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Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Considerable focus has been directed toward green synthesis as a dependable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing various nanomaterials. ,...
BACKGROUND
Considerable focus has been directed toward green synthesis as a dependable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing various nanomaterials. , a quickly grown pantropical weed, has been used widely for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity in traditional medicine. The development of strontium-based nanoparticles and nanoparticles linked with strontium has garnered attention in recent years due to their established utility in diverse domains such as effective drug distribution, bioimaging, cancer treatment, and advancements in bone engineering.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To examine the green synthesise of strontium nanoparticles using Mimosa pudica and its anti-inflammatory activity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
-mediated strontium nanoparticles' anti-inflammatory activity was tested using bovine serum albumin denaturation assay, egg albumin denaturation assay, and membrane stabilization assay with diclofenac sodium as the standard. Result: In all three assays, increasing concentration of -mediated strontium nanoparticles exhibited an increasing anti-inflammatory effect, which was similar to the standard diclofenac sodium.
CONCLUSION
Consequently, this holds promise as a new potential anti-inflammatory agent in forthcoming applications.
PubMed: 38882793
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_586_23 -
Water Research Jun 2024Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are essential for maintaining a good water quality of surface waters. However, WWTPs are also associated with water quality...
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are essential for maintaining a good water quality of surface waters. However, WWTPs are also associated with water quality deterioration and hydro-morphological alteration. Riverine communities respond to these stressors with changes in their community structure, abundance and diversity. In this study, we used a dataset of 94 monitoring sites across North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany to investigate the influence of WWTPs on the water quality and hydro-morphological quality in river sections downstream of WWTP effluents. More specifically, we analyzed the effects of the percentage of WWTP effluents (in relation to median base flow) on four stressor groups (physico-chemistry, micropollutants, hydrological and morphological alteration) using Linear Mixed Models (LMM). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of a selection of twelve ecologically relevant stressor variables reflecting water quality deterioration and hydro-morphological alteration on reference fish communities using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The percentage of WWTP effluents was correlated with water quality, especially with toxic units of a wide range of pharmaceuticals including diclofenac, venlafaxine and sulfamethoxazole (R² up to 0.54) as well as specific pesticides (e.g., terbutryn: R² = 0.33). The correlation of percent WWTP effluents with hydro-morphological alteration was weaker and most pronounced for the frequency of high flow (R² = 0.24) and flow variability (R² = 0.19). About 40 % of the variance in the fish community structure were explained by 12 stressor variables in the CCA models. Water quality and hydrological, but not morphological stressors showed strong albeit highly variable effects on individual fish species. The results indicate that water quality degradation and hydrological alteration are important factors determining the ecological status of fish communities. In this context, WWTP effluents can impose relevant point sources of pollution that affect water quality but also cause alterations of the hydrological regime. Further management measures addressing both stressor groups are needed to improve the ecological status.
PubMed: 38880012
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121914 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Apr 2024is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug that is considered a non-antibiotic drug. This study assessed the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug that is considered a non-antibiotic drug. This study assessed the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of diclofenac and levofloxacin/diclofenac combination against levofloxacin resistant isolates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using broth microdilution method for levofloxacin, diclofenac, and levofloxacin/diclofenac combination. Biofilm forming capacity and biofilm inhibition assay were determined. Relative gene expression was measured for efflux pump genes; , and genes and biofilm related genes , and without and with diclofenac and the combination.
RESULTS
Diclofenac demonstrated MIC of 1 mg/ml. The combination-with ½ MIC diclofenac-showed synergism where levofloxacin MIC undergone 16-32 fold decrease. All the isolates that overexpressed and showed a significant decrease in gene expression in presence of diclofenac or the combination. The mean percentage inhibition of biofilm formation with diclofenac and the combination was 40.59% and 46.49%, respectively. This agreed with biofilm related genes expression investigations.
CONCLUSION
Diclofenac showed an antibacterial effect against The combination showed synergism, significant reduction in biofilm formation and in the relative level of gene expression. Furthermore, it can potentiate the levofloxacin activity or revert its resistance.
PubMed: 38854979
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i2.15349 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Drugs are chemical compounds used to treat and improve organic dysfunctions caused by diseases. These include analgesics, antibiotics, antidepressants, and...
Drugs are chemical compounds used to treat and improve organic dysfunctions caused by diseases. These include analgesics, antibiotics, antidepressants, and antineoplastics. They can enter aquatic environments through wastewater streams, where their physico-chemical properties allow metabolites to distribute and accumulate. Current climate change and associated extreme weather events may significantly impact these substances' toxicity and aquatic organisms' sensitivity. Among the chemicals present in aquatic environments is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DIC), which the EU monitors due to its concentration levels. This study investigated the influence of temperature (control at 17 °C vs. 21 °C) on the effects of DIC (0 μg/L vs. 1 μg/L) in the mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis. Significant results were observed between 17 and 21 °C. Organisms exposed to the higher temperature showed a decrease in several parameters, including metabolic capacity and detoxification, particularly with prolonged exposure. However, in some parameters, after 21 days, the M. galloprovincialis showed no differences from the control, indicating adaptation to the stress. The results of this study confirm that DIC concentrations in the environment, particularly when combined with increased temperatures, can produce oxidative stress and adversely affect M. galloprovincialis biochemical and physiological performance. This study also validates this species as a bioindicator for assessing environmental contamination with DIC. Beyond its direct impact on aquatic organisms, the presence of pharmaceuticals like DIC in the environment highlights the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health, underscoring the One Health approach to understanding and mitigating environmental pollution.
