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Scientific Reports Feb 2024Trichostrongylus colubriformis is a parasitic helminth that primarily infects small ruminants, causing substantial economic losses in the livestock industry. Exploring...
Trichostrongylus colubriformis is a parasitic helminth that primarily infects small ruminants, causing substantial economic losses in the livestock industry. Exploring the microbiome of this helminth might provide insights into the potential influence of its microbial community on the parasite's survival. We characterised the intestinal microbiome of T. colubriformis that had been collected from the duodenum of sheep, and compared the helminth microbiome with the duodenal microbiome of its host, aiming to identify contributions from the helminth's environment. At the same time, we explored the isolation of fastidious organisms from the harvested helminth. Primary alpha and beta diversity analyses of bacterial species revealed statistically significant differences between the parasite and the host, in terms of species richness and ecological composition. 16S rRNA differential abundance analysis showed that Mycoplasmoides and Stenotrophomonas were significantly present in T. colubriformis but not in the duodenal microbiome of the sheep. Furthermore, two bacteria, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila, were isolated from T. colubriformis. Examinations of the genome highlight differences in genome size and profiles of antimicrobial resistance genes. Our results suggest that T. colubriformis carries a specific bacterial community that could be supporting the helminth's long-term survival in the host's digestive system.
Topics: Sheep; Animals; Trichostrongylus; Trichostrongylosis; Parasites; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sheep Diseases; Parasite Egg Count
PubMed: 38355890
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53772-z -
Maedica Dec 2023Duodenopancreatectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of part of the pancreas, duodenum, and bile ducts. This procedure is commonly performed in...
Duodenopancreatectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of part of the pancreas, duodenum, and bile ducts. This procedure is commonly performed in patients with pancreatic cancer or other gastrointestinal disorders. However, the safety and efficacy of duodenopancreatectomy in older adults (octogenarians) remain unclear. The goal of this review is to assess the outcomes and complications of duodenopancreatectomy in octogenarian patients. A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases. Studies reporting the outcomes and complications of duodenopancreatectomy in octogenarian patients were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. A total of 14 studies were included in this review. The outcomes of duodenopancreatectomy in octogenarian patients were generally favorable, with a median 30-day mortality rate of 3.5% (range 0-16.7%). The most common complications were pancreatic fistula (12.2%), delayed gastric emptying (6.3%) and wound infection (5.5%). The overall long-term survival rate of octogenarian patients after duodenopancreatectomy was 21.2%. Duodenopancreatectomy can be safely performed in carefully selected octogenarian patients with good outcomes. However, this procedure is associated with a high risk of complications, particularly pancreatic fistula, in this age group.
PubMed: 38348067
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2023.18.4.705 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Excess cortisol release is associated with numerous health concerns, including psychiatric issues (i.e., anxiety, insomnia, and depression) and nonpsychiatric issues...
Excess cortisol release is associated with numerous health concerns, including psychiatric issues (i.e., anxiety, insomnia, and depression) and nonpsychiatric issues (i.e., osteoporosis). The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro inhibition of cortisol release, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability exerted by a chemically characterized L. extract (SLE). The treatment of H295R cells with SLE at increasing, noncytotoxic, concentrations (5-30 ng/mL) showed significant inhibition of cortisol release ranging from 58 to 91%. The in vitro simulated gastric, duodenal, and gastroduodenal digestions, induced statistically significant reductions ( < 0.0001) in the bioactive polyphenolic compounds that most represented SLE. Bioavailability studies on duodenal digested SLE, using Caco-2 cells grown on transwell inserts and a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, indicated oroxylin A glucuronide and oroxylin A were the only bioactive compounds able to cross the Caco-2 cell membrane and the artificial lipid membrane, respectively. The results suggest possible applications of SLE as a food supplement ingredient against cortisol-mediated stress response and the use of gastroresistant oral dosage forms to partially prevent the degradation of SLE bioactive compounds. In vivo studies and clinical trials remain necessary to draw a conclusion on the efficacy and tolerability of this plant extract.
Topics: Humans; Scutellaria; Hydrocortisone; Biological Availability; Caco-2 Cells; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38338331
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030586 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2024The bovine coronavirus (BCoV) KBR-1 strain, obtained from calf diarrhea samples collected in 2017, belongs to group GIIa. To attenuate this strain, it was subcultured...
