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Nature Communications May 2024Organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials have attracted extensive attention, but their development is limited by the stability and processibility. Herein,...
Organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials have attracted extensive attention, but their development is limited by the stability and processibility. Herein, based on the on-line derivatization strategy, we report the urea-formaldehyde room-temperature phosphorescence materials which are constructed by polycondensation of aromatic diamines with urea and formaldehyde. Excitingly, urea-formaldehyde room-temperature phosphorescence materials achieve phosphor lifetime up to 3326 ms. There may be two ways to enhance phosphorescence performance, one is that the polycondensation of aromatic diamine with urea and formaldehyde promotes spin-orbit coupling, and another is that the imidazole derivatives derived from the condensation of aromatic o-diamine with formaldehyde maintains low levels of energy level difference and spin-orbit coupling, thus achieving ultra-long afterglow. Surprisingly, urea-formaldehyde room-temperature phosphorescence materials exhibit tunable phosphorescence emission in electrostatic field. Accordingly, 1,4-phenylenediamine, urea, and formaldehyde are copolymerized and self-assembled into phosphorescence microspheres with different electrostatic potential strengths. By mixing 1 wt% 1,4-phenylenediamine polycondensation microspheres with 1,4-phenylenediamine free microspheres, phosphor lifetime of the composite could be regulated from 27 ms to 123 ms. Moreover, vulcanization process enables precise shaping of urea-formaldehyde room-temperature phosphorescence materials. This work not only demonstrates that urea-formaldehyde room-temperature phosphorescence materials are promising candidates for organic phosphors, but also exhibits the phenomenon of electrostatically regulated phosphorescence.
PubMed: 38789444
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48744-w -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jul 2024Manganese (Mn) overexposure has been associated with the development of neurological damage reminiscent of Parkinson's disease, while the underlying mechanisms have yet...
Manganese (Mn) overexposure has been associated with the development of neurological damage reminiscent of Parkinson's disease, while the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully characterized. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms leading to injury in dopaminergic neurons induced by Mn and identify novel treatment approaches. In the in vivo and in vitro models, ICR mice and dopaminergic neuron-like PC12 cells were exposed to Mn, respectively. We treated them with anti-ferroptotic agents ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), deferoxamine (DFO), HIF-1α activator dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and inhibitor LW6. We also used p53-siRNA to verify the mechanism underlying Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Fe and Mn concentrations increased in ICR mice brains overexposed to Mn. Additionally, Mn-exposed mice exhibited movement impairment and encephalic pathological changes, with decreased HIF-1α, SLC7A11, and GPX4 proteins and increased p53 protein levels. Fer-1 exhibited protective effects against Mn-induced both behavioral and biochemical changes. Consistently, in vitro, Mn exposure caused ferroptosis-related changes and decreased HIF-1α levels, all ameliorated by Fer-1. Upregulation of HIF-1α by DMOG alleviated the Mn-associated ferroptosis, while LW6 exacerbated Mn-induced neurotoxicity through downregulating HIF-1α. p53 knock-down also rescued Mn-induced ferroptosis without altering HIF-1α protein expression. Mn overexposure resulted in ferroptosis in dopaminergic neurons, mediated through the HIF-1α/p53/SLC7A11 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Ferroptosis; PC12 Cells; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Manganese; Brain; Amino Acid Transport System y+; Rats; Male; Dopaminergic Neurons; Cyclohexylamines; Phenylenediamines; Deferoxamine; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase; Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic
PubMed: 38788562
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116481 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024causes a fungal respiratory disease. Some studies suggest that the fungus requires zinc to consolidate the infection. This study aimed to investigate the influence of...
causes a fungal respiratory disease. Some studies suggest that the fungus requires zinc to consolidate the infection. This study aimed to investigate the influence of zinc and the metal chelator TPEN on the growth of in planktonic and biofilm forms. The results showed that zinc increased the metabolic activity, cell density, and cell viability of planktonic growth. Similarly, there was an increase in biofilm metabolic activity but no increase in biomass or extracellular matrix production. N'-N,N,N,N-tetrakis-2-pyridylmethylethane-1,2 diamine (TPEN) dramatically reduced the same parameters in the planktonic form and resulted in a decrease in metabolic activity, biomass, and extracellular matrix production for the biofilm form. Therefore, the unprecedented observations in this study highlight the importance of zinc ions for the growth, development, and proliferation of cells and provide new insights into the role of metal ions for biofilm formation in the dimorphic fungus , which could be a potential therapeutic strategy.
