-
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The dissolution of dental calculus, safely and at home, is among the more challenging issues facing the over-the-counter healthcare industry. Pontis Biologics, Inc. has... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The dissolution of dental calculus, safely and at home, is among the more challenging issues facing the over-the-counter healthcare industry. Pontis Biologics, Inc. has developed novel model of calculus development and structure and has formulated a dentifrice (Tartarase™) using digestive enzymes as active ingredients that is shown to dissolve dental calculus in this Proof of Principle clinical trial.
METHODS
This investigation was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel enzyme formulation to remove existing calculus deposits in 4 weeks, measured using the Volpe-Manhold Index (V-MI) on lingual surfaces of 6 lower anterior teeth. The test formulation was compared to Crest Cavity Protection, as a control dentifrice. A total of 40 randomized test subjects began the study with 20 assigned to the control dentifrice and 20 assigned to the Tartarase groups (ten each, one brushing with Tartarase twice daily and one brushed with Tartarase and wore a dental tray filled with Tartarase for 30 min then brushed again with Tartarase, once daily).
RESULTS
The Crest group experienced a 12% increase in calculus, in contrast to the results of both Tartarase groups that experienced a 40% reduction in calculus in 4 weeks of unsupervised at home use of the Tartarase toothpaste formulation.
CONCLUSIONS
This proof of principle study demonstrates that a dentifrice, formulated along the lines of the Tartarase material, is capable of combating calculus accumulation using the same oral hygiene habits that are common worldwide.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial was registered retrospectively at clinicaltrials.gov and has the Unique Identification Number: NCT06139835, 14/11/2023.
Topics: Humans; Dental Calculus; Female; Adult; Male; Dentifrices; Middle Aged; Toothbrushing; Proof of Concept Study
PubMed: 38909189
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04498-x -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The surface modification of dental implants plays an important role in establishing a successful interaction of the implant with the surrounding tissue, as the...
The surface modification of dental implants plays an important role in establishing a successful interaction of the implant with the surrounding tissue, as the bioactivity and osseointegration properties are strongly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the implant surface. A surface coating with bioactive molecules that stimulate the formation of a mineral calcium phosphate (CaP) layer has a positive effect on the bone bonding process, as biomineralization is crucial for improving the osseointegration process and rapid bone ingrowth. In this work, the spontaneous deposition of calcium phosphate on the titanium surface covered with chemically stable and covalently bound alendronate molecules was investigated using an integrated experimental and theoretical approach. The initial nucleation of CaP was investigated using quantum chemical calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Negative Gibbs free energies show a spontaneous nucleation of CaP on the biomolecule-covered titanium oxide surface. The deposition of calcium and phosphate ions on the alendronate-modified titanium oxide surface is governed by Ca-phosphonate (-POH) interactions and supported by hydrogen bonding between the phosphate group of CaP and the amino group of the alendronate molecule. The morphological and structural properties of CaP deposit were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This integrated experimental-theoretical study highlights the spontaneous formation of CaP on the alendronate-coated titanium surface, confirming the bioactivity ability of the alendronate coating. The results provide valuable guidance for the promising forthcoming advancements in the development of biomaterials and surface modification of dental implants.
PubMed: 38893965
DOI: 10.3390/ma17112703 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The impact of gut and oral microbiota on the clinical outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We compared the bacterial composition of...