The bovine coronavirus (BCoV) KBR-1 strain, obtained from calf diarrhea samples collected in 2017, belongs to group GIIa. To attenuate this strain, it was subcultured continuously (up to 79 times) in HRT-18 cells, followed by 80-120 passages in MDBK cells. The KBR-1-p120 strain harvested from MDBK cells at passage 120 harbored 13 amino acid mutations in the spike gene. Additionally, the KBR-1-p120 strain showed a high viral titer and cytopathogenic effects in MDBK cells. Seven-day-old calves (negative for BCoV antigen and antibodies) that did not consume colostrum were orally inoculated with the attenuated candidate strain (KBR-1-p120), or with KBR-1 passaged 10 times (KBR-1-p10) in HRT-18 cells. Calves inoculated with KBR-1-p10 had a low diarrhea score, and BCoV RNA was detected at 3-7 days post-inoculation (DPI). The virus was also present in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at autopsy; however, calves inoculated with KBR-1-p120 had low levels of BCoV RNA in feces at 4-6 DPI, and no diarrhea. In addition, an extremely small amount of BCoV RNA was present in the jejunum and ileum at autopsy. The small intestines of calves inoculated with KBR-1-p120 were emulsified and used to infect calves two more times, but pathogenicity was not recovered. Therefore, the KBR-1-p120 strain has potential as a live vaccine candidate.
PubMed: 38338032
DOI: 10.3390/ani14030389 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jan 2024Early initiation of enteral feeding is recognized to play a crucial role in improving the outcomes of treatment of acute pancreatitis. However, the method of...
BACKGROUND
Early initiation of enteral feeding is recognized to play a crucial role in improving the outcomes of treatment of acute pancreatitis. However, the method of administration of enteral nutrition remains debatable. We present the experience of treating a patient with moderate-severe acute pancreatitis, at high risk of progressing to a severe or fatal condition, using a novel method of selective feeding with duodenal isolation.
CASE SUMMARY
A 27-year-old female patient presented to the emergency unit of the hospital with a typical manifestation of acute pancreatitis. Despite a conventional treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated by day 2 of hospitalization. Using an endoscopic approach, a novel catheter PandiCath was placed to the duodenum of the patient, isolating its segment between the duodenal bulb and the ligament of Treitz. In the isolated area created, a negative pressure was applied, followed by introduction of early selective enteral feeding. The patient's condition subsequently improved in a rapid manner, and no complications often associated with moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis developed.
CONCLUSION
Within 48 h of starting treatment with the novel method, it can prevent the development of multiple organ failure and, when combined with minimally invasive drainage methods, help prevent infection.
PubMed: 38322476
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i3.637 -
Journal of Research in Health Sciences Dec 2023Hospitalization for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been described outside of North America as peaking in the fall and winter. However, no recent literature has so far...
BACKGROUND
Hospitalization for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been described outside of North America as peaking in the fall and winter. However, no recent literature has so far investigated the seasonal fluctuations and complications of PUD in the USA. Cross-sectional population database review.
METHODS
Patients with a diagnosis of either acute gastric or acute duodenal ulcers from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017, were identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample. The proportion of admissions with either hemorrhage or perforation was determined for each season and further subdivided into geographic regions.
RESULTS
Of 18829 hospitalizations for PUD, admissions were the highest in the fall (25.9%) while being the lowest in the summer (23.9%). Complications, hemorrhage or perforation, were the highest and the lowest in the fall and spring, respectively (75.7% vs. 73.6%; =0.060 for comparing all 4 seasons). Geographically, the West had the highest rate of peptic ulcer hemorrhage (64.5%, =0.004), while the northeast had the highest rate of perforation (14.3%, =0.003). Hemorrhage was more common in males, those who used aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or anticoagulants, and diabetics (<0.05). Perforation was less common in males, those with diabetes, obesity, or hypertension (HTN), or those using aspirin or anticoagulants (<0.05). infection was more associated with perforation in the fall and winter months.
CONCLUSION
Seasonal and regional trends in hospitalizations due to PUD may help identify modifiable risk factors, which can improve diagnostic and treatment outcomes for patients by allowing for more targeted identification of vulnerable populations.
Topics: Male; Humans; United States; Seasons; Helicobacter Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Helicobacter pylori; Peptic Ulcer; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Aspirin; Anticoagulants; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38315910
DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.130 -
Medicine Feb 2024Retroperitoneal hematomas are relatively common in patients undergoing nephrectomy. Herein, we report an unusual case involving a giant retroperitoneal hematoma and...
RATIONALE
Retroperitoneal hematomas are relatively common in patients undergoing nephrectomy. Herein, we report an unusual case involving a giant retroperitoneal hematoma and subsequent duodenal ulcerative bleeding following a radical nephrectomy.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for lower back pain, and she had severe right hydronephrosis and a urinary tract infection.
