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Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Mar 2024To investigate the effectiveness of a novel agent containing Nano Silver Fluoride 1500 (NSF 1500) and chitosan to inactivate carious lesions in children.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the effectiveness of a novel agent containing Nano Silver Fluoride 1500 (NSF 1500) and chitosan to inactivate carious lesions in children.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included eighty children. While both groups had fluoride dentifrice applied to their teeth, only the experimental group received treatment with the NSF 1500-ppm solution. The first and sixth-month interval examinations were conducted by two calibrated dentists (k = 0.85).
RESULTS
The NSF 1500 group had 69.2% of their teeth with arrested decay, while the control group had 24.1%. The difference was statistically significant ( 0.001), with a preventive fraction of 59.4%. The number needed to treat (NNT) was approximately two. The NSF 1500 formulation was more effective than toothbrushing alone with fluoridated dentifrice in preventing dental caries.
CONCLUSIONS
The effectiveness of NSF 1500 is determined by the size and depth of the dental cavity. Its ability to arrest caries lesions was comparable to previously tested products, NSF 400 and NSF 600. Preventive dentistry, dental caries, nanoparticles.
PubMed: 38600926
DOI: 10.4317/jced.60776 -
Cureus Mar 2024Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) involves sensitive symptoms, because of exposure of the dentinal tubules. Various materials have been utilized to occlude dentinal tubules...
Evaluation and Comparison for the Efficacy of 810 nm Diode Laser, Nano Carbonate Apatite and Their Combination Over Dentinal Tubules Occlusion: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.
BACKGROUND
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) involves sensitive symptoms, because of exposure of the dentinal tubules. Various materials have been utilized to occlude dentinal tubules for the treatment of DH. Here is a comparative evaluation of nano-carbonate apatite (n-CAP), diode laser, and their combination over the occlusion of dentinal tubules.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Ten intact first premolars were used in this study, out of which 40 dentin disk specimens were obtained by hard tissue microtomy. Four study groups were formulated out of which one was the control group and the remaining three were test groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to evaluate the diameter of the dentinal tubules in each group.
RESULTS
On examining data, it was observed that the mean diameter of dentinal tubules in four study groups of control, laser, n-CAP, and n-CAP + laser was found to be 3.40, 2.00, 0.46, and 0.02 respectively. This shows the significant reduction in the diameter of dentinal tubules in the test groups when compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION
Among all the measures used to see for a reduction in the diameter of dentinal tubules, the combination group was found to be most occluding, though each of the groups also had a significant reduction in the diameter of dentinal tubules. The present study showed that combination therapy offers a promising means of treating DH in a clinical setting when compared with the treatment of DH n-CAP containing dentifrice or laser irradiation alone.
PubMed: 38586653
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55718 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Mar 2024Fluoridated dentifrices have antibacterial effects on children's teeth. On the other hand, the side effects encountered with the use of them have led researchers to look...
Fluoridated dentifrices have antibacterial effects on children's teeth. On the other hand, the side effects encountered with the use of them have led researchers to look for safe alternatives. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of different commercially available fluoride-free dentifrices on () in comparison with different concentrations of fluoridated dentifrices. Study groups comprised of fluoride-free dentifrices, which contain Probiotic (Activated Charcoal Probiotic Dentifrice-Group P), Aloe Vera-Group AV and Salivary Proteins-Group SP. Fluoridated dentifrices containing 1450 ppm fluoride-Control Group 1 and 500 ppm fluoride-Control Group 2 served as control groups. Antibacterial activity was assessed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations and agar well diffusion assays on . Biofilm inhibition assay was performed with dentifrices, which had antibacterial activities, and a negative control phosphate-buffered saline (Group PBS) on sterile hydroxyapatite discs against . Statistical evaluation was performed. Only group AV showed an antibacterial effect on , while control groups showed a similar antibacterial effect. The mean number of viable bacteria present in biofilm in Control Group 1 and 2 and Group AV were statistically significantly lower than that in Group PBS, but there were no statistically significant differences between Control Groups and Group AV. Antibacterial activity of commercial dentifrices against may be exerted by antibacterial components other than fluoride. Aloe vera-containing toothpaste showed an antibacterial effect on , although not as much as the fluoride-containing toothpastes in the control groups. However, further and long-term studies are required.
