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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024, the primary cause of dental caries, relies on its ability to create and sustain a biofilm (dental plaque) for survival and pathogenicity in the oral cavity. This study...
, the primary cause of dental caries, relies on its ability to create and sustain a biofilm (dental plaque) for survival and pathogenicity in the oral cavity. This study was focused on the antimicrobial biofilm formation control and biofilm dispersal potential of Coumaric acid (CA) against on the dentin surface. The biofilm was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay, microtiter plate assay, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), florescence microscopy (surface coverage and biomass μm) and three-dimensional (3D) surface plots. It was observed that CA at 0.01 mg/mL reduced bacterial growth by 5.51%, whereases at 1 mg/mL, a significant ( < 0.05) reduction (98.37%) was observed. However, at 1 mg/mL of CA, a 95.48% biofilm formation reduction was achieved, while a 73.45% biofilm dispersal (after 24 h. treatment) was achieved against the preformed biofilm. The MTT assay showed that at 1 mg/mL of CA, the viability of bacteria in the biofilm was markedly ( < 0.05) reduced to 73.44%. Moreover, polysaccharide (EPS) was reduced to 24.80 μg/mL and protein (EPS) to 41.47 μg/mL. ImageJ software (version 1.54 g) was used to process florescence images, and it was observed that the biofilm mass was reduced to 213 (μm); the surface coverage was reduced to 0.079%. Furthermore, the 3D surface plots showed that the untreated biofilm was highly dense, with more fibril-like projections. Additionally, molecular docking predicted a possible interaction pattern of CA (ligand) with the receptor Competence Stimulating Peptide (UA159sp, PDB ID: 2I2J). Our findings suggest that CA has antibacterial and biofilm control efficacy against associated with dental plaque under tested conditions.
Topics: Humans; Coumaric Acids; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Molecular Docking Simulation; Streptococcus mutans; Biofilms; Dentin
PubMed: 38257309
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020397 -
BMC Nephrology Jan 2024Fibronectin (FN) glomerulopathy (FNG), a rare autosomal hereditary renal disease, is characterized by proteinuria resulting from the massive accumulation of FN in the...
Fibronectin (FN) glomerulopathy (FNG), a rare autosomal hereditary renal disease, is characterized by proteinuria resulting from the massive accumulation of FN in the glomeruli. It typically affects individuals aged 10-50 years. In this report, we describe the case of a 57-year-old man who was diagnosed with FNG through genetic analysis and histological examination that revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Despite treatment with prednisolone, the therapeutic response was unsatisfactory. Prednisolone was subsequently tapered and discontinued because the patient had pulmonary thromboembolism. Subsequent comprehensive genetic testing, which was initially not conducted because the patient's parents did not have a history of kidney disease, identified a known disease-causing variant in the FN1 gene, indicating a de novo variant. FNG was further confirmed by positive staining of glomeruli with FN using an IST-4 antibody. Although corticosteroid therapy is commonly employed as the initial treatment for MPGN, its appropriateness depends on the underlying etiology. Thus, clinicians must be aware of potential rare genetic causes underlying MPGN.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney; Prednisolone
PubMed: 38254040
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03456-7 -
Cureus Dec 2023Background and aim Assessing the priority of the patient towards dental needs while considering the distance traveled by them is important to improve a dental...