PubMed: 38786716
DOI: 10.3390/jof10050361 -
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering May 2024Environmentally persistent polystyrene or polyacrylic beads are used as supports in enzyme large-scale bioprocesses, including conversion glucose isomerization for...
Environmentally persistent polystyrene or polyacrylic beads are used as supports in enzyme large-scale bioprocesses, including conversion glucose isomerization for high-fructose corn syrup production, hydrolysis of lactose, and synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. In this paper, we report the development of a novel sustainable and scalable method to produce diaminated cellulose beads (DAB) as highly efficient alternative supports for industrially relevant lipases. Regenerated cellulose beads were grafted with diaminated aliphatic hydrocarbons via periodate oxidation and reductive amination. The oxidation step indicated that aldehyde content can be easily tuned through the reaction time and concentration of reactants. Reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose was more efficient as the length of the diaminated hydrocarbon compound increased. Morphological analysis of DAB showed that cellulose chemical grafting enabled the preservation of the bead shape and internal structure upon freeze-drying. Enzymatic degradability studies demonstrated that chemical functionalization did not undermine enzyme cellulose hydrolysis. The addition of aminated moieties on cellulose dramatically increased absorption efficiency for all industrially relevant lipases used, reaching 100% for lipase (TLL). Storage and recyclability experiments demonstrated that enzymes were retained and recyclable for at least nine cycles, although the activity gradually declined after each cycle. Medium chain triacylglycerol hydrolysis in a SpinChem reactor using TLL immobilized on 1,6 DAB exhibited higher activity compared to acrylic beads (588 vs 459 U/g) suggesting that biodegradable cellulose-based materials could be a valid and attractive alternative to plastics carriers.
PubMed: 38783841
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07849 -
F1000Research 2023This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate fluoride Varnish... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Preventive efficacy of 38% silver diamine fluoride and CPP-ACP fluoride varnish on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization in children: A randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate fluoride Varnish (CPP-ACPFV) in preventing caries development, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children.
METHODS
A total of 100 children aged 6 to 9 years were enrolled in the study with two contralateral permanent molars mildly affected by MIH. Affected molars were randomly and equally assigned to receive either SDF or CPP-ACPFV treatment. The interventions were applied at four different time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9 months), and the incidence of caries, caries progression, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity were assessed.
RESULTS
The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the incidence of caries between the groups treated with SDF and CPP-ACPFV ( -value < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in caries progression between the two groups ( -value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in enamel breakdown scores between the treatment groups, as the majority of teeth in both groups exhibited a score of 0. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in sensitivity between the treatment groups throughout the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that molars treated with SDF demonstrated a lower incidence of caries and a higher rate of caries arrest compared to those treated with CPP-ACPFV. Both interventions showed promise in preventing enamel breakdown and improving sensitivity. These findings highlight the potential of SDF and CPP-ACPFV as effective treatments for caries prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and appropriate dental care strategies in maintaining oral health.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN54243749 (13/01/2022).
Topics: Humans; Silver Compounds; Child; Female; Male; Fluorides, Topical; Caseins; Molar; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Treatment Outcome; Molar Hypomineralization
PubMed: 38778809
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.136653.2 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy May 2024To perform a detailed morphological analysis of the inorganic portion of two different clinical presentations of calcium-based deposits retrieved from subjects with SSc...
