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Scientific Reports May 2024Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered as an excellent biomaterial for bone grafting and connective tissue replacement. The clinical potential is, however, limited by...
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is considered as an excellent biomaterial for bone grafting and connective tissue replacement. The clinical potential is, however, limited by its bioinertness, poor osteoconduction, and weak antibacterial activity. These disadvantages can be overcome by introducing suitable additives to produce mineral-polymer composites or coatings. In this work, a PEEK-based bioactive composite has been obtained by blending the polymer with magnesium phosphate (Mg(PO)) particles in amounts ranging from 1 to 10 wt.% using the hot press technique. The obtained composite exhibited improved mechanical and physical properties, above the lower limits set for bone engineering applications. The tested grafts were found to not induce cytotoxicity. The presence of magnesium phosphate induced the mineralisation process with no adverse effects on the expression of the marker crucial for osteoblastic differentiation. The most promising results were observed in the grafts containing 1 wt.% of magnesium phosphate embedded within the PEEK matrix. The improved bioactivity of grafts, together with suitable physical-chemical and mechanical properties, indicate this composite as a promising orthopaedic implant material.
Topics: Benzophenones; Ketones; Polymers; Polyethylene Glycols; Biocompatible Materials; Phosphates; Humans; Magnesium Compounds; Materials Testing; Osteoblasts
PubMed: 38806564
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61941-3 -
Journal of Neural Engineering Jun 2024Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) induced neuronal loss and brain atrophy contribute significantly to long-term disabilities. Brain extracellular matrix (ECM)...
Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) induced neuronal loss and brain atrophy contribute significantly to long-term disabilities. Brain extracellular matrix (ECM) associated chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans promote neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance, and CS hydrogel implants have demonstrated the ability to enhance neuroprotection, in preclinical sTBI studies. However, the ability of neuritogenic chimeric peptide (CP) functionalized CS hydrogels in promoting functional recovery, after controlled cortical impact (CCI) and suction ablation (SA) induced sTBI, has not been previously demonstrated. We hypothesized that neuritogenic (CS)CP hydrogels will promote neuritogenesis of human NSCs, and accelerate brain tissue repair and functional recovery in sTBI rats.We synthesized chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS-A)CP, and 4,6--sulfate (CS-E)CP hydrogels, using strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), to promote cell adhesion and neuritogenesis of human NSCs,; and assessed the ability of (CS-A)CP hydrogels in promoting tissue and functional repair, in a novel CCI-SA sTBI model,Results indicated that (CS-E)CP hydrogels significantly enhanced human NSC aggregation and migration via focal adhesion kinase complexes, when compared to NSCs in (CS-A)CP hydrogels,. In contrast, NSCs encapsulated in (CS-A)CP hydrogels differentiated into neurons bearing longer neurites and showed greater spontaneous activity, when compared to those in (CS-E)CP hydrogels. The intracavitary implantation of (CS-A)CP hydrogels, acutely after CCI-SA-sTBI, prevented neuronal and axonal loss, as determined by immunohistochemical analyses. (CS-A)CP hydrogel implanted animals also demonstrated the significantly accelerated recovery of 'reach-to-grasp' function when compared to sTBI controls, over a period of 5-weeks.These findings demonstrate the neuritogenic and neuroprotective attributes of (CS)CP 'click' hydrogels, and open new avenues for the development of multifunctional glycomaterials that are functionalized with biorthogonal handles for sTBI repair.
Topics: Hydrogels; Animals; Rats; Recovery of Function; Humans; Neural Stem Cells; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Neurites; Male; Chondroitin Sulfates; Glycosaminoglycans; Cells, Cultured; Neurogenesis
PubMed: 38806019
DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5108 -
Minerva Cardiology and Angiology Aug 2024The latest generation ultrathin Supraflex Cruz (Sahajanand Medical Technologies Limited, Surat, India) sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) has shown early healing properties...
Safety and efficacy of the latest generation biodegradable polymer-coated ultrathin sirolimus-eluting stent in the treatment of coronary artery disease in a European all-comer population with or without high bleeding risk: The Cruz HBR Registry.
BACKGROUND
The latest generation ultrathin Supraflex Cruz (Sahajanand Medical Technologies Limited, Surat, India) sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) has shown early healing properties and represents an attractive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) device in a high bleeding risk (HBR) population. The aim of this Cruz HBR registry was to assess safety and efficacy of the Supraflex Cruz SES in a large cohort of all-comer patients, of whom about one third were patients at HBR.