Background and aim Assessing the priority of the patient towards dental needs while considering the distance traveled by them is important to improve a dental service. The purpose of this study was to rank the patients' felt needs for dental care in the private dental institution in order of importance. The objective is to count the number of patients with various major complaints and compare how far patients traveled for various treatment plans tailored to their individual needs in a private dental institution. Material and methods The sample consisted of all new patients who sought dental care at Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India, between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022. Retrospective data from the dental information archive system was gathered on their primary chief complaint and residential address. Frequency distribution of patients with different chief complaints was found. The mean and standard deviation of distance traveled by patients for different treatment plans was done using descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The priority order of the felt need by the patients was dental pain in which n=1299 (15.4%) > missing teeth with n=1224 (14.59%) > deposit/stains/halitosis n=1149 (13.6%) > shaking tooth n=936 (11.15%) > irregularly placed/proclined teeth n=852 (10.15%) > dislodged crown/restoration n=843 (10.05%) > tooth decay/discoloration n=759 (9%) > general checkup n=723 (8.6%) > swelling/ulcer/wound n=246 (2.93%) > painful jaw/facial pain/difficult mouth opening n=198 (2.26%). In 2022, most patients requiring caries preventive measure (0.8%) located at the mean distance of 10.75±2.2 km, while patients requiring scaling (16.9%), dental filling (10.9%), endodontic management (18.6%), extraction (23.7%), prosthetic replacement (13.9%), orthodontic management (10.9%), and facial pain management (2.2%) were located at the mean distance of 14.49±8.2 km, 10.28±6.25 km, 18.43±13.9 km, 14.29±6.6 km, 23.49±11.8 km, 11.76±8.13 km, and 45.32±17.35 km, respectively. Conclusion More number of patients traveled long distances even more than 50 km for painful tooth decay. Also, lots of patients were found to seek replacement of their missing teeth next to pain. Thus, dental pain and missing teeth form a major priority of the patient's felt dental need. Also, the patient had traveled a lot for facial pain management compared to other treatment needs which shows the lack of facial pain management practice by dental care centers near their local residence.
PubMed: 38249284
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50806 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2024To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that diagnoses cataracts/corneal diseases from multiple conditions using smartphone images.
AIM
To develop an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that diagnoses cataracts/corneal diseases from multiple conditions using smartphone images.
METHODS
This study included 6442 images that were captured using a slit-lamp microscope (6106 images) and smartphone (336 images). An AI algorithm was developed based on slit-lamp images to differentiate 36 major diseases (cataracts and corneal diseases) into 9 categories. To validate the AI model, smartphone images were used for the testing dataset. We evaluated AI performance that included sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the diagnosis and triage of the diseases.
RESULTS
The AI algorithm achieved an area under the ROC curve of 0.998 (95% CI, 0.992 to 0.999) for normal eyes, 0.986 (95% CI, 0.978 to 0.997) for infectious keratitis, 0.960 (95% CI, 0.925 to 0.994) for immunological keratitis, 0.987 (95% CI, 0.978 to 0.996) for cornea scars, 0.997 (95% CI, 0.992 to 1.000) for ocular surface tumours, 0.993 (95% CI, 0.984 to 1.000) for corneal deposits, 1.000 (95% CI, 1.000 to 1.000) for acute angle-closure glaucoma, 0.992 (95% CI, 0.985 to 0.999) for cataracts and 0.993 (95% CI, 0.985 to 1.000) for bullous keratopathy. The triage of referral suggestion using the smartphone images exhibited high performance, in which the sensitivity and specificity were 1.00 (95% CI, 0.478 to 1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.976 to 1.000) for 'urgent', 0.867 (95% CI, 0.683 to 0.962) and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.971 to 1.000) for 'semi-urgent', 0.853 (95% CI, 0.689 to 0.950) and 0.983 (95% CI, 0.942 to 0.998) for 'routine' and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.958 to 1.00) and 0.896 (95% CI, 0.797 to 0.957) for 'observation', respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The AI system achieved promising performance in the diagnosis of cataracts and corneal diseases.
PubMed: 38242700
DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-324488 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024Evaluation of the effects of the latest root canal disinfectants i.e., Micro-bubble emulsion (MBE), Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (Nd: YAP), Emblica...
Canal disinfection using photo-chemically activated micro-bubble emulsion, Emblica officinalis, and Nd: YAP laser on smear layer and push-out bond strength of resin-based root canal sealer to the radicular dentin.
AIMS
Evaluation of the effects of the latest root canal disinfectants i.e., Micro-bubble emulsion (MBE), Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (Nd: YAP), Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) on the removal of smear layer (SL) and push out bond strength (PBS) of resin-based root canal sealer to the radicular dentin.
METHODS
The coronal portion of sixty single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth was precisely sectioned at the cementoenamel junction. The canals were prepared to utilize ProTaper universal rotary files till F3. All the study specimens were divided into four groups based on the disinfection regime (n = 15) Group 1: 5.25% NaOCl, Group 2: MBE, Group 3: Nd: YAP laser and Group 4: E. officinalis extract. All the canals were then finally irrigated using 17% EDTA solution as a final disinfecting agent. SL removal assessment was performed on five samples from each group using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ten samples from each group were then filled with root canal filling material and the roots were sectioned. Push-out test and failure mode analysis were performed using the universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope respectively. The mean scores of PBS and SL removal were compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tukey's HSD test p = 0.05.