PubMed: 38848913
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173809 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2024Kidney damage can result from various factors, leading to structural and functional changes in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decline in kidney... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Kidney damage can result from various factors, leading to structural and functional changes in the kidney. Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decline in kidney function, while chronic kidney disease involves a gradual deterioration lasting more than 3 months. Mechanisms of renal injury include impaired microcirculation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs) are inflammatory substances contributing to tissue damage. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, has shown potential renoprotective effects in experimental models of kidney injury.
METHODS
The authors conducted a scoping review using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies investigating the impact of montelukast on renal diseases. Articles published until 2022 were included and evaluated for quality. Data extraction and analysis were performed based on predetermined inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
The scoping review included 30 studies from 8 countries. Montelukast demonstrated therapeutic effects in various experimental models of nephrotoxicity and AKI induced by agents such as cisplatin, lipopolysaccharide, diclofenac, amikacin, , cyclosporine, methotrexate, cobalt-60 gamma radiation, doxorubicin, and cadmium. Studies involving human subjects with nephrotic syndrome, pyelonephritis, and other renal diseases also reported positive outcomes with montelukast treatment. Montelukast exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and neutrophil-inhibiting properties, leading to improved kidney function and histopathological changes.
CONCLUSIONS
Montelukast shows promise as a renoprotective medication, particularly in early-stage kidney injury. Its ability to mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, and neutrophil infiltration contributes to its therapeutic effects. Further research is needed to explore the clinical applications and mechanisms underlying the renoprotective action of montelukast.
PubMed: 38846849
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002085 -
Heliyon Jun 2024The current work suggests a new, ultrasensitive green functionalized sensor for the determination of anti-inflammatory medication diclofenac sodium (DCF). Alumina (AlO)...
The current work suggests a new, ultrasensitive green functionalized sensor for the determination of anti-inflammatory medication diclofenac sodium (DCF). Alumina (AlO) and cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted great interest for their use as outstanding and electroactive nanocomposite in potentiometric and sensory research due to their ultrafunctional potential. The formed nanoparticles have been confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The fennel extract-mediated AlO/CeO nanocomposite (AlO/CeO NCS) modified coated wire membrane sensor developed in this study was used to quantify DCF in bulk and commercial products. Diclofenac sodium was coupled with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) to generate diclofenac phosphomolybdate (DCF-PM) as an active ion-pair in the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and -nitrophenyl octyl ether (-NPOE). Clear peaks at 270, and 303 nm with band gaps of 4.59 eV and 4.09 eV were measured using UV-vis spectroscopy of AlO and CeO, respectively. The crystallite sizes of the formed nanoparticles were XRD-determined to be 30.13 ± 8, 17.72 ± 3, and 35.8 ± 0.5 nm for AlO, CeO, and AlO/CeO NCS, respectively. The developed sensor showed excellent response for the measurement and assay of DCF, with a linearity between 1.0 × 10 and 1.0 × 10 mol L. E = (57.76) log [DCF] +622.69 was derived. On the other hand, the typical type DCF-PM presented a potentiometric response range of 1.0 × 10-1.0 × 10 mol L and a regression equation of E = (56.97) log [DCF]+367.16. The functionalized sensor that was proposed was successful in determining DCF in its commercial tablets with percent recovery 99.95 ± 0.3. Method validation has been used to improve the suitability of the suggested potentiometric technique, by studying various parameters with respect to the international council harmonization requirements for analytical methodologies.
PubMed: 38828354
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31425 -
Cureus May 2024Background Adjuvants have been discovered to prolong the analgesic impact of local anesthetics (LA), while the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block offers sufficient...
Comparative Study of Levobupivacaine Versus Levobupivacaine With Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant in Transversus Abdominis Block for Postoperative Pain Relief in Abdominal Hysterectomy Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study.