The impact of gut and oral microbiota on the clinical outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We compared the bacterial composition of dental plaque and feces between patients with OSCC and healthy controls (HCs). Fecal and dental plaque samples were collected from 7 HCs and 18 patients with OSCC before treatment initiation. Terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA genes was performed. Differences in bacterial diversity between the HC and OSCC groups were examined. We compared the occupancy of each bacterial species in samples taken from patients with OSCC and HCs and analyzed the correlation between PD-L1 expression in the tumor specimens and the occupancy of each bacterial species. The gut and oral microbiota of patients with OSCC were more varied than those of HCs. and were significantly more abundant in patients with OSCC than in HCs. The abundance of subcluster XIVa in the gut microbiota of the PD-L1-positive group was significantly greater than that in the PD-L1-negative group. The oral and gut microbiomes of patients with OSCC were in a state of dysbiosis. Our results suggest the possibility of new cancer therapies targeting these disease-specific microbiomes using probiotics and synbiotics.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mouth Neoplasms; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Aged; Feces; Mouth; B7-H1 Antigen; Microbiota; Adult; Dysbiosis; Dental Plaque; Bacteria; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38892262
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116077 -
Impact of Resolvin-E1 and Maresin-1 on Bone Marrow Stem Cell Osteogenesis under Inflammatory Stress.Cells May 2024Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. Central to its pathogenesis is the dysregulated inflammatory response, complicating regenerative...
Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. Central to its pathogenesis is the dysregulated inflammatory response, complicating regenerative therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold significant promise in tissue repair and regeneration. This study investigated the effects of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), Resolvin E1 (RvE1) and Maresin 1 (MaR1), on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs under inflammatory conditions. The stem cells were treated with SPMs in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate an inflammatory environment. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining. Proteomic analysis was conducted to characterize the protein expression profile changes, focusing on proteins related to osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with RvE1 and MaR1, both individually and in combination, significantly enhanced calcified deposit formation. Proteomic analysis revealed the differential expression of proteins associated with osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, highlighting the modulatory impact of SPMs on bone metabolism. RvE1 and MaR1 promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs in an inflammatory environment, with their combined application yielding synergistic effects. This study provides insights into the therapeutic potential of SPMs in enhancing bone regeneration, suggesting a promising avenue for developing regenerative therapies for periodontal disease and other conditions characterized by inflammation-induced bone loss.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Humans; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Inflammation; Proteomics; Bone Marrow Cells; Lipopolysaccharides
PubMed: 38891064
DOI: 10.3390/cells13110932 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The status of dental caries is closely related to changes in the oral microbiome. In this study, we compared the diversity and structure of the dental plaque microbiome... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The status of dental caries is closely related to changes in the oral microbiome. In this study, we compared the diversity and structure of the dental plaque microbiome in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) before and after general anaesthesia and outpatient treatment.
METHODS
Forty children aged 3 to 5 years with S-ECC who had completed whole-mouth dental treatment under general anaesthesia (C1) or in outpatient settings (C2) were selected, 20 in each group. The basic information and oral health status of the children were recorded, and the microbial community structure and diversity of dental plaque before treatment (C1, C2), the day after treatment(C2_0D), 7 days after treatment (C1_7D, C2_7D), 1 month after treatment (C1_1M, C2_1M), and 3 months after treatment (C1_3M, C2_3M) were analysed via 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology.
RESULTS
(1) The alpha diversity test showed that the flora richness in the multiappointment group was significantly greater at posttreatment than at pretreatment (P < 0.05), and the remaining alpha diversity index did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The beta diversity analysis revealed that the flora structures of the C1_7D group and the C2_3M group were significantly different from those of the other time points within the respective groups (P < 0.05). (2) The core flora existed in both the pre- and posttreatment groups, and the proportion of their flora abundance could be altered depending on the caries status of the children in both groups. Leptotrichia abundance was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at 7 days posttreatment in both the single- and multiappointment groups. Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium_matruchotii were significantly more abundant in the C1_1M and C1_3M groups than in the C1 and C1_7D groups (P < 0.05). Streptococcus, Haemophilus and Haemophilus_parainfluenzae were significantly more abundant in the C1_7D group than in the other groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
A single session of treatment under general anaesthesia can cause dramatic changes in the microbial community structure and composition within 7 days after treatment, whereas treatment over multiple appointments may cause slow changes in oral flora diversity.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Dental Caries; Child, Preschool; Male; Female; Microbiota; Anesthesia, General; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38879477
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04458-5 -
PloS One 2024In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP)...
