised before and after completion of solubility test using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
RESULTS
The test materials exhibited different solubility values depending on the methodology used. Biodentine exhibited significantly lower solubility when lower volumes of solution were used when tested using both ISO methods (p ≤ 0.05). TheraCal and Activa showed negative solubility values after desiccation when tested using ISO 4049:2019. The Biodentine exhibited changes in its microstructure which was dependent on the method used to test solubility.
CONCLUSIONS
The solubility values obtained were dependent on the method used. It is thus important to use methods that replicate the clinical environment for meaningful evaluations.
PubMed: 38876829
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.028 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2024Pulp therapy has been emerged as a one of the efficient therapies in the field of endodontics. Among different types of new endodontic materials, pulpotec has been...
Pulp therapy has been emerged as a one of the efficient therapies in the field of endodontics. Among different types of new endodontic materials, pulpotec has been materialized as a recognized material for vital pulp therapy. However, its efficacy has been challenged due to lack of information about its cellular biocompatibility. This study evaluates the mechanistic biocompatibility of pulpotec cement with macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) at cellular and molecular level. The biocompatibility was evaluated using experimental and computational techniques like MTT assay, oxidative stress analysis and apoptosis analysis through flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. The results showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of pulpotec cement extract to RAW 264.7 cells with an LC 50 of X/10-X/20. The computational analysis depicted the molecular interaction of pulpotec cement extract components with metabolic proteins like Sod1 and p53. The study revealed the effects of Pulpotec cement's extract, showing a concentration-dependent induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. These effects were due to influential structural and functional abnormalities in the Sod1 and p53 proteins, caused by their molecular interaction with internalized components of Pulpotec cement. The study provided a detailed view on the utility of Pulpotec in endodontic applications, highlighting its biomedical aspects.
Topics: Oxidative Stress; Apoptosis; Mice; Animals; RAW 264.7 Cells; Macrophages; Biocompatible Materials; Materials Testing; Cell Survival; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Dental Cements; Superoxide Dismutase-1
PubMed: 38870628
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116921 -
International Dental Journal Jun 2024The aim was to assess the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples collected from...
BACKGROUND
The aim was to assess the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples collected from individuals with cement-retained and crew-retained implants.
METHODS
In this observational study, participants with cement-retained and screw-retained implants were enrolled. A questionnaire was utilized to gather demographic information and assess the educational background of the participants. Peri-implant modified plaque and bleeding indices, probing depth, and crestal bone loss were measured. Subsequently, PISF samples were collected, and corresponding volumes were recorded. Commercial kits employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to quantify PGE2 levels. The sample size was determined, and group comparisons were conducted using the Student t test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the correlation between PGE2 levels and clinicoradiographic and demographics. The predefined level of significance was established at P < .05.
RESULTS
Sixty-seven participants, consisting of 33 with cement-retained implants and 34 with screw-retained implants, were included in the study. The mean ages for individuals with cement and screw-retained implants were 54.2 ± 8.7 and 58.7 ± 7.4 years, respectively. The majority of participants had completed university-level education. Reportedly, 87.9% and 82.4% of individuals with cement and screw-retained implants, respectively brushed teeth twice daily. No significant differences were observed in clinicoradiographic parameters, PGE2 volume, and levels between cement-retained and screw-retained implants. There was no correlation between PGE2 levels and peri-implant clinicoradiographic parameters among individuals with either cement-retained or screw-retained implants.
CONCLUSIONS
Cement-retained and screw-retained implants exhibit a consistent peri-implant clinicoradiographic status, accompanied by stable levels of PGE2 in PISF provided oral hygiene maintenance regimens are stringently followed.
PubMed: 38866672
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.04.026 -
Cureus May 2024Silver amalgam, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, compomers, light polymerized hybrid composite resin, and hybrid glass ionomer are among the most frequent...
INTRODUCTION
Silver amalgam, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, compomers, light polymerized hybrid composite resin, and hybrid glass ionomer are among the most frequent restorative materials used as cavity-based or post-endodontics. Thus, to meet the needs of both patients and dentists, Cention N reimagines the traditional filling by integrating bulk placement, ion release, and durability into a dual-curing, aesthetically pleasing solution. Hoewver, we do not have enough information from studies comparing this hybrid restorative material's shear bond strengths to dentin to draw any firm conclusions. Cention N, zirconomer, and Vitremer are three hybrid tooth-colored restorative materials that were evaluated for their shear bond strength to dentin. This research aimed to compare and evaluate these materials.
METHODOLOGY
The purpose of this research was to use a universal Instron machine to measure the shear bond stress of three distinct hybrid tooth-colored restorative materials in relation to dentin. The research samples consisted of 45 extracted lower first premolars from humans. The teeth were then assigned into three groups of 15 samples each according to different color acrylic resin blocks, namely, group A (pink acrylic blocks), which had Cention in cement; group B (white acrylic blocks), which has zirconomer cement; and group C (violet acrylic blocks), which had Vitremer cement.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups and the normal distribution, as shown by the negligible values in the tests involving the three groups. Put simply, each of the three categories exhibits data that follows a normal distribution. This allows for further data analysis to be conducted using the parametric test of significance.
