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Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2024Chewing gums containing antiseptics or other antimicrobial substances may be effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. Therefore, the aim of this randomized... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Chewing gums containing antiseptics or other antimicrobial substances may be effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. Therefore, the aim of this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial chewing gum containing essential oils (cinnamon, lemon, peppermint) and extracts on reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis as well as on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescent orthodontic patients.
MATERIALS
52 patients (11-22 years of age) were randomly assigned to use a test chewing gum (COVIDGUM, Clevergum) or a commercially available control chewing gum over a period of 10 days. Approximal plaque index (API), papillary bleeding index (PBI) and an OHRQoL questionnaire for children (COHIP-G19) were assessed at baseline (BL), after 10 days (10d) and 30 days (30d). In addition, oral health and oral hygiene related questions of the COHIP-G19 questionnaire were evaluated separately in subscales at each timepoint. Data were analyzed using non-parametrical statistical procedures (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
API and PBI decreased significantly over time from BL to 10d and from BL to 30d in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. In both groups, the COHIP-G19 score, oral health subscale and oral hygiene subscale decreased significantly over time. Regarding the oral hygiene subscale, the test group showed significantly better scores at 30d (p = 0.011).
CONCLUSION
Both chewing gums performed similarly effective in terms of reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and improving OHRQoL.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Chewing gums without antimicrobial ingredients may be sufficient to decrease plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Gingivitis; Adolescent; Chewing Gum; Female; Male; Dental Plaque; Quality of Life; Child; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Anti-Infective Agents; Treatment Outcome; Oils, Volatile; Dental Plaque Index; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 38664261
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05669-4 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... Mar 2024Teeth bleaching, although considered safe and conservative, cause microscopic changes in the tooth structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bleaching efficacy...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Teeth bleaching, although considered safe and conservative, cause microscopic changes in the tooth structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bleaching efficacy of carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gel when modified with the incorporation of bioactive glass (BG) and hydroxyapatite (HA) and its effect on enamel microhardness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-five maxillary incisors were decoronated, artificially stained and mounted in acrylic. The samples were divided into three groups of 15 each and subjected to the following bleaching protocol for 8 h/day at 37°C for 2 weeks: Group 1 - 16% CP, Group 2 - CP modified with BG, and Group 3 - CP modified with hydroxyapatite (HA). Spectrophotometric color assessment using CIE L*a*b* system and Vickers microhardness were assessed before and after bleaching. Data were analyzed using Student's paired -test and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's analysis.
RESULTS
There was a significant change in color (L*a*b*) in all the three groups when compared to the baseline values. However, no significant difference in the total color change (ΔE) was observed between the three groups. Enamel microhardness reduced significantly in the CP group, whereas it increased in the BG and HA group after bleaching. Scanning electron microscopy images of BG and HA groups showed crystalline deposits suggesting mineral deposition.
CONCLUSION
Addition of biomaterials can be a beneficial alternative to bleaching with CP alone, considering the increase in microhardness without hindering the bleaching action.
PubMed: 38634034
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_310_23 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Apr 2024Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by the complex interactions between the host immune system and the microbiota of dental plaque. Oxidative stress and the...
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by the complex interactions between the host immune system and the microbiota of dental plaque. Oxidative stress and the inflammatory microenvironment resulting from periodontitis are among the primary factors contributing to the progression of the disease. Additionally, the presence of dental plaque microbiota plays a significant role in affecting the condition. Consequently, treatment strategies for periodontitis should be multi-faceted. In this study, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive drug delivery system was developed by structurally modifying hyaluronic acid (HA) with phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBAP). Curcumin (CUR) was encapsulated in this drug delivery system to form curcumin-loaded nanoparticles (HA@CUR NPs). The release results indicate that CUR can be rapidly released in a ROS environment to reach the concentration required for treatment. In terms of uptake, HA can effectively enhance cellular uptake of NPs because it specifically recognizes CD44 expressed by normal cells. Moreover, HA@CUR NPs not only retained the antimicrobial efficacy of CUR, but also exhibited more pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress functions both in vivo and in vitro. This provides a good potential drug delivery system for the treatment of periodontitis, and could offer valuable insights for dental therapeutics targeting periodontal diseases.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Reactive Oxygen Species; Multifunctional Nanoparticles; Esters; Dental Plaque; Nanoparticles; Periodontitis; Hyaluronic Acid; Boronic Acids; Glycols
PubMed: 38622641
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02461-0 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Jan 2024In cariology studies, mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar has been commonly considered as the selective medium for Streptococcusmutans growth. The present study was... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
In cariology studies, mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar has been commonly considered as the selective medium for Streptococcusmutans growth. The present study was the part of a funded project (a noninferiority randomized controlled trial) which compared the efficacy of a plant extract-based mouth rinse with that of a fluoride mouth rinse on the S.mutans counts of the children.