RESULTS
Group-2 (MBE + EDTA) coronal section (1.50 ± 0.23) exhibited the most effective eradication of SL from the canal space. The apical third of Group-1 (NaOCl+EDTA) (2.68 ± 0.82) samples demonstrated the least effective removal of SL from the radicular canal. The maximum score of PBS of AH plus sealer to the canal dentin was exhibited by the coronal section of Group-2 (MBE + EDTA) (9.55 ± 0.45 MPa) samples. However, the apical third of Group-1 (NaOCl+ EDTA) specimens (5.16 ± 0.32 MPa) demonstrated the minimum EBS.
CONCLUSION
MBE+ EDTA displayed better smear layer removal and bond integrity of AH plus sealer to the root canal dentin. Nd: YAP+ EDTA laser and E.officinalis displayed comparable outcomes to that of control NaOCl+ EDTA.
Topics: Humans; Epoxy Resins; Smear Layer; Phyllanthus emblica; Disinfection; Edetic Acid; Emulsions; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Lasers
PubMed: 38242188
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103981 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2024The purpose of this study was to i) synthesise TEGDMA-DHEPT microcapsules in a laboratory setting; ii) characterise the resultant microcapsules for quality measures.
AIM
The purpose of this study was to i) synthesise TEGDMA-DHEPT microcapsules in a laboratory setting; ii) characterise the resultant microcapsules for quality measures.
MATERIALS & METHODS
Microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization of PUF shells. Microcapsules characterisation include size analysis, optical and SEM microscopy to measure the diameter and analyse the morphology of PUF microcapsules. FT-IR spectrometer evaluated microcapsules and benzyl peroxide catalyst polymerization independently.
RESULT
Average diameter of TEGDMA-DHEPT microcapsules was 120 ± 45 μm (n: 100). SEM imaging of the capsular shell revealed a smooth outer surface with deposits of PUF nanoparticles that facilitate resin matrix retention to the microcapsules upon composite fracture. FT-IR spectra showed that microcapsules crushed with BPO catalyst had degree of conversion reached to 60.3%.
CONCLUSION
TEGDMA-DHEPT microcapsules were synthesised according to the selected parameters. The synthesised microcapsules have a self-healing potential when embedded into dental resin composite as will be demonstrated in our future work.
Topics: Humans; Composite Resins; Capsules; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids
PubMed: 38238688
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03764-8 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Oct 2023The recommendation of toothbrushing which is twice daily for 2 min is well known, but for most parents, getting their children to brush is a stressful task. The barriers... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A comparative evaluation of the learning outcome of toothbrushing in preschoolers by a novel cartoon-based education aid with conventional toothbrushing model education technique: A randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The recommendation of toothbrushing which is twice daily for 2 min is well known, but for most parents, getting their children to brush is a stressful task. The barriers are numerous. In this study, we focused on imparting knowledge and motivation to toothbrushing while making it into a playful activity for the child as well as their parents.
AIM
The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the learning outcome of toothbrushing by a novel cartoon-based education aid with conventional toothbrushing model education technique in preschoolers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 43 children aged between 3 and 5 years randomly allocated into two groups: Group A received toothbrushing instruction through play with a novel cartoon-based education aid and Group B received instructions through an acrylic brushing model. Both the groups were recalled on the 8th day, and the glass index was used to assess for plaque estimation. The intergroup comparison was done by unpaired t-test and the intragroup analysis by paired t-test.
RESULTS
The comparison of the mean plaque scores in both the groups at the 8th day was not significant statistically (P = 0.965). The intragroup analysis, from baseline to the 8th day, in Group A, with mean difference (0.277 ± 0.751), was not statistically significant (P = 0.135), whereas in Group B, the mean difference (0.400 ± 0.598) was statistically significant (P = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS
The reduced mean of plaque scores proves that both the techniques had a positive impact on reducing the plaque scores; however, the comparison between the two groups was not statistically significant.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Toothbrushing; Dental Plaque Index; Single-Blind Method; Dental Plaque; Parents
PubMed: 38235816
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_496_23 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Oct 2023The tongue coating is a grayish-white deposit that quickly reflects the state of health or disease of the human body. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) is a...
BACKGROUND
The tongue coating is a grayish-white deposit that quickly reflects the state of health or disease of the human body. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) is a novel digital imaging system that objectively quantifies tongue coating.
AIMS
The present study aims to evaluate the correlation between the visual assessment of tongue coating and tongue coating by analysis of QLF-digital (QLF-D) images.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This was an in vivo explorative study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty children aged 11-13 years with clinically visible tongue coating were selected for the study. Tongue coating was assessed clinically by the Tongue Coating Index (Shimizu et al., 2007) and digitally by QLF-D Biluminator™ 2, C3 software.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 23.0 software. Spearman's rho correlation test was done, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
A statistically significant correlation was found between the visual assessment scoring and the QLF image analysis for the evaluation of tongue coating.
CONCLUSION
The Digital QLF tongue imaging system was found to be reliable due to its correlation with the clinical score and objective nature.
Topics: Child; Humans; Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence; Fluorescence; Tongue; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38235815
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_446_23 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Oct 2023The aim of the study was to compare the cariogenicity of human breast milk (HBM), bovine milk, and infant milk formulas. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
The aim of the study was to compare the cariogenicity of human breast milk (HBM), bovine milk, and infant milk formulas.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ninety children of 1-4 years were randomly selected according to the type of milk they consume and were divided into five groups: Group I - HBM, Group II - cow milk, Group III - buffalo milk, Group IV - Lactogen 2, and Group V - Dexolac 4. Three parameters were assessed (salivary pH, plaque pH, and Streptococcus mutans count). Baseline salivary pH was measured, plaque sample was collected from children before feeding, and then, children were fed with milk. The second sample was collected after 45 min of feeding and the third sample after 3 h of second sample collection. Collected plaque samples were assessed for plaque pH and were sent to microbiological laboratory and cultured on blood agar. The intergroup comparison was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Intragroup comparison was done by one-way anova and Bonferroni test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
No statistically significant difference in intra- and intergroup comparisons of salivary pH was noted. However, with regard to plaque pH, there is a statistically significant difference in the second sample in Groups III, IV, and V. There was an increase in colony-forming units of S. mutans in plaque samples from baseline to the third sample in Groups IV and V.
CONCLUSION
Lactogen 2 and Dexolac 4 showed greater cariogenic activity, buffalo milk is mildly cariogenic, whereas HBM and cow milk showed least cariogenicity.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Buffaloes; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Milk; Milk, Human; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 38235812
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_450_23 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2024Peri-implantitis is a polybacterial infection that can lead to the failure of dental implant rehabilitation. This study aimed to profile the microbiome of the...
BACKGROUND
Peri-implantitis is a polybacterial infection that can lead to the failure of dental implant rehabilitation. This study aimed to profile the microbiome of the peri-implant plaque and estimate the effect of periodontitis on it among 40 Chinese participants with dental implant prostheses and presenting with varying peri-implant and periodontal health states.
METHODS
Submucosal plaque samples were collected from four distinct clinical categories based on both their implant and periodontal health status at sampling point. Clinical examinations of dental implant and remaining teeth were carried out. Metagenomic analysis was then performed.
RESULTS
The microbiome of the peri-implantitis sites differed from that of healthy implant sites, both taxonomically and functionally. Moreover, the predominant species in peri-implantitis sites were slightly affected by the presence of periodontitis. T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and P. endodontalis were consistently associated with peri-implantitis and inflammatory clinical parameters regardless of the presence of periodontitis. Prevotella spp. and P. endodontalis showed significant differences in the peri-implantitis cohorts under different periodontal conditions. The most distinguishing function between diseased and healthy implants is related to flagellar assembly, which plays an important role in epithelial cell invasion.
CONCLUSIONS
The composition of the peri-implant microbiome varied in the diseased and healthy states of implants and is affected by individual periodontal conditions. Based on their correlations with clinical parameters, certain species are associated with disease and healthy implants. Flagellar assembly may play a vital role in the process of peri-implantitis.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Dental Implants; Cross-Sectional Studies; Periodontitis; Microbiota; Dental Plaque; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 38233815
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03442-9