Topics: Child; Humans; Dentifrices; Fluorides; Streptococcus mutans; Toothpastes; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38548635
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.035 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly 48h after hospital admission. The establishment of a straightforward, affordable, and applicable hygiene protocol in a hospital environment for the effective control of denture biofilm can be particularly useful to prevent respiratory infections or reduce the course of established lung disease.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the anti-biofilm effectiveness of denture cleaning protocols in hospitalized patients.
METHODOLOGY
The maxillary complete dentures (MCDs) of 340 hospitalized participants were randomly cleaned once using one of the following 17 protocols (n=20): brushing with distilled water, toothpaste, or neutral liquid soap (controls); immersion in chemical solutions (1% sodium hypochlorite, alkaline peroxide, 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate), or microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 min) combined or not with brushing. Before and after the application of the protocols, the biofilm of the intaglio surface of the MCDs was evaluated using two methods: denture biofilm coverage area (%) and microbiological quantitative cultures on blood agar and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (CFU/mL). Data were subjected to the Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05).
RESULTS
All 17 protocols significantly reduced the percentage area of denture biofilm and microbial and fungal load (P<0.05). The highest percentage reductions in the area of denture biofilm were observed for 1% hypochlorite solution with or without brushing and for 2% chlorhexidine solution and microwave irradiation only in association with brushing (P<0.05). The greatest reductions in microbial and fungal load were found for the groups that used solutions of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% hypochlorite and microwave irradiation, regardless of the association with brushing (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
A single immersion for 10 min in 1% sodium hypochlorite, even in the absence of brushing, proved to be a straightforward, rapid, low-cost, and effective protocol for cleaning the dentures of hospitalized patients.
Topics: Humans; Agar; Biofilms; Chlorhexidine; Denture Cleansers; Denture, Complete; Dentures; Hypochlorous Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 38537031
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0381 -
Dentistry Journal Mar 2024Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023... (Review)
Review
Modern toothpastes are complex formulations with various ingredients. The aim of this study was to analyze the improvement of toothpaste formulations from 1900 to 2023 focusing on active ingredients with remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, and to discuss their influence on caries prevention. For this, worldwide patent applications were searched using the international database Espacenet from the European Patent Office. Additionally, toothpaste products were searched using the Mintel product database from 1996 to 2023. The searched ingredients were (in alphabetical order): calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, hydrated silica, sodium fluoride, sodium lauryl sulfate, triclosan, xylitol, and zinc salts as they are known from the scientific literature to be remineralizing or antibacterial/antiplaque agents. It was shown that the number of patent applications containing these ingredients significantly increased since the 1970s. As these ingredients have remineralizing, antibacterial, or plaque-removing effects, they all can contribute to caries prevention. In conclusion, and within the limitations of this approach, this study shows that toothpaste formulations have greatly improved over the past decades by using various active anticaries ingredients.
PubMed: 38534288
DOI: 10.3390/dj12030064 -
Dentistry Journal Mar 2024The objective was to systematically review studies that evaluated the effect of charcoal-based dentifrices (CbDs) and conventional whitening toothpastes (CWTs) on the... (Review)
Review
The Effect of Charcoal-Based Dentifrice and Conventional Whitening Toothpaste on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composite Resin: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.
The objective was to systematically review studies that evaluated the effect of charcoal-based dentifrices (CbDs) and conventional whitening toothpastes (CWTs) on the color stability (CS) and/or surface roughness (SR) of composite resin (CR). The question we focused on was "Do CbD and CWT affect the CS and/or SR of CR?" Indexed databases were searched without language and time restrictions up to and including May 2023 using different keywords. Original experimental studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies. Ten in vitro studies performed on CR were included. The number of CR samples assessed ranged between 18 and 200. In one study, CbDs altered the CS and SR of CR, whereas another study showed no difference in changes in the SR and CS of CR when CbDs were compared with CWTs. One study showed that compared with CWTs, CbDs caused changes in the CS of CR but changes in SR were similar between the two dentifrices. One study showed that CbDs and CWTs improved the overall color and enhanced the SR of CR. Three studies had a high RoB, five had a medium RoB, and two had a low RoB. Compared to CWTs, CbDs appeared to affect the CS of CR, but the SR of CR induced by both dentifrices remained consistent. Further well-designed and power-adjusted studies are needed.