AIM
This study aimed to identify the frequency of detection of S.mutans and nonstreptococcal bacterial species from the dental plaque of caries active children using a combined technique of anaerobic culture and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.
SETTINGS AND METHODS
Caries-active children (8-12 years old) were enrolled from a pediatric dental outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital. From each participant, dental plaque samples were collected from carious surfaces under sterilized conditions and then subjected to anaerobic culture. After 48 h of incubation, the bacterial colonies were isolated by sub-culture and identified by the MALDI-TOF.
RESULTS
In all, 13 different bacterial species were isolated from the MSB agar medium. Other than S.mutans species, colonies of bacterial species such as Veillonelladispar,Streptococcusanginosus, Veillonellaparvula, and Streptococcusgordonii were also frequently observed from the medium.
CONCLUSIONS
The study concluded that several bacterial strains, both streptococcal and nonstreptococcal, could be isolated from the MSB agar medium; hence, this medium should no longer be considered selective medium for the culture of S.mutans in clinical and epidemiological studies.
Topics: Child; Humans; Agar; Bacitracin; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Plaque; Mouthwashes; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38616422
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_17_24 -
Nutrients Mar 2024The aim was to determine the association between plaque and gingival inflammation reported by dietary interventions. Data of four clinical studies dealing with changed...
The aim was to determine the association between plaque and gingival inflammation reported by dietary interventions. Data of four clinical studies dealing with changed nutrition and gingival examination were reanalyzed with regard to gingival inflammation (GI), plaque (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Dietary changes basically involved avoiding sugar, white flour and sweetened drinks and focusing on whole foods for 4 weeks. The control groups were to maintain their usual diet. All participants had to reduce their oral hygiene efforts. Linear regression models taking the clustering of the data due to several studies into account were applied. In total, data of 92 participants (control groups: 39, test-groups 53) were reanalyzed. While both groups showed a slight increase in dental plaque, only the test groups showed a significant decrease in inflammatory parameters: GI (mean value difference End-Baseline (Δ): -0.31 (±SD 0.36)) and BOP (Δ: -15.39% (±16.07)), both < 0.001. In the control groups, there was a constant relation between PI and GI, while the experimental group showed a decreasing relationship in GI/PI ( = 0.016), and even an inverted relationship BOP/PI under a changed diet ( = 0.031). In conclusion, diet seems to be a determining factor how the gingiva reacts towards dental plaque.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Diet; Gingivitis; Gingiva; Inflammation
PubMed: 38612955
DOI: 10.3390/nu16070923 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2024Peri-implant disease and health are associated with microbial dental plaque. Therefore, oral hygiene plays a role in preventing and treating these diseases. This study... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Peri-implant disease and health are associated with microbial dental plaque. Therefore, oral hygiene plays a role in preventing and treating these diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationships among knowledge of peri-implant status, oral hygiene habits, and peri-implant disease and health.
METHODS
A total of 144 implants in nonsmokers with controlled systemic disease were included in the study. Peri-implant disease and the conditions of the implants were determined with periodontal indices and radiographs based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions and The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. Individuals were asked 66 questions regarding demographic information, oral hygiene habits and history, and knowledge of peri-implant diseases. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the three peri-implant disease and condition categories.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference between groups regarding toothpaste type (p < 0.05). Gum protection toothpaste was greater in the peri-implant health group. Patients' use of interdental products was very low; often, no products were used for implant prosthesis. There was no significant difference among the groups regarding oral hygiene product use or oral hygiene habits (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups regarding frequency of visit (p < 0.05). The frequency of visits to the dentist for pain was greater for individuals with peri-implantitis. There is a significant difference between the groups' answers for the causative and initiating factors of peri-implant disease (p < 0.05). The peri-implant health group answered that microbial dental plaque is the most crucial initiating factor of peri-implant diseases, and bleeding on probing is the most critical determinant of peri-implant diseases at a higher rate than the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients' oral hygiene habits and knowledge levels are almost similar according to peri-implant status. Knowledge does not reflect a patient's oral hygiene behavior. Clinicians should ensure that individuals' oral hygiene practices align with their increased awareness regarding peri-implant illnesses.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Oral Hygiene; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque; Toothpastes; Habits
PubMed: 38605356
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04211-y -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Chlorhexidine; Streptococcus mutans; Oral Health; Dental Plaque; Saliva; Probiotics; Dental Caries; Colony Count, Microbial
PubMed: 38591271
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.24-15 -
Cureus Mar 2024Introduction Dental surfaces have dense bacterial deposits, and poor oral hygiene can exacerbate bacterial infections, causing acute tonsillitis. The study aims to...