BACKGROUND
To perform a detailed morphological analysis of the inorganic portion of two different clinical presentations of calcium-based deposits retrieved from subjects with SSc and identify a chemical dissolution of these deposits suitable for clinical use.
METHODS
Chemical analysis using Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy ('FTIR'), Raman microscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction ('PXRD'), and Transmission Electron Microscopy ('TEM') was undertaken of two distinct types of calcinosis deposits: paste and stone. Calcinosis sample titration with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ('EDTA') assessed the concentration at which the EDTA dissolved the calcinosis deposits in vitro.
RESULTS
FTIR spectra of the samples displayed peaks characteristic of hydroxyapatite, where signals attributable to the phosphate and carbonate ions were all identified. Polymorph characterization using Raman spectra were identical to a hydroxyapatite reference while the PXRD and electron diffraction patterns conclusively identified the mineral present as hydroxyapatite. TEM analysis showed differences of morphology between the samples. Rounded particles from stone samples were up to a few micron in size, while needle-like crystals from paste samples reached up to 0.5 µm in length. Calcium phosphate deposits were effectively dissolved with 3% aqueous solutions of EDTA, in vitro. Complete dissolution of both types of deposit was achieved in approximately 30 min using a molar ratio of EDTA/HAp of ≈ 300.
CONCLUSIONS
Stone and paste calcium-based deposits both comprise hydroxyapatite, but the constituent crystals vary in size and morphology. Hydroxyapatite is the only crystalline polymorph present in the SSc-related calcinosis deposits. Hydroxyapatite can be dissolved in vitro using a dosage of EDTA considered safe for clinical application. Further research is required to establish the optimal medium to develop the medical product, determine the protocol for clinical application, and to assess the effectiveness of EDTA for local treatment of dystrophic calcinosis.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Humans; Calcinosis; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Female; Durapatite; Middle Aged; Male; Calcium Chelating Agents
PubMed: 38778407
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03324-7 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in the success of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) as they directly impact the proliferation...
INTRODUCTION
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a crucial role in the success of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) as they directly impact the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. TGF-β1 is released by conditioning of the dentin matrix using 17% EDTA. EDTA was found to have deleterious effects on dentin especially in immature teeth with fragile dentin walls. Decreasing the irrigation time was reported to decrease these effects. Accordingly, enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution to maintain its efficiency in TGF-β1 release from dentin and thus compensating the reduction in irrigation time was employed. EDTA solution was enhanced by adding Nanobubble (NB) water which contains oxygen filled cavities less than 200 nm in diameter. Additionally, EDTA was activated with XP-endo Finisher rotary file. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of NB enhancement and/or XP-endo Finisher activation of the EDTA solution on the TGF-β1 release from dentin.
METHODS
Fifty standardized root segments with open apex were allocated to two main groups according to whether EDTA was enhanced with NB water or not, and within each group whether XP-endo Finisher activation was used or not in addition to a Negative Control group. The concentration of the released TGF-β1 in the root canal was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro- Wilk, Kolmogorov Smirnov, ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests.
RESULTS
All groups released a considerable amount of TGF-β1 with the highest values in the EDTA/NB/XP group, followed by EDTA/NB, EDTA/DW/XP, EDTA/DW and Negative Control groups respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that NBs can promote the success of REPs since it revealed a significant increase in the TGF-β1 release following its use in the enhancement of the EDTA solution. A comparable effect was obtained by XP-endo finisher activation of the EDTA solution. The combined use of NBs and XP-endo Finisher can be a promising addition in REPs. Accordingly, Enhancement and activation of the EDTA solution may compensate decreasing the EDTA irrigation time attempted to avoid the deleterious effect of EDTA on dentin.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Humans; Dentin; Regenerative Endodontics; Root Canal Irrigants; Water; Root Canal Preparation; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
PubMed: 38778321
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04355-x -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Aug 2024Haematospirillum jordaniae is a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified in the blood of septic patients. The environmental source or potential zoonotic host of...