METHODS
Patients undergoing PCI were enrolled in this prospective, multi-centre, open label registry and stratified into non-HBR and HBR groups. The primary endpoint was a device-oriented composite endpoint (DOCE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction not clearly attributable to a non-target vessel and clinically driven target lesion revascularization within 12 months after PCI. The predefined aims were to show non-inferiority of the non-HBR group to the Supraflex arm of the TALENT Trial, and of the HBR group to polymer-free biolimus-coated stent arm of LEADERS FREE Trial.
RESULTS
A total of 1203 patients were enrolled across 26 European centers, including a significant proportion (38.7%; N.=466) of HBR patients. A total of 1745 lesions were treated in 1203 patients and 2235 stents were implanted. The DOCE occurred within the total cohort in 5.8% of patients with a significant difference between HBR patients and non-HBR patients (8.1% vs. 4.4%; P<0.001). All-cause mortality at 12 months was significantly (P<0.0001) different among HBR (9.0%) and non-HBR patients (1.7%), respectively. At 12 months, the overall incidence of definite and probable stent thrombosis was 1.0%. Major bleeding occurred in 5.9% patients of the HBR group. These results met the non-inferiority criteria with respect to the TALENT trial for the non-HBR group (P<0.0001), and the LEADERS FREE trial for the HBR group (P<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
The Cruz HBR registry confirms that PCI with the Supraflex Cruz SES is associated with a favorable clinical outcome in an all-comer population, including complex patients with HBR.
Topics: Humans; Drug-Eluting Stents; Sirolimus; Male; Registries; Female; Coronary Artery Disease; Prospective Studies; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Aged; Middle Aged; Polymers; Hemorrhage; Treatment Outcome; Europe; Absorbable Implants; Prosthesis Design; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38804621
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5683.24.06462-7 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024There is an ongoing need for improved healing response and expedited osseointegration on the Ti implants in acetabular fracture sites. To achieve adequate bonding and...
INTRODUCTION
There is an ongoing need for improved healing response and expedited osseointegration on the Ti implants in acetabular fracture sites. To achieve adequate bonding and mechanical stability between the implant surface and the acetabular fracture, a new coating technology must be developed to promote bone integration and prevent bacterial growth.
METHODS
A cylindrical Ti substrate mounted on a rotating specimen holder was used to implant Ca, P, and Sr ions at energies of 100 KeV, 75 KeV and 180 KeV, respectively, using a low-energy accelerator to synthesize strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite at varying conditions. Ag ions of energy 100 KeV were subsequently implanted on the as-formed surface at the near-surface region to provide anti-bacterial properties to the as-formed specimen.
RESULTS
The properties of the as-formed ion-implanted specimen were compared with the SrHA-Ag synthesized specimens by cathodic deposition and low-temperature high-speed collision technique. The adhesion strength of the ion-implanted specimen was 43 ± 2.3 MPa, which is well above the ASTM standard for Ca-P coating on Ti. Live/dead cell analysis showed higher osteoblast activity on the ion-implanted specimen than the other two. Ag in the SrHA implanted Ti by ion implantation process showed superior antibacterial activity.
DISCUSSION
In the ion implantation technique, nano-topography patterned surfaces are not concealed after implantation, and their efficacy in interacting with the osteoblasts is retained. Although all three studies examined the antibacterial effects of Ag ions and the ability to promote bone tissue formation by MC3T3-E1 cells on SrHA-Ag/Ti surfaces, ion implantation techniques demonstrated superior ability. The synthesized specimen can be used as an effective implant in acetabular fracture sites based on their mechanical and biological properties.
Topics: Titanium; Silver; Strontium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acetabulum; Animals; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Osseointegration; Mice; Surface Properties; Fractures, Bone; Durapatite; Osteoblasts; Hydroxyapatites; Prostheses and Implants; Ions; Humans; Cell Line
PubMed: 38803996
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S464905 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from propolis on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from propolis on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
AgNPs were synthesized from propolis, and their inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis biofilm formation was assessed. Different concentrations of AgNPs (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) were tested to determine the dose-dependent antibacterial activity.