CONCLUSION
The shear bond strength of hybrid glass ionomer restorative materials has to be further investigated in both laboratory and living organism settings.
PubMed: 38864074
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60123 -
Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related... Jun 2024To present the 3-year clinical, radiographic, and aesthetic outcomes in patients with congenitally missing lateral incisors rehabilitated with two narrow-diameter...
Clinical, radiographic, and aesthetic outcomes at two narrow-diameter implants to replace congenital missing maxillary lateral incisors: A 3-year prospective, clinical study.
INTRODUCTION
To present the 3-year clinical, radiographic, and aesthetic outcomes in patients with congenitally missing lateral incisors rehabilitated with two narrow-diameter implants (NDIs).
METHODS
The original population consisted of 100 patients rehabilitated with a cement-retained bi-layered zirconia single-unit crown supported by either a Ø2.9 mm (Test) or a Ø3.3 mm (Control) NDI (n = 50). At the 1- and 3-year follow-up (T2, T3), implant survival rate, crestal bone level (CBL) changes, biological, and technical complications were recorded, while the assessment of the aesthetic outcomes was performed using the Copenhagen Index Score.
RESULTS
Seventy-four patients Ø2.9 mm (n = 39) or Ø3.3 mm (n = 35) reached T3, as 24 patients were lost to follow-up and 1 implant (Ø3.3 mm) was removed. Throughout the observation period, minimal CBL changes (i.e., <1 mm) were detected between groups. Despite the positive aesthetic scores recorded (i.e., 1-2), at T3 20% of patients rehabilitated with a Ø3.3 mm versus 2.6% of patients Ø2.9 mm displayed an alveolar process deficiency (Score 3). No additional technical and/or mechanical complications were recorded between T2 and T3. Tooth vitality was maintained in all neighboring teeth. Peri-implant probing depths and plaque scores remained low in both groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The use of 2.9 or 3.3 diameter implants showed comparable favorable mid-term results in terms of survival rate, CBL, and aesthetic outcomes. Hence, clinicians should rely on the use of such NDIs when replacing maxillary lateral incisors.
PubMed: 38863078
DOI: 10.1111/cid.13339 -
Bioinformation 2024A comparative analysis and assessment of the compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) between conventional glass ionomer cement (C-GIC) and a...
A comparative analysis and assessment of the compressive strength (CS) and diametral tensile strength (DTS) between conventional glass ionomer cement (C-GIC) and a silver-reinforced GIC (S-GIC) variant is of interest. Ten specimens of both C-GIC (GC Fuji II, Japan) and S-GIC (Riva Silver, SDI, Australia) were fabricated for the evaluation of compressive strength, and an identical number of samples were created for the examination of tensile strength. These specimens were then tested using a universal testing apparatus. The results exhibited that both the compressive and diametral tensile strengths were significantly greater for the S-GIC cement in comparison to the C-GIC, with a notable p-value of 0.001. The findings suggest that S-GIC may be considered a viable alternative to conventional GIC.
PubMed: 38854768
DOI: 10.6026/973206300200391 -
Cureus May 2024Background This in vitro study aimed to assess the vertical disparities in the positioning of complete crown castings when different quantities of cement were used and...
Background This in vitro study aimed to assess the vertical disparities in the positioning of complete crown castings when different quantities of cement were used and to determine the optimal amount of cement for cementation while minimizing any marginal discrepancies. Methodology A total of 60 ideal nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) crown castings were divided into three groups of experimental volumes of glass ionomer cement, with 20 castings in each group. Group I had completely filled volume with cement, group II had it half-filled, and group III had brushed up cement internally. The crowns were cemented by applying a static load of 5 kg to the cementation apparatus for 10 minutes. The marginal discrepancy between the die and the castings was measured pre-cementation and post-cementation using image analysis software in combination with a stereomicroscope (Motic, USA) at predetermined points that were marked on the die. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 16, Armonk, USA) software. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the intergroup analysis. A paired sample t-test was used for intragroup analysis. Result Brushing cement onto the internal surface presented the least mean values (P<0.05) of post-pre-cementation vertical discrepancy (14.92±10.77 μm) when compared to the half-filled cement group (28.42±12.45 μm) and the fully-filled cement group (58.50±20.91 μm). Conclusion Cement volume appeared to be a key factor in the vertical marginal discrepancy of the crown. The cement brush applied to the internal surfaces of the crown showed smaller post-cementation vertical discrepancies.
PubMed: 38854350
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59928 -
Dental Materials Journal Jun 2024Granular type of bone substitutes is currently used in the field of dentistry to restore alveolar bone defects. However, the migration of the granules from the...