Haematospirillum jordaniae is a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified in the blood of septic patients. The environmental source or potential zoonotic host of this bacterium, recently described as a human bacterial pathogen is unknown. An increasing number of H. jordaniae clinical infections identified by our laboratory suggested the need for an assay to detect this organism in order to aid clinical teams and practitioners with faster identification and treatment thus improving patient prognosis. Described here is a real-time qualitative PCR assay designed using gene targets identified from the analysis of 14 H. jordaniae genomes sequenced by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Special Bacterial Reference Laboratory (SBRL) culture collection. The assay was validated on clinical EDTA whole blood samples as well as on plasma and determined to be effective at detecting as few as 10 copies per microliter (10,000 copies per mL, 4 log/mL) for whole blood samples and 1 copy per microliter (1,000 copies per mL, 3 log mL) for plasma samples.
Topics: Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Plasma; Sensitivity and Specificity; Edetic Acid; Blood; DNA, Bacterial
PubMed: 38776662
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116310 -
Bio-based epoxy resin/carbon nanotube coatings applied on cotton fabrics for smart wearable systems.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Sep 2024Electroactive coatings for smart wearable textiles based on a furan bio-epoxy monomer (BOMF) crosslinked with isophorone diamine (IPD) and additivated with carbon...
Electroactive coatings for smart wearable textiles based on a furan bio-epoxy monomer (BOMF) crosslinked with isophorone diamine (IPD) and additivated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reported herein. The effect of BOMF/IPD molar ratio on the curing reaction, as well as on the properties of the crosslinked resins was first assessed, and it was found that 1.5:1 BOMF/IPD molar ratio provided higher heat of reaction, glass transition temperature, and mechanical performance. The resin was then modified with CNT to prepare electrically conductive nanocomposite films, which exhibited conductivity values increased by eight orders of magnitude upon addition of 5 phr of CNTs. The epoxy/CNT nanocomposites were finally applied as coatings onto a cotton fabric to develop electrically conductive, hydrophobic and breathable textiles. Notably, the integration of CNTs imparted efficient and reversible electrothermal behavior to the cotton fabric, showcasing its potential application in smart and comfortable wearable electronic devices.
PubMed: 38763029
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.062 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research May 2024Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
BACKGROUND
Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
OBJECTIVE
To assess lesion and tooth color changes from 2 novel silver fluoride (AgF) products and its relationship to caries activity (clinical visuo-tactile scores) and bacterial load (using laser fluorescence with the DIAGNOdent).
METHODS
A split-mouth design was followed, with matched smooth surface carious lesions in the same arch in adults with special needs randomized for 1-min treatments with AgF/potassium iodide (KI) (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/stannous fluoride (SnF) (Caries Status Disclosing Solution; Whiteley). Standardized images taken at baseline, immediately postoperatively, and at 3-mo review were subjected to digital image analysis to calculate delta-E and to track changes in luminosity of carious lesions.
RESULTS
Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Significantly greater changes were seen in treated lesions than in the adjacent noncarious natural tooth structure, both immediately after treatment and at the 3-mo review ( < 0.0001). Color change and caries activity were not affected by tooth type, tooth location, plaque status, salivary status, or special needs condition. AgF/SnF caused transitory darkening immediately on application, while AgF/KI caused the immediate formation of yellow deposits (silver iodide). Both products caused significant darkening of treated lesions at 3 mo ( = 0.0009; = 0.0361), with no differences between them ( = 0.506). Responding lesions showed larger and more perceptible color changes immediately after either AgF application ( = 0.002; = 0.024).
CONCLUSIONS
Both AgF products were highly effective for caries arrest in this patient population. Despite minor differences in the appearance of treated lesions at the time of application, both products lead to similar darkening of treated sites at 3 mo.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
This study shows the usefulness of silver fluoride used in conjunction with potassium iodide or stannous fluoride for achieving caries arrest in smooth surface lesions in adults with special needs. Patients need to be informed that long-term staining of the lesion occurs with both, similar to silver diamine fluoride.
PubMed: 38760973
DOI: 10.1177/23800844241246199