INTRODUCTION
In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of various chelating agents, ethilenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and etidronic acid (HEDP) mixed in two different forms, in removing the smear layer and promoting the penetration of an endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules of extracted single-rooted teeth.
METHODS
The study used 75 teeth divided into five groups: 17% EDTA, 10% CA, 9% HEDP + NaOCl, 9% HEDP + distilled water (DW), and a control (DW) group. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess smear layer removal and confocal laser microscopy was used to evaluate tubular sealer penetration at different depths from the apical tip.
RESULTS
Sealer penetration was highest with 17% EDTA and 10% CA as compared with the other agents (p<0.001). At the cervical third, the sealer penetration for EDTA, HEDP + NaOCl, and HEDP + DW groups were significantly different than those in DW (p = 0.020). For the middle third, EDTA, CA, and HEDP + NaOCl groups were significantly higher than those of the DW group (p<0.001). Cervical-level values were significantly higher than apical-level values for HEDP + NaOCl, HEDP + DW, and DW (p<0.001). Smear layer removal was lower with 9% HEDP + DW than with 17% EDTA and 10% CA at all depths (p<0.001). A significancy in smear layer removal was observed between 10% CA and control (p = 0.015) in middle depth.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, highest values were seen in EDTA and CA in terms of sealer penetration and smear layer removal. In the light of these findings, the use of strong chelating agents highlights better clinical efficiency than dual-rinse or single HEDP irrigation.
Topics: Humans; Chelating Agents; Root Canal Filling Materials; Edetic Acid; Smear Layer; Citric Acid; Root Canal Irrigants; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dentin
PubMed: 38875249
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303377 -
International Journal of Paleopathology Jun 2024To determine which types of bone lesion (spicules, lobules, porous bone) in the maxillary sinus indicate sinusitis METHODS: Subadjacent dental disease is a cause of...
OBJECTIVES
To determine which types of bone lesion (spicules, lobules, porous bone) in the maxillary sinus indicate sinusitis METHODS: Subadjacent dental disease is a cause of maxillary sinusitis; if a lesion type indicates sinusitis it should be more common above diseased posterior maxillary teeth than a lesion type that is not indicative of sinusitis. The study sample is a British Mediaeval human skeletal collection.
RESULTS
Porous bone lesions (chiefly new bone deposits) in maxillary sinuses are associated with subadjacent dental disease; spicules/lobules of bone in the sinus are not.
CONCLUSIONS
The results support the idea that porous lesions indicate sinusitis but the spicules/lobules may not. Spicules, lobules and porous lesions within the maxillary sinus should be analysed separately in biocultural studies; it would be prudent to regard only the porous lesions as indicative of sinusitis.
SIGNIFICANCE
Maxillary sinusitis is commonly used as a health indicator in palaeopathology, and spicular deposits are generally the most common type of alterations. By assuming that they are indicative of sinusitis we may have been greatly overestimating the prevalence of bony sinusitis in the past.
LIMITATIONS
These conclusions are provisional. Further work on larger, more diverse samples, together with more detailed anatomical studies on lesion location and structure is ongoing.
PubMed: 38865933
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.05.003 -
Imaging α-synuclein pathologies in animal models and patients with Parkinson's and related diseases.Neuron May 2024Deposition of α-synuclein fibrils is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), while in vivo detection of α-synuclein pathologies in...
Deposition of α-synuclein fibrils is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), while in vivo detection of α-synuclein pathologies in these illnesses has been challenging. Here, we have developed a small-molecule ligand, C05-05, for visualizing α-synuclein deposits in the brains of living subjects. In vivo optical and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of mouse and marmoset models demonstrated that C05-05 captured a dynamic propagation of fibrillogenesis along neural pathways, followed by disruptions of these structures. High-affinity binding of F-C05-05 to α-synuclein aggregates in human brain tissues was also proven by in vitro assays. Notably, PET-detectable F-C05-05 signals were intensified in the midbrains of PD and DLB patients as compared with healthy controls, providing the first demonstration of visualizing α-synuclein pathologies in these illnesses. Collectively, we propose a new imaging technology offering neuropathology-based translational assessments of PD and allied disorders toward diagnostic and therapeutic research and development.