Introduction Dental surfaces have dense bacterial deposits, and poor oral hygiene can exacerbate bacterial infections, causing acute tonsillitis. The study aims to quantify acute tonsillitis prevalence and assess its association with oral hygiene practices. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of acute tonsillitis and its association with oral hygiene was conducted among adults aged 20 and above in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Illiterates and those unwilling to participate were excluded. We employed an Arabic online self-administered questionnaire that was disseminated conveniently via Google Forms to social media assessing oral hygiene such as last dental visit, age at starting dental care, number of toothbrushes per day, frequency of toothbrush change, and duration of brushing teeth, and acute tonsillitis characteristics of the participants. Results About 393 participated in the study. Of them, 54% were aged 20-30, 53% were males, and 70% had a university education. The prevalence of acute tonsillitis was 64%. Approximately 28% reported dental clinic visits within three months, and 21% initiated oral hygiene practices at age 20. Among participants, 43% brushed twice daily, with 33% spending one minute and 43% two minutes. About 31% replaced toothbrushes every three months, while 23% acknowledged having bad breath. Experiencing bad breath, changing toothbrushes every three months, and having dental visits within less than three months were associated with having acute tonsillitis (p<0.05). However, regression analysis revealed that experiencing bad breath (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.70) was associated with a higher risk of acute tonsillitis, while less frequent toothbrush changes correlated with a lower risk (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.94). Conclusion This study revealed a substantial prevalence of acute tonsillitis among adults in Taif City. Oral care practices need improvement. There are significant associations between oral hygiene practices, bad breath, and the occurrence of acute tonsillitis. Addressing oral hygiene practices could be a key focus for preventative measures.
PubMed: 38586785
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55801 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2023Orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more popular. However, using fixed orthodontic devices for treatment affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of corrosion,...
BACKGROUND
Orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more popular. However, using fixed orthodontic devices for treatment affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of corrosion, plaque-related illnesses, and dental discoloration-related issues. Air abrasive polishing has a superior effect over the conventional method in removing dental deposits. Using fixed orthodontic appliances affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of diseases caused by plaque, tooth discoloration, and corrosion, as well as corrosion by ions. This study evaluated the impact of air polishing on nickel ion release and corrosion from stainless steel, nickel-titanium, coated stainless steel, and coated nickel-titanium.
METHODS
A total of 288 (stainless steel, coated stainless-steel, nickel-titanium, and coated nickel-titanium rectangular archwires) of one brand were subjected to varying air abrasion polishing times (5, 10, and 20 seconds). Then, they were submerged in artificial saliva with a pH of 6.75 and incubated for 28 days at 37 °C. The release of nickel ions (Ni) was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 7, 14, and 28 days to estimate the cumulative effect. The corrosion of the test-selected samples and surface alterations was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS
Prolonged polishing significantly increased Ni release and corrosion. Archwires made of coated stainless steel exhibited the least amount of Ni release.
CONCLUSION
The air polishing process increased the Ni release at a subtoxic level and could be used on adult patients with long gaps between visits with a polishing period of 5 seconds.
PubMed: 38584995
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.40536 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2024The oral cavity is home to various ecological niches, each with its own unique microbial composition. Understanding the microbial communities and gene composition in...
BACKGROUND
The oral cavity is home to various ecological niches, each with its own unique microbial composition. Understanding the microbial communities and gene composition in different ecological niches within the oral cavity of oral cancer (OC) patients is crucial for determining how these microbial populations contribute to disease progression.
METHODS
In this study, saliva and dental plaque samples were collected from patients with OC. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the microbial community classification and functional composition of the different sample groups.
RESULTS
The results of the study revealed significant differences in both the function and classification of microbial communities between saliva and dental plaque samples. The diversity of microbial species in saliva was found to be higher compared to that in plaque samples. Notably, Actinobacteria were enriched in the dental plaque of OC patients. Furthermore, the study identified several inter-group differential marker species, including Prevotella intermedia, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Actinomyces radius, Corynebacterium matruchitii, and Veillonella atypica. Additionally, 1,353 differential genes were annotated into 23 functional pathways. Interestingly, a significant correlation was observed between differentially labeled species and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, which may be related to the occurrence and development of cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant differences in the microbial and genetic composition of saliva and dental plaque samples were observed in OC patients. Furthermore, pathogenic bacteria associated with oral diseases were predominantly enriched in saliva. The identification of inter-group differential biomarkers and pathways provide insights into the relationship between oral microbiota and the occurrence and development of OC.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Dental Plaque; Bacteria; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38575895
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04181-1