Granular type of bone substitutes is currently used in the field of dentistry to restore alveolar bone defects. However, the migration of the granules from the implantation site is still an unresolved issue. In this study, the feasibility to fabricate self-setting calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) granules using different ranges of loading pressure: CSH(0), CSH(50), CSH(100), and CSH(150) was investigated with the hypothesis that CSH granules with reduced microporosity can inhibit the rapid dissolution rate of the calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) set blocks and induce bone regeneration. After 4 weeks of implantation, the granules were mostly replaced with new bone although no significant differences were observed. Nevertheless, the granules demonstrated the ability to set within the bone defect. It is therefore concluded that the setting ability of calcium sulfate can contribute to address the issue of migration of the granules and provide a useful guide for designing setting bone substitutes.
PubMed: 38853007
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-248 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024To investigate the fracture resistance and failure modalities of anterior endocrown restorations fabricated employing diverse ceramic materials, and bonded using various...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the fracture resistance and failure modalities of anterior endocrown restorations fabricated employing diverse ceramic materials, and bonded using various cementation methodologies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty maxillary central incisors were divided into two main groups based on the ceramic materials used; GroupI (Zir): zirconia endocrwons (Zolid HT, Ceramill, Amanngirrbach) and GroupII (E-Max): e-max endocrowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). Both groups were further split into two subgroups depending on the cementation protocols; subgroup IA "ZirMDP": endocowns cemented with MDP primer + MDP resin cement, subgroup IB (ZirNon-MDP): cemented with MDP primer + non-MDP resin cement, subgroup IIA (E-maxMDP): cemented with MDP primer + MDP resin cement, subgroup IIB (E-maxNon-MDP): cemented with MDP primer + non-MDP resin cement. (n = 10/subgroup). Endocrowns were manufactured using CAD/ CAM. Teeth were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. The fracture test was performed at 45 with a palatal force direction until the fracture occurred. Test results were recorded in Newton. The failure mode was examined using a stereomicroscope. A One-way ANOVA test was utilized to compare different groups regarding fracture strength values. Tukey`s Post Hoc was utilized for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS
The comparative analysis of fracture strength across the diverse groups yielded non-significant differences, as indicated by a p-value exceeding 0.05. Nonetheless, an observable trend emerged regarding the mode of failure. Specifically, a statistically significant prevalence was noted in fractures localized within the endocrown/tooth complex below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) across all groups, except for Group IIB, "E-max Non-MDP," where fractures within the endocrown/tooth complex occurred above the CEJ.
CONCLUSIONS
Combining an MDP-based primer with an MDP-based resin cement did not result in a significant effect on the anterior endocrown fracture strength.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Regardless of the presence of the MDP monomer in its composition, adhesive resin cement achieved highly successful fracture strength when used with MDP-based ceramic primers. Additionally, ceramic materials exhibiting elastic moduli surpassing those of dentin are discouraged due to their propensity to induce catastrophic fractures within the tooth structure.
Topics: Humans; Cementation; Incisor; In Vitro Techniques; Dental Stress Analysis; Resin Cements; Zirconium; Materials Testing; Crowns; Dental Restoration Failure; Ceramics; Dental Materials; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Porcelain
PubMed: 38851731
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04381-9 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Restorative materials are in prolonged contact with living tissues such as oral mucosa, dentin, pulp, periodontal, and periapical tissues. Therefore, the potentially... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Restorative materials are in prolonged contact with living tissues such as oral mucosa, dentin, pulp, periodontal, and periapical tissues. Therefore, the potentially harmful effects of these materials and their components on oral tissues should be evaluated before clinical use. This study aimed to compare the cell viability of different adhesive systems (ASs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
METHODS
Three ASs that combining methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) monomer with new hydrophilic amide monomers [Clearfil Universal Bond Quick(CUBQ), Kuraray Noritake], self-reinforcing 3D monomer [Bond Force II(BFII), Tokuyama)], and dual-cure property [Futurabond DC(FBDC), VOCO] were used. Three (n = 3) samples were prepared for each group. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from ten patients' extracted third molar teeth. Samples were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) for 24 h (h), 72 h, and 7 days (d) to obtain extracts. For the control group, cells were cultured without DBA samples. Cell viability of ASs extracts was measured using a cell proliferation detection kit (WST-1, Roche). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc (Duncan) tests (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
At 24 and 72 h statistically significant differences were determined between control and BFII, control and FBDC groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between control and CUBQ groups (p > 0.05). On the 7th d, statistically significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p < 0.05), while no differences between experimental groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was detected for the BFII group over the three-time interval (p < 0.05). The lowest cell viability was observed for the FBDC group at 24 h, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with 72 h and 7th d (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
All ASs showed different cell viability values at various exposure times. It should be taken into consideration that pH values, as well as the contents of ASs, have a significant effect on the cell viability.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp; Cell Survival; Stem Cells; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Time Factors; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38849812
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04438-9