RESULTS
The results of this study indicated that AgNPs exhibited an inhibitory effect on P. gingivalis biofilm formation. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was dose-dependent, with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% showing effectiveness. Notably, the concentration of 0.5% demonstrated the most significant anti-biofilm formation activity.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that AgNPs synthesized from propolis have potential as an effective option for enhancing periodontal treatment outcomes. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs on P. gingivalis biofilm formation highlights their potential as alternative antimicrobial agents in the management of periodontal diseases.
Topics: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Biofilms; Silver; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Green Chemistry Technology; Propolis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans
PubMed: 38798089
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.887 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition induced by subgingival bacterial dysbiosis, resulting in inflammatory-mediated destruction of tooth-supporting structures,...
Optimizing esthetic zone periodontal regeneration in a 1-2-wall infrabony defect using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB and β-tricalcium phosphate: A case report.
OBJECTIVE
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition induced by subgingival bacterial dysbiosis, resulting in inflammatory-mediated destruction of tooth-supporting structures, potentially leading to the formation of infrabony defects. This case report describes the treatment of a patient who presented with a combination 1-2-wall defect on tooth 21. To maintain the residual periodontal attachment and minimize esthetic consequences, a regenerative approach was performed using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rh-PDGF-BB) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
At the time of postscaling/root planing reevaluation, a 34-year-old Asian male initially diagnosed with molar/incisor pattern stage III grade C periodontitis exhibited a 6-mm residual probing depth on the mesiopalatal aspect of tooth 21. Periodontal regenerative surgery was performed using rh-PDGF-BB with β-TCP, without the use of a membrane.
RESULTS
At the 1-year follow-up, a significant reduction in probing depth and radiographic evidence of bone fill were observed. Additionally, re-entry surgery for implant placement at site tooth 23 confirmed bone fill in the defect on tooth 21.
CONCLUSION
These results demonstrate the efficacy of rh-PDGF-BB with β-TCP in enhancing periodontal regeneration and support its use as a treatment option when treating poorly contained infrabony defects in the esthetic zone.
Topics: Humans; Male; Calcium Phosphates; Adult; Becaplermin; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Recombinant Proteins; Alveolar Bone Loss; Periodontitis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; Bone Regeneration; Esthetics, Dental
PubMed: 38798052
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.908 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have garnered substantial attention within the field of ophthalmology and can be used to suppress scar formation after minimally invasive...
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have garnered substantial attention within the field of ophthalmology and can be used to suppress scar formation after minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries. Here, by controlling mAb passive diffusion, we developed a polymeric, rate-controlling membrane reservoir loaded with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to deliver mAb for several weeks. Different parameters were tested to ensure that the microspheres achieved a good quality characteristic, and our results showed that 1 %W/V emulsifier with 5 %W/V NaCl achieved mAb-loaded microspheres with the highest stability, encapsulation efficiency and minimal burst release. Then, we fabricated and compared 10 types of microporous films based on polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Our results revealed distinct pore characteristics and degradation patterns in different films due to varying polymer properties, and all the polymeric film formulations showed good biocompatibility in both human trabecular meshwork cells and human conjunctival fibroblasts. Finally, the optimized microspheres were loaded into the reservoir-type polymeric implant assembled by microporous membranes with different surface coating modifications. The implant formulation, which was fabricated by 60 PCL: 40 PEG (3 %W/V) polymer with 0.1 %W/V poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) barrier, exerted the best drug release profile that can sustained release mAb (83.6 %) for 4 weeks.
Topics: Humans; Glaucoma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Microspheres; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Polyesters; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Polymers; Polyethylene Glycols; Porosity; Drug Carriers
PubMed: 38797299
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132655 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Bimatoprost has emerged as a significant medication in the field of medicine over the past several decades, with diverse applications in ophthalmology, dermatology, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bimatoprost has emerged as a significant medication in the field of medicine over the past several decades, with diverse applications in ophthalmology, dermatology, and beyond. Originally developed as an ocular hypotensive agent, it has proven highly effective in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Its ability to reduce intraocular pressure has established it as a first-line treatment option, improving management and preventing vision loss. In dermatology, bimatoprost has shown promising results in the promotion of hair growth, particularly in the treatment of alopecia and hypotrichosis. Its mechanism of action, stimulating the hair cycle and prolonging the growth phase, has led to the development of bimatoprost-containing solutions for enhancing eyelash growth.