Background Adjuvants have been discovered to prolong the analgesic impact of local anesthetics (LA), while the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block offers sufficient postoperative pain relief after various abdominal procedures. Nevertheless, the impact of the given LA will determine the duration of the TAP block. Thus, in this investigation, we aimed to estimate the analgesic impact of combining dexmedetomidine (DEX) with levobupivacaine in the TAP block for patients having an infraumbilical incision for an abdominal hysterectomy while under spinal anesthetic. Aim This study aimed to determine the analgesic effect of DEX (0.5 mcg/kg) to 20 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine on each side in the TAP block in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). Materials and methods Two groups of 30 patients each, with ASA grades 1 and 2, were randomly selected from patients. Group N, comprising 30 patients, had a bilateral TAP block using 2 mL of normal saline and 20 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine. Group D (n = 30 patients) was given DEX at a dose of 0.5 mcg/kg (2 mL) in addition to 20 mL of 0.25% levobupivacaine given bilaterally. The TAP block was administered just after skin closure. Time of the initial analgesic dose administration; total fentanyl doses utilized as rescue analgesia; pain scores (numerical rating scale (NRS)) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours; and pre- and postoperative cortisol levels were also noted. For each group, 1 gram IV paracetamol was administered every eight hours. Drugs used for rescue analgesia (RA) were diclofenac 75 mg IV stat and fentanyl 1 mcg/kg. Results and discussion In addition to Group N having lower NRS scores at rest, Group D had a considerably longer time for initial rescue analgesia than Group N. There was also a significant decrease in the total fentanyl consumption and postoperative serum cortisol levels in Group D in contrast to Group N. Conclusion Potential adjuvant DEX prolongs postoperative analgesia in patients experiencing abdominal hysterectomy when used alongside LA in TAP.
PubMed: 38826898
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59523 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2024Developing cost-efficient wastewater treatment technologies for safe reuse is essential, especially in developing countries simultaneously facing water scarcity. This...
Developing cost-efficient wastewater treatment technologies for safe reuse is essential, especially in developing countries simultaneously facing water scarcity. This study developed and evaluated a hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) approach, incorporating tidal flow (TF) operation and utilising local Jordanian zeolite as a wetland substrate for real pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment. Over 273 days of continuous monitoring, the results revealed that the first-stage TFCWs filled with either raw or modified zeolite performed significantly higher reductions in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD, 58 %-60 %), Total Nitrogen (TN, 32 %-37 %), and Phosphate (PO, 46 %-64 %) compared to TFCWs filled with normal sand. Water quality further improved after the second stage of horizontal subsurface flow CWs treatment, achieving log removals of 1.09-2.47 for total coliform and 1.89-2.09 for E. coli. With influent pharmaceutical concentrations ranging from 275 to 2000 μg/L, the zeolite-filled hybrid CWs achieved complete removal (>98 %) for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, and enrofloxacin, moderate removal (43 %-81 %) for flumequine and lincomycin, and limited removal (<8 %) for carbamazepine and diclofenac. The overall accumulation of pharmaceuticals in plant tissue and substrate adsorption accounted for only 2.3 % and 4.3 %, respectively, of the total mass removal. Biodegradation of these pharmaceuticals (up to 61 %) through microbial-mediated processes or within plant tissues was identified as the key removal pathway. For both conventional pollutants and pharmaceuticals, modified zeolite wetland media could only slightly enhance treatment without a significant difference between the two treatment groups. The final effluent from all hybrid CWs complied with Jordanian treated industry wastewater reuse standards (category III), and systems filled with raw or modified zeolite achieved over 95 % of samples meeting the highest water reuse category I. This study provides evidence of using hybrid CWs technology as a nature-based solution to address water safety and scarcity challenges.
Topics: Wetlands; Wastewater; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Jordan; Drug Industry; Zeolites; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis
PubMed: 38823717
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173634 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jun 2024Neuropathic pain is chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neuropathic pain, with a high incidence and complex pathogenesis, is...
Neuropathic pain is chronic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neuropathic pain, with a high incidence and complex pathogenesis, is one of the most significant areas of clinical medicine and basic research. Currently, prescribed treatments are still unsatisfactory or have limited effectiveness. A medicinal preparation is required that relieves the neuropathic pain and prolongs action time, which has not yet been discovered. In this study, MIL-101 (Fe) was employed as a drug carrier to regulate the release of diclofenac sodium, thereby achieving the effect of analgesia and sustained release. The release curves demonstrated that diclofenac sodium could be continuously released from MIL-101 (Fe) for more than 48 h. There was no toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and the safety of MIL-101 (Fe) was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin as well as ELISA tests in vivo. The results of behavioral testing, pharmacokinetics, and RNA sequencing analysis showed that MIL-101 (Fe) loaded with diclofenac sodium could enhance the mechanical withdrawal threshold and alleviate cold allodynia induced by Spared Nerve Injury, prolonging the work time by three days. The results indicated that MIL-101 (Fe) exhibited excellent biocompatibility, while the MIL-101 (Fe)-DS demonstrated analgesic and controlled-release properties. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the clinical management of neuropathic pain and the development of a novel formulation.
Topics: Animals; Diclofenac; Neuralgia; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Transcriptome; Nanomedicine; Rats; Drug Carriers; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Drug Liberation; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperalgesia
PubMed: 38821436
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124276