DIAGNOSES
The patient was diagnosed and confirmed as high-grade urothelial carcinoma.
INTERVENTIONS
After ineffective conservative treatments, a right radical nephrectomy and ureteral stump resection were performed. The patient received proton pump inhibitors to prevent stress ulcer formation and bleeding. On the first day post-surgery, she had normal gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy findings. On the second day post-surgery, abdominal computed tomography revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma. Notably, 14 days post-surgery, massive GI bleeding occurred, and GI endoscopy identified an almost perforated ulcer in the bulbar and descending duodenum.
OUTCOMES
The patient died on day 15 after surgery.
LESSONS
Duodenal ulceration and bleeding might occur following a retroperitoneal hematoma in patients treated with nephrectomy. Timely intervention may prevent duodenal ulcers and complications, and thus could be a promising life-saving intercession.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Ulcer; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Duodenum; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hematoma; Duodenal Ulcer; Nephrectomy; Peritoneal Diseases
PubMed: 38306569
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033765 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024In recent years, there has been a global trend of aging, which has resulted in significant changes to the burden of gastritis and duodenitis (GD). Using the global... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
In recent years, there has been a global trend of aging, which has resulted in significant changes to the burden of gastritis and duodenitis (GD). Using the global burden of disease (GBD) database spanning 1990 to 2019, we evaluated the temporal trends of age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized death rates (ASDR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (AS-DALYs) for GD using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). Additionally, we examined the burden of GD across various strata, including social demographic index (SDI), age, and sex. Finally, the risk factors linked to the incidence and mortality of GD, utilizing Pearson correlation analysis. In 2019, there were 31 million GD patients globally, a notable increase of 12 million from 1990, while the ASIR, ASDR, and AS-DALYs for GD all showed a decrease. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between ASIR and SDI. Factors like hand hygiene and vitamin A deficiency had significant positive correlations with ASIR and ASDR in 2019. Over the past thirty years, the burden of GD has increased alongside global population aging. Future efforts should focus on exploring prevention for GD, with special attention to the elderly population in low SDI regions.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Duodenitis; Risk Factors; Gastritis; Aging; Databases, Factual; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Global Health; Incidence
PubMed: 38302549
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52936-1 -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2024Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a rare, non-infectious complication associated with hypercoagulable states, such as malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Due to...
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is a rare, non-infectious complication associated with hypercoagulable states, such as malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Due to the difficulty distinguishing marantic endocarditis from infective endocarditis, the diagnosis is often delayed or even a postmortem finding. We present the case of a 70-year-old Caucasian female with marantic endocarditis secondary to metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma. The patient presented with a short history of memory deficits, personality disturbances, and left homonymous hemianopia. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed multi-territorial bihemispheric cerebral infarctions. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed native mitral valve endocarditis, and serial blood cultures remained negative. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient's condition continuously deteriorated, and she died within 3 weeks after her initial presentation. Postmortem examination showed a non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Early clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis are of decisive importance for the survival of the patients.
PubMed: 38292877
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X241229576 -
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and... Jan 2024This study investigated the trends in idiopathic peptic ulcers, examined the characteristics of refractory idiopathic peptic ulcer, and identified the optimal treatment....
This study investigated the trends in idiopathic peptic ulcers, examined the characteristics of refractory idiopathic peptic ulcer, and identified the optimal treatment. The characteristics of 309 patients with idiopathic peptic ulcer were examined. We allocated idiopathic peptic ulcers that did not heal after 8 weeks' treatment (6 weeks for duodenal ulcers) to the refractory group and those that healed within this period to the healed group. The typical risk factors for idiopathic peptic ulcer (atherosclerosis-related underlying disease or liver cirrhosis complications) were absent in 46.6% of patients. Absence of gastric mucosal atrophy (refractory group: 51.4%, healed group: 28.4%; = 0.016), and gastric fundic gland polyps (refractory group: 17.6%, healed group: 5.9%; = 0.045) were significantly more common in the refractory group compared to the healed group. A history of eradication (refractory group: 85.3%, healed group: 66.0%; = 0.016), previous infection (i.e., gastric mucosal atrophy or history of eradication) (refractory group: 48.5%, healed group: 80.0%; = 0.001), and potassium-competitive acid blocker treatment (refractory group: 28.6%, healed group, 64.1%; = 0.001) were significantly more frequent in the healed group compared to the refractory group. Thus, acid hypersecretion may be a major factor underlying the refractoriness of idiopathic peptic ulcer.
PubMed: 38292123
DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-82