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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024Replacing corn with different levels of wheat in the iso-energy and -protein diet of broilers and the impacts on growth performance and intestinal homeostasis of...
Replacing corn with different levels of wheat in the iso-energy and -protein diet of broilers and the impacts on growth performance and intestinal homeostasis of broilers under the condition of supplying the multienzyme complex were evaluated in this study. A total of 480 10-day-old male broilers were assigned randomly to the low-level wheat group (15% wheat and 35.18% corn), the medium-level wheat group (30% and 22.27%), and the high-level wheat group (55.77% wheat without corn) until 21 d. The different levels of wheat supplementation did not affect hepatic function, serum glycolipid profile, or bone turnover. The replacement of corn with 55% wheat in the diet of broilers increased the body weight at 21 d and feed intake during 10 to 21 d (both < 0.05), with a comparable feed conversion ratio. Compared with the low-wheat group, the dietary addition of medium or high wheat levels notably increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum ( < 0.05) and the ileal villus height ( < 0.05). Meanwhile, the supplementation of medium and high wheat in the diet increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes, and a diet with high wheat proportion elevated the content of Firmicutes when compared to the low-level wheat group (both < 0.05). In addition, the diet containing 30-55% wheat enhanced the anti-inflammatory capability in both the ileum and the serum. These findings suggest that the replacement of corn with 55% wheat in the diet improved the growth performance of 21-day-old broilers, which might be linked to the alteration in intestinal morphology and cecal microbiota.
PubMed: 38891583
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111536 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024Eggs are a vital dietary component for humans, and it is beneficial to increase egg production to support poultry farming. Initially, the egg production rate rises...
Eggs are a vital dietary component for humans, and it is beneficial to increase egg production to support poultry farming. Initially, the egg production rate rises rapidly with young hens until it reaches its peak, and then it declines gradually. By extending the duration of peak egg production, the hens' performance can be enhanced significantly. Previous studies found dynamic changes in gut microbiota during egg-laying, and several species of microbiota isolated from the chicken gut improved egg-laying performance. However, the interaction between microbes and host gene expression is still unclear. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of chicken egg-laying by examining dynamic alterations in the microbiota of the entire intestinal tract (i.e., duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and gene expression. The microbial community in the intestine underwent significant changes during different egg-laying periods (i.e., pre-, peak-, and late-laying periods). Metagenomic functional analysis showed that the relative abundance of biosynthesis of amino acids, secondary metabolites, and cofactors decreased significantly in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of aging hens. The relative levels of aldosterone, GnRH, insulin, growth hormone, and other hormone-related pathways increased dramatically in the intestinal microbiota during egg-laying, but only in the microbiota located in the duodenum and ileum. Transcriptome analysis suggested that genes associated with various transport processes were upregulated consistently in the small intestine during egg-laying; genes involved in the development of intestinal structure were down-regulated; and genes involved in response to DNA damage and stress were consistent with changes in laying rate. The abundance of Lactobacillus was related to the expression of , , , and in the duodenum; was correlated significantly with , , and expression in the jejunum; and was correlated positively with the expression of and in the ileum. These results indicated that the intestinal microbiota and host gene expression may influence egg production jointly.
PubMed: 38891577
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111529 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of plant polysaccharides combined with boric acid on digestive function, immune function and harmful gas and heavy metal...
The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of plant polysaccharides combined with boric acid on digestive function, immune function and harmful gas and heavy metal contents in the faeces of fatteners. For this study, 90 healthy crossbred fatteners were selected and randomly divided into five groups: the control group was fed with a basal diet (Con); experimental group I was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid (BA); experimental group II was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid + 400 mg/kg polysaccharides (BA+APS); experimental group III was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid + 200 mg/kg polysaccharides (BA+GLP); and experimental group IV was fed with basal diet + 40 mg/kg boric acid + 500 mg/kg polysaccharides (BA+EPS). Compared with Con, the average daily gain (ADG), the trypsin activities in the duodenum and jejunum, the IL-2 levels in the spleen, the T-AOC activities and GSH-Px contents in the lymph node of fattening were increased in the BA group ( < 0.05), but malondialdehyde content in the lymph and spleen, and the contents of NH, HS, Hg, Cu, Fe and Zn in the feces and urine were decreased ( < 0.05). Compared with the BA, the ADG, gain-to-feed ratio (G/F), the trypsin and maltase activities in the duodenum and jejunum were increased in the BA+APS ( < 0.05), and the T-SOD activities in the spleen and T-AOC activities in the lymph node were also increased ( < 0.05), but the HS level was decreased in the feces and urine ( < 0.05). Compared with the BA, the ADG, G/F and the trypsin and maltase activities in the duodenum were increased in the BA+GLP and BA+EPS ( < 0.05), the activities of maltase and lipase in the duodenum of fatteners in the BA+GLP and the activities of trypsin, maltase and lipase in the BA+EPS were increased ( < 0.05). Gathering everything together, our findings reveal that the combined addition of boric acid and plant polysaccharides in the diet of fatteners synergistically improved their growth performance and immune status. That may be achieved by regulating the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, improving the antioxidant function and then promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Furthermore, the above results reduce the emission of harmful gases and heavy metals in feces and urine.
PubMed: 38891562
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111515 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Gallstones are common in Western countries and increasing in developing countries through adoption of western lifestyle. Gallstones may cause life-threatening... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Gallstones are common in Western countries and increasing in developing countries through adoption of western lifestyle. Gallstones may cause life-threatening complications, including acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis. Cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones. Presentation of symptomatic gallstones may be indistinguishable from that of other upper gastro-intestinal tract (UGI) pathologies. Some surgeons routinely perform preoperative UGI endoscopy to diagnose and treat concomitant UGI pathology. A prospective cross-sectional observational study was undertaken at University of Pretoria teaching hospitals to evaluate this practice. Patients aged 18 years and older, with symptomatic gallstones but did not satisfy Tokyo guidelines for acute cholecystitis were recruited. UGI endoscopy was performed before cholecystectomy. There were 124 patients, 110 (88.7%) females and 14 (11.3%) males, mean age 44.0 (13.2) (range: 22-78) years. Most common symptoms were right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain (87%), epigastric pain (59.7%), nausea (58.1%) and vomiting (47.9%). Clinically, 80% had RUQ tenderness and 52.4% epigastric tenderness. UGI endoscopy found 35.4% pathology, 28.2% were active, and comprised acute gastritis (27.4%), peptic ulcers (4.8%), duodenitis (3.2%) and oesophagitis (2.4%). Twelve patients had more than one pathology. This warranted treatment before elective cholecystectomy and justifies the practice of routine preoperative UGI endoscopy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Gallstones; Cholecystectomy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Young Adult; Elective Surgical Procedures; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Preoperative Care
PubMed: 38890422
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64019-2 -
Endoscopy Dec 2024
Clinical Trial
Topics: Humans; Choledocholithiasis; Sphincter of Oddi; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Male; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; Endoscopy, Digestive System
PubMed: 38889892
DOI: 10.1055/a-2316-0924 -
VideoGIE : An Official Video Journal of... Jun 2024Video 1Pushing the boundaries: circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection in distal duodenum (7.58 seconds).
Video 1Pushing the boundaries: circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection in distal duodenum (7.58 seconds).
PubMed: 38887739
DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2024.02.012 -
VideoGIE : An Official Video Journal of... Jun 2024Video 1A novel method of bilateral biliary decompression by EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging stenting using the partial stent-in-stent method for...
A novel method of bilateral biliary decompression by EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging stenting using the partial stent-in-stent method for reintervention of multiple metal stent failure.
Video 1A novel method of bilateral biliary decompression by EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with bridging stenting using the partial stent-in-stent method for reintervention of multiple metal stent failure.We report a case in which anterior and posterior drainage was performed using the partial stent-in-stent method via the transpapillary approach. The patient had a bismuth type IV biliary obstruction, but only the right hepatic lobe was drained due to obstruction of the left portal vein. For the recurrent stent dysfunction, the patient underwent placement of a plastic stent within an uncovered self-expanding metal stent to correct stent dysfunction. A 7F plastic stent inside a metal stent is shown.The patient later experienced stent failure and jaundice due to tumor progression and was admitted for plastic stent replacement. Neither imaging results nor symptoms suggested duodenal stenosis. The transpapillary approach was attempted first but was unsuccessful. Duodenoscopy was challenging to perform because of duodenal stenosis. Fluoroscopy confirmed the duodenal stenosis. The plastic stent was extracted using an upper endoscope. Multiple uncovered metal stents are shown (1 stent in the anterior bile duct and 2 stents in the posterior bile duct). Jaundice did not resolve despite plastic stent removal.The patient refused to undergo percutaneous biliary drainage, so a decision was made to perform an EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (HGS) instead. The left bile duct was observed in the stomach. The left bile duct was punctured with a 19-gauge FNA needle. A 0.025-inch hydrophilic guidewire was directed into the left bile duct. Enhancement of the bile duct showing malignant hilar biliary obstruction (bismuth IV) is seen. Insertion of the guide wire into the posterior bile duct is shown.The stent mesh was then dilated using a balloon dilator. However, there was difficulty inserting the catheter. Additional dilation was performed using a spiral dilator. This instrument is a tapered tip dilator that fits into 0.025-inch guidewires and is expandable to 7F. Insertion of a second guidewire with a larger caliber was done to straighten the bile duct and help stabilize stent insertion. A 0.035-inch hydrophilic guidewire into the posterior bile duct using a double-lumen cannula and insertion of a 0.025-inch hydrophilic guidewire into the anterior bile duct are shown.The stent mesh was then dilated using a spiral dilator. A metal stent was placed through the anterior bile duct at a steep angle. Insertion and deployment of the first uncovered self-expanding metal stent (8 × 60 mm) from the anterior bile duct into the left bile duct is shown. Multiple metal stents were implanted into the hilar area, and the new stent was placed using the partial stent-in-stent method to prevent overexpansion. Guidewire seeking the posterior bile duct from inside the deployed stent through the stent mesh is shown.The stent mesh was then dilated using a balloon dilator. Insertion and deployment of an uncovered self-expanding metal stent (8 × 60 mm) from the posterior bile duct to the left bile duct using the partial stent-in-stent method is shown. Enhancement of the bile duct shows drainage from the right bile duct. The fistula of the HGS was only dilated with the spiral dilator. The risk of bile leakage was low, so we decided to implant a plastic stent. A 7F × 15-cm plastic stent was placed from the posterior bile duct into the stomach. Anterior and posterior segment drainage by EUS-HGS with bridging stenting using the partial stent-in-stent method is shown, with left segment drainage by EUS-HGS with the plastic stent.We performed EUS-HGS on a patient with multiple metal stents in place. There were no adverse events, and total bilirubin levels were reduced by more than half within 2 weeks. Six months have passed without stent dysfunction.
PubMed: 38887729
DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2024.02.015 -
Evidence-based Complementary and... 2024are the principal causative factor in the etiological factors of chronic, active, or type B gastritis; peptic and duodenal ulcers; stomach carcinoma; and epithelial...
BACKGROUND
are the principal causative factor in the etiological factors of chronic, active, or type B gastritis; peptic and duodenal ulcers; stomach carcinoma; and epithelial tissue lymphoid malignancies. It infects more than half of the population worldwide. To reduce production, pharmacological therapy of diseases typically involves using threefold treatment methods. However, as a result of such therapy, antimicrobial resistance is commonly developed. Alternative therapeutics for diseases are thus of particular interest.
METHODS
Thyme essential oils (EOs) obtained from Jalas plants in Iran were tested for antibacterial activity against obtained from 320 poultry specimens in this investigation. Antibacterial activity was measured using inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The impact of Jalas essential oils on isolate , , and gene expression was evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR method ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
The chemical content of these EOs varied significantly according to chromatographic examination. Thymol, carvacrol, and terpinene-4-ol are the most abundant components in these EOs. was recognized as a species with a 175-bp PCR product of 16S rRNA in 20/20 (100%). According to PCR results, all 20 (100%) isolates belonged to . The EOs inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with Jalas being the most effective, followed by pterygium EOs in decreasing order. At 8 mg/mL of Jalas EOs, IZs against were 27.4 ± 0.42 mm, and at 8 mg/mL of pterygium, IZs against were 1 ± 0.02. Jalas essential oils were used to treat all bacteria, and the findings showed that Jalas had a substantial inhibitory impact on the expression of , , and virulence-related genes ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In a dose-dependent manner, the EOs of Jalas EO demonstrated a high degree of antimicrobial property against bacteria. The most efficient EOs were those from Jalas with relative concentrations of thymol and carvacrol, followed by the coumarin-dominated pterygium EO with reduced antibacterial activity.
PubMed: 38887601
DOI: 10.1155/2024/3627074 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The objective of this study is to review different methods to screen for the optimal model for preventing and treating chicken glandular and muscular gastritis syndrome....
The objective of this study is to review different methods to screen for the optimal model for preventing and treating chicken glandular and muscular gastritis syndrome. Twenty-four 40-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were randomly allocated into four groups ( = 6): polyethylene glycol + ammonium chloride group (M1 group), acetic acid + rhubarb group (M2 group), polyethylene glycol + rhubarb group (M3 group), and control group. The control group had free access to water, while the remaining groups received different doses of molding reagents added to their drinking water. The animal models were assessed based on clinical manifestations, histopathology findings, serological analysis, and composition of intestinal microbiota to establish an optimal approach for constructing an avian model of glandular and muscular gastritis. The SPF chickens in each model group exhibited typical symptoms of glandular and muscular gastritis, poor spirit, yellow loose stools with undigested feed, and enlargement and ulceration of the glandular and muscular stomach. Among these groups, the M3 group had the highest incidence rate of 100%. Compared to the control group, the body weight and body temperature of the chicken in the three model groups were reduced, and the glandular and muscular stomachs and duodenum showed different degrees of bleeding, mucosal abscission, and other pathological injuries. Additionally, the levels of serum IL-2 and α-amylase activity decreased while the content of IL-4 increased. After conducting 16s rDNA sequencing, it was observed that the abundance of , and was significantly increased in the model group compared to the control group. Conversely, there was a notable decrease in the levels of and , which are speculated to be associated with arachidonic acid metabolism, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathways. The combination of polyethylene glycol and rhubarb emerged as the most effective method for establishing the glandular and muscular gastritis model in SPF chickens. This constructed chicken model displayed distinct signs of damage to the glandular and muscular stomach, inflammatory response, and disturbance in the intestinal flora, thereby providing a foundation for future research on the prevention and treatment of this syndrome.
PubMed: 38887537
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1343768 -
EJVES Vascular Forum 2024Primary aorto-enteral fistula (PAEF) is a connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the aorta that occurs without previous aortic surgery. The aetiological...
OBJECTIVE
Primary aorto-enteral fistula (PAEF) is a connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the aorta that occurs without previous aortic surgery. The aetiological factors include, but are not limited to, aneurysm, infection, and tumours. It is a life threatening condition if untreated and requires emergency vascular surgical repair. A secondary aorto-enteric fistula (AEF) can occur to a previously reconstructed aorta. This case report presents a unique case of a male patient who developed a primary AEF and subsequent secondary AEF with successful surgical outcomes, suggested to be due to tuberculous aortitis.
REPORT
The patient was diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis and developed a saccular aneurysm within six months. The PAEF was surgically corrected with a tube graft using a bovine pericardial patch, the defect in duodenum was sutured, and a retrocolic omental flap was created between the duodenum and aorta. He developed a small stable pseudoaneurysm during follow up, and then a secondary AEF two and a half years later, in which a connection between the pseudoaneurysm and duodenum was corrected using a new bovine aorto-aortic interposition graft using a bovine pericardium patch. The defect in the duodenum was also sutured in two layers and a new omental flap was created.
DISCUSSION
The mortality rate of AEF is high and it is very unlikely that a patient will survive two AEFs without major complications. It is believed that there are extremely few double AEF cases described in the literature. The aetiological factor in the development of PAEF in this case was most likely the patient's aortic aneurysm, which was most likely of mycotic origin due to tuberculosis. The patient developed a pseudoaneurysm during follow up and it is uncertain whether the pulsatile pressure of the pseudoaneurysm led to the recurrence of the AEF.
PubMed: 38884073
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvsvf.2024.05.005