PubMed: 38843838
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.006 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method that can deposit zirconia uniformly on an atomic basis. The effect of deposited zirconia on titanium implants using ALD was...
PURPOSE
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method that can deposit zirconia uniformly on an atomic basis. The effect of deposited zirconia on titanium implants using ALD was evaluated in vivo.
METHODS
Machined titanium implants (MTIs) were used as the Control. MTIs treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching (SA) and MTIs deposited with zirconia using ALD are referred to as Groups S and Z, respectively. Twelve implants were prepared for each group. Six rabbits were used as experimental animals. To evaluate the osteogenesis and osteocyte aspects around the implants, radiological and histological analyses were performed. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratio was measured and statistically analyzed to evaluate the osseointegration capabilities.
RESULTS
In the micro-CT analysis, more radiopaque bone tissues were observed around the implants in Groups S and Z. Histological observation found that Groups S and Z had more and denser mature bone tissues around the implants in the cortical bone area. Many new and mature bone tissues were also observed in the medullary cavity area. For the BIC ratio, Groups S and Z were significantly higher than the Control in the cortical bone area ( < 0.017), but there was no significant difference between Groups S and Z.
CONCLUSION
MTIs deposited with zirconia using ALD (Group Z) radiologically and histologically showed more mature bone formation and activated osteocytes compared with MTIs (Control). Group Z also had a significantly higher BIC ratio than the Control. Within the limitations of this study, depositing zirconia on the surface of MTIs using ALD can improve osseointegration in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Zirconium; Rabbits; Titanium; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; X-Ray Microtomography; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Bone-Implant Interface; Osteogenesis; Dental Implants; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 38832337
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S460392 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic...
Investigation of mechanical properties, remineralization, antibacterial effect, and cellular toxicity of composite orthodontic adhesive combined with silver-containing nanostructured bioactive glass.
BACKGROUND
The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic adhesives may prevent the formation of white spots. The aim of this study was to produce a composite orthodontic adhesive combined with nano-bioactive glass-silver (nBG@Ag) for bracket bonding to enamel and to investigate its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, remineralization capability, and bond strength.
METHODS
nBG@Ag was synthesized using the sol-gel method, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance attachment (ATR-FTIR). The cytotoxicity test (MTT) and antimicrobial activity of adhesives containing 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt) nBG@Ag were evaluated, and the shear bond strength of the adhesives was measured using a universal testing machine. Remineralization was assessed through microhardness testing with a Vickers microhardness tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test, one-way ANOVA, Robust-Welch test, Tukey HSD method, and two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The biocompatibility of the adhesives was found to be high, as confirmed by the lack of significant differences in the cytotoxicity between the sample and control groups. Discs made from composites containing nBG@Ag exhibited a significant reduction in the growth of Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05), and the antibacterial activity increased with higher percentages of nBG@Ag. The shear bond strength of the adhesives decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after the addition of nanoparticles, but it remained above the recommended value. The addition of nBG@Ag showed improvement in the microhardness of the teeth, although the differences in microhardness between the study groups were not statistically significant. The formation of hydroxyapatite deposits on the tooth surface was confirmed through SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
CONCLUSION
Adding nBG@Ag to orthodontic adhesives can be an effective approach to enhance antimicrobial activity and reduce enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets, without compromising biocompatibility and bond strength.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Silver; Tooth Remineralization; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Streptococcus mutans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Glass; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Ceramics; Humans; Composite Resins; Shear Strength; Hardness; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 38824555
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04402-7