PubMed: 38534282
DOI: 10.3390/dj12030058 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2024To compare the effectiveness of using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) in a Chinese population. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To compare the effectiveness of using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) in a Chinese population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a single-centre, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, three-treatment-arm, parallel-group study in participants with clinically diagnosed DH. Subjects who met inclusion criteria (n = 197) were randomly allocated into 3 groups: test group (n = 66)-using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily; positive control group (n = 64)-using a 5.0% calcium sodium phosphosilicate-containing dentifrice twice daily; negative control group (n = 67)-using a 1150 ppm of NaF dentifrice twice daily. Status of DH was assessed at week 4 and week 8 by the same independent examiner. Changes from baseline in Schiff sensitivity score, tactile threshold and Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ) score were analysed using analysis of covariance models. The DHEQ evaluated subject-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).
RESULTS
Statistically significant improvements in mean Schiff scores (p < 0.0001 for all products at Weeks 4 and 8), tactile threshold (p < 0.0001 for test and negative control at Weeks 4 and 8: Week 4 p = 0.0040 and Week 8 p < 0.0001 for positive control) and all DHEQ scores (p < 0.01 for all groups) were observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the adjusted mean between all dentifrices at both timepoints, potentially driven by a placebo effect. Forty-two treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported (n = 32 subjects), with 2 serious AEs (n = 1) in the test group. TEAEs were not considered treatment-related.
CONCLUSIONS
All groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Schiff score, tactile threshold and OHRQoL. However, due to a possible placebo effect in the negative control, there were no statistically significant differences between the dentifrices.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study adds to the growing research exploring why the placebo effect is a common phenomenon in DH studies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04950465.
Topics: Humans; Tin Fluorides; Dentifrices; Sodium Fluoride; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Dentin Sensitivity; Phosphates; Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Double-Blind Method; Touch; China; Fluorides
PubMed: 38530474
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05610-9 -
Cureus Feb 2024Background Discoloration affects glass ionomer cement (GIC) color stability due to its brittle nature and microporosity. To counter this, incorporating alternative...
Comparative Analysis of Color Stability and Its Impact on Artificial Aging: An In Vitro Study of Bioactive Chitosan, Titanium, Zirconia, and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle-Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement Compared With Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement.
Background Discoloration affects glass ionomer cement (GIC) color stability due to its brittle nature and microporosity. To counter this, incorporating alternative materials is essential for maintaining color stability. Aim This study aims to determine the color stability and gloss of GIC modified with bioactive chitosan, titanium, zirconia, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles before and after artificial aging. Materials and methods The study was conducted at Saveetha Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, located in Chennai, India. Green-mediated chitosan, titanium, zirconia, and hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanoparticles were synthesized using the one-pot synthesis technique. Forty-eight disc-shaped specimens were prepared by incorporating the obtained nanoparticles (nanocomposite) into the GIC, with a diameter of 5 mm and thickness of 2 mm. The specimens were prepared in different concentrations (3%, 5%, and 10%) designated as group I, group II, and group III, respectively. Group IV, serving as the control, consisted of conventional GIC without any modifications. Following preparation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis confirmed sample elements, and the specimens were submerged in distilled water for a duration of 24 hours prior to the commencement of testing. Subsequently, the specimens underwent artificial aging (thermocycling), between temperatures of 5°C and 55°C, for a total of 30,000 cycles, with a 30-second dwell time. Color change and gloss characteristics were assessed both after 24 hours and following thermocycling using a spectrophotometer and glossometer, respectively. The average color change parameter (ΔE) was measured using Adobe Photoshop. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using an unpaired t-test. Results Significant color stability variations were observed post thermocycling (P = 0.001). Group 2 (5%) exhibited minimal delta E difference (0.508 ± 0.105), indicating superior color stability, while group 4 (control) had maximum difference (1.15 ± 0.187), indicating lower stability. Gloss tests confirmed GIC's polishability, where there were significant differences among all the groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that 5% nanoparticle-modified GIC has better color stability and gloss than conventional GIC. Further studies are needed to analyze the color stability and gloss through dentifrices and other beverages.