AIM
The aim of our review is to provide a brief description, overview, and studies in the current literature regarding the versatile clinical use of bimatoprost in recent years. This can help clinicians determine the most suitable individualized therapy to meet the needs of each patient.
METHODS
Our methods involve a comprehensive review of the latest advancements reported in the literature in bimatoprost formulations, which range from traditional eye drops to sustained-release implants. These innovations offer extended drug delivery, enhance patient compliance, and minimize side effects.
RESULTS
The vast literature published on PubMed has confirmed the clinical usefulness of bimatoprost in lowering intraocular pressure and in managing patients with glaucoma. Numerous studies have shown promising results in dermatology and esthetics in promoting hair growth, particularly in treating alopecia and hypotrichosis. Its mechanism of action involves stimulating the hair cycle and prolonging the growth phase, leading to the development of solutions that enhance eyelash growth. The global use of bimatoprost has expanded significantly, with applications growing beyond its initial indications. Ongoing research is exploring its potential in glaucoma surgery, neuroprotection, and cosmetic procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
Bimatoprost has shown immense potential for addressing a wide range of therapeutic needs through various formulations and advancements. Promising future perspectives include the exploration of novel delivery systems such as contact lenses and microneedles to further enhance drug efficacy and patient comfort. Ongoing research and future perspectives continue to shape its role in medicine, promising further advancements and improved patient outcomes.
PubMed: 38794131
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050561 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The search for the ideal metallic material for an implant is still a difficult challenge for scientists due to the phenomenon of corrosion and the consequent disruption...
The search for the ideal metallic material for an implant is still a difficult challenge for scientists due to the phenomenon of corrosion and the consequent disruption of the implant structure. Prevention is the application of coatings that protect the implant, activate the tissues for faster regeneration, and also prevent inflammation through antibacterial and antiviral effects. The present study focuses on the selection of components for a Ti-6Al-4V alloy coating. These days, researchers are taking an intense interest in extracts of natural origin. It was decided to take a look at , which contains vitamins and valuable elements and is rich in polyphenols, as well as antioxidants. The composition of coatings based on a PEG polymer reinforced with brushite and the extract with the proteins L-carnosine, fibroin, or sericin was developed. The samples were subjected to detailed physiochemical analysis, including potentiometry and electrical conductivity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The study demonstrated that polyphenols were successfully released from the coatings during incubation in vitro. The osteointegration process can be supported by a number of factors, such as the release of polyphenols from implant coatings to prevent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Subjecting the samples to 14 days of incubation demonstrated their interactions with the incubation fluids, an ion exchange between the medium and the materials. An analysis of the surface morphology exhibited the presence of brushite crystals and their increased number after incubation, indicating the bioactivity of the formed coatings.
PubMed: 38793317
DOI: 10.3390/ma17102250 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024This randomized, double-arm, multicentric clinical trial aims to compare the clinical outcomes following the treatment of suprabony periodontal defects using open flap... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized, double-arm, multicentric clinical trial aims to compare the clinical outcomes following the treatment of suprabony periodontal defects using open flap debridement (OFD) with or without the application of hyaluronic acid (HA). Sixty systemically healthy patients with at least two teeth presenting suprabony periodontal defects were randomly assigned with a 1:1 allocation ratio using computer-generated tables into a test (OFD + HA) or control group (OFD). The main outcome variable was clinical attachment level (CAL). The secondary outcome variables were changes in mean probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), and full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS). All clinical measurements were carried out at baseline and 12 months. Sixty patients, thirty in each group, were available for statistical analysis. The mean CAL gain was statistically significantly different ( < 0.001) in the test group compared with the control group (3.06 ± 1.13 mm vs. 1.44 ± 1.07 mm). PPD reduction of test group measurements (3.28 ± 1.14 mm) versus the control group measurements (2.61 ± 1.22 mm) were statistically significant ( = 0.032). GR changes were statistically significant only in the test group 0.74 ± 1.03 mm ( < 0.001). FMBS and FMPS revealed a statistically significant improvement mostly in the test group. Suprabony periodontal defects could benefit from the additional application of HA in conjunction with OFD in terms of improvement of the clinical parameters compared with OFD alone.
Topics: Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; Debridement; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Gingival Recession; Periodontal Debridement
PubMed: 38793012
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050829