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International Journal of Environmental... May 2024This study aims to examine how the activation of the role of nursee and professional identification as a nurse can influence moral judgments in terms of deontological...
This study aims to examine how the activation of the role of nursee and professional identification as a nurse can influence moral judgments in terms of deontological and utilitarian inclinations. In Study 1, a priming technique was used to assess the impact of activating the nursing concept on moral reasoning. Participants were randomly assigned to either a nursing prime or neutral prime condition. By using a scrambled-sentence task, participants were prompted to think about nursing-related or neutral thoughts. Following the priming task, participants were asked to respond to 20 moral dilemmas. The process dissociation approach was employed to measure the degree of deontological and utilitarian tendencies in their moral reasoning. In Study 2, participants completed the nursing profession identification scale and the moral orientation scale before engaging in moral judgments similar to those in Study 1. The findings revealed that priming the concept of being a nursee resulted in an increase in deontological clinical inclinations while having no significant effect on utilitarian inclinations. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between identification with the nursing profession and deontological clinical inclinations, whereas a negative correlation was found with utilitarian inclinations. Deliberation orientation acted as a complete mediator in the relationship between nursing professional identification and deontological tendencies and as a partial mediator for utilitarian tendencies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Young Adult; Morals; Nurses; Judgment
PubMed: 38928958
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060712 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024Retention in care for people living with HIV (PLWH) is important for individual and population health. Preemptive identification of PLWH at high risk of lapsing in care...
Retention in care for people living with HIV (PLWH) is important for individual and population health. Preemptive identification of PLWH at high risk of lapsing in care may improve retention efforts. We surveyed providers at nine institutions throughout Chicago about their perspectives on using an electronic health record (EHR) tool to predict the risk of lapsing in care. Sixty-three percent (20/32) of providers reported currently assessing patients' risk for lapsing in care, and 91% (29/32) reported willingness to implement an EHR tool. When compared to those with other job roles, prescribers agreed (vs. neutral) that the tool would be less biased than personal judgment (OR 13.33, 95% CI 1.05, 169.56). Prescribers were also more likely to identify community health workers as persons who should deliver these interventions (OR 10.50, 95% CI 1.02, 108.58). Transportation, housing, substance use, and employment information were factors that providers wanted to be included in an EHR-based tool. Social workers were significantly more likely to indicate the inclusion of employment information as important (OR 10.50, 95% CI 1.11, 98.87) when compared to other participants. Acceptability of an EHR tool was high; future research should investigate barriers and evaluate the effectiveness of such a tool.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Electronic Health Records; Male; Female; Chicago; Feasibility Studies; Adult; Health Personnel; Middle Aged; Retention in Care; Attitude of Health Personnel
PubMed: 38928919
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060671 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Against the backdrop of continuous socio-economic development, there is a growing concern among people about food quality and safety. Individuals are increasingly...
Against the backdrop of continuous socio-economic development, there is a growing concern among people about food quality and safety. Individuals are increasingly realizing the critical importance of healthy eating for bodily health; hence the continuous rise in demand for detecting food pollution. Simultaneously, the rapid expansion of global food trade has made people's pursuit of high-quality food more urgent. However, traditional methods of food analysis have certain limitations, mainly manifested in the high degree of reliance on personal subjective judgment for assessing food quality. In this context, the emergence of artificial intelligence and biosensors has provided new possibilities for the evaluation of food quality. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach that involves aggregating data relevant to food quality indices and developing corresponding evaluation models to highlight the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of artificial intelligence and biosensors in food quality evaluation. The potential prospects and challenges of this method in the field of food safety are comprehensively discussed, aiming to provide valuable references for future research and practice.
PubMed: 38928877
DOI: 10.3390/foods13121936 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy associated with a high mortality rate, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 23%. Traditional survival analysis methods, reliant...
Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy associated with a high mortality rate, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 23%. Traditional survival analysis methods, reliant on clinician judgment, may lack accuracy due to their subjective nature. Consequently, there is growing interest in leveraging AI-based systems for survival analysis using clinical data and medical imaging. The purpose of this study is to improve survival classification for lung cancer patients by utilizing a 3D-CNN architecture (ResNet-34) applied to CT images from the dataset. Through comprehensive ablation studies, we evaluate the effectiveness of different features and methodologies in classification performance. Key contributions include the introduction of a novel feature (), the proposal of a novel loss function () accounting for false negatives and false positives, and the showcasing of their efficacy in classification. Experimental work demonstrates results surpassing those of the existing literature, achieving a classification accuracy of 0.7434 and an ROC-AUC of 0.7768. The conclusions of this research indicate that the AI-driven approach significantly improves survival prediction for lung cancer patients, highlighting its potential for enhancing personalized treatment strategies and prognostic modeling.
PubMed: 38928724
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121309 -
Brain Sciences Jun 2024Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical condition characterized by a high prevalence, substantial mortality rates, and unpredictable clinical outcomes, which...
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical condition characterized by a high prevalence, substantial mortality rates, and unpredictable clinical outcomes, which results in a serious threat to human health. Improving the timeliness and accuracy of prognosis assessment is crucial to minimizing mortality and long-term disability associated with ICH. Due to the complexity of ICH, the diagnosis of ICH in clinical practice heavily relies on the professional expertise and clinical experience of physicians. Traditional prognostic methods largely depend on the specialized knowledge and subjective judgment of healthcare professionals. Meanwhile, existing artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, which predominantly utilize features derived from computed tomography (CT) scans, fall short of capturing the multifaceted nature of ICH. Although existing methods are capable of integrating clinical information and CT images for prognosis, the effectiveness of this fusion process still requires improvement. To surmount these limitations, the present study introduces a novel AI framework, termed the ICH Network (ICH-Net), which employs a joint-attention cross-modal network to synergize clinical textual data with CT imaging features. The architecture of ICH-Net consists of three integral components: the Feature Extraction Module, which processes and abstracts salient characteristics from the clinical and imaging data, the Feature Fusion Module, which amalgamates the diverse data streams, and the Classification Module, which interprets the fused features to deliver prognostic predictions. Our evaluation, conducted through a rigorous five-fold cross-validation process, demonstrates that ICH-Net achieves a commendable accuracy of up to 87.77%, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods detailed within our research. This evidence underscores the potential of ICH-Net as a formidable tool in prognosticating ICH, promising a significant advancement in clinical decision-making and patient care.
PubMed: 38928618
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060618 -
Brain Sciences May 2024: People with Down syndrome (DS) are deficient in verbal memory but relatively preserved in visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge....
: People with Down syndrome (DS) are deficient in verbal memory but relatively preserved in visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge. Receptive ability is better than expressive ability in people with DS but still seriously lags behind their age-matched controls. This lag may result in the weak semantic integration of people with DS. : This study aimed to examine the ability of semantic integration of people with DS by using false-memory tasks. Possible differences in the number of false memories induced by nouns and verbs were of focus. Two phases were involved in the false-memory task. In the study phase, ten-word lists with semantically related associates were presented. In the recognition phase, judgments were to be made about whether the words presented had been heard before. Three types of words were tested: previously presented associates, semantically related lures, and semantically unrelated new words. : People with DS overall showed the lowest accuracy among groups in response to tested word types. In the processing of lures, people with DS were worse in recognition than MA controls. In processing unrelated words, people with DS responded least accurately to all types of words compared to control groups. In the processing of associates, people with DS showed similar recognition rates as the MA controls but were less accurate than the CA controls. No difference was observed between nouns and verbs in recognizing word types among groups, though faster responses to nouns than to verbs emerged in college students. Further analyses on topic-wised comparisons of errors across syntactic categories revealed differences in specific concepts among groups, suggesting people with DS were atypical in semantic organization. : People with DS showed mixed patterns in semantic integration by false-memory tasks with delay to associates and deviance to lures together with unrelated words. People with DS showed distinct patterns in processing nouns and verbs while conducting topic-wise comparisons, suggesting that they formed false memories differently based on distinct syntactic categories. We concluded that people with DS develop a deviant semantic structure, hence showing problems in language and social cognition. Category-based rehabilitation is suggested to be implemented for people with DS to improve their semantic knowledge through lexical connections.
PubMed: 38928536
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060538 -
La Medicina Del Lavoro Jun 2024This study, conducted on a sample of Italian occupational physicians (OPs), aimed to gather data regarding professional activity and their needs in managing workers with...
BACKGROUND
This study, conducted on a sample of Italian occupational physicians (OPs), aimed to gather data regarding professional activity and their needs in managing workers with multiple sclerosis.
METHODS
A convenience sample of OPs recruited by e-mail invitation to the list of Italian Society of Occupational Medicine members was considered. A total of 220 OPs participated between July and October 2022. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed based on previous survey experiences. It investigated, among others, the characteristics of OP respondents, the evaluation of fitness for work issues, and the OP training and updating needs on multiple sclerosis and work.
RESULTS
Ninety-one percent of OPs had to assess the fitness for work of workers with multiple sclerosis during their activity. Sixty-four percent experienced particular difficulties in issuing a fitness for work judgment. Regarding the level of knowledge on multiple sclerosis, 54% judged it