PubMed: 38516425
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54517 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Apr 2024This study evaluated the remineralization potential of calcium sodium phosphosilicate and functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (f-TCP) dentifrices in deeper incipient...
Remineralization potential of dentifrices with calcium sodium phosphosilicate and functionalized tri-calcium phosphate in the deeper incipient carious lesions: An in vitro study.
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the remineralization potential of calcium sodium phosphosilicate and functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (f-TCP) dentifrices in deeper incipient carious lesions (ICLs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Artificial ICLs were created by placing premolars into demineralizing solutions. Teeth were randomly assigned into four groups: calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Group 1), f-TCP (Group 2), 1450 ppm fluoride (Group 3), and distilled water (Group 4), which were subjected to 10-day pH cycling. Mineral density (MD) was assessed using microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT), while hardness (H) and elastic modulus (EM) were assessed using nanomechanical testing.
RESULTS
MD % gain was higher in Groups 1-3 than in Group 4. In addition, Groups 1 and 2 exhibited significantly higher MD % gain than Group 3. Also, Groups 1-3 showed significantly higher EM and H values than Group 4 in the outer enamel area; yet, Groups 1 and 2 displayed significantly higher EM and H values than Groups 3 and 4 in the inner enamel.
CONCLUSIONS
The MD, EM, and H of ICLs significantly increased with the addition of calcium sodium phosphosilicate or f-TCP to fluoridated dentifrices compared to standard fluoride dentifrices. The added active ingredients remineralized the deeper parts of the ICLs, while remineralization at the lesion surface was similar between tested dentifrices.
Topics: Humans; Fluorides; Cariostatic Agents; Dentifrices; Calcium; X-Ray Microtomography; Calcium Phosphates; Dental Caries; Minerals; Fluorine Compounds; Sodium
PubMed: 38506322
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.876 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Poor oral hygiene affects the overall health and quality of life. However, the oral hygiene practice in rural communities and contributing factors are not well... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Poor oral hygiene affects the overall health and quality of life. However, the oral hygiene practice in rural communities and contributing factors are not well documented. Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess oral hygiene practices and associated factors among rural communities in northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1190 households. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire, prepared based on a review of relevant literature. The questionnaire comprises socio-demographic information, access to health and hygiene messages, oral hygiene practices, and water quality. We assessed oral hygiene practices with these criteria: mouth wash with clean water in every morning, mouth wash with clean water after eating, brushing teeth regularly, and avoiding gum pricking. Gum pricking in this study is defined as sticking needles or wires into gums to make the gums black for beauty. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with oral hygiene practices. Significant associations were declared on the basis of adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-values < 0.05.
RESULTS
Results showed that all the family members usually washed their mouth with clean water in everyday morning and after eating in 65.2% and 49.6% of the households, respectively. Furthermore, 29.9% of the households reported that all the family members regularly brushed their teeth using toothbrush sticks and one or more of the family members in 14.5% of the households had gum pricking. Overall, 42.9% (95% CI: 39.9, 45.6%) of the households had good oral hygiene practices. Health and/or hygiene education was associated with good oral hygiene practices in the area (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.21).
CONCLUSION
More than half of the households had poor oral hygiene practices in the area and cleaning of teeth with toothpastes is not practiced in the area, where as gum pricking is practiced in more than one-tenth of the households. The local health department needs provide community-level oral health education/interventions, such as washing mouth with clean water at least twice a day, teeth brushing using indigenous methods such as toothbrush sticks or modern methods such as toothpastes, and avoiding gum pricking to promote oral health.
Topics: Humans; Oral Hygiene; Ethiopia; Rural Population; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mouthwashes; Quality of Life; Toothpastes; Sanitation
PubMed: 38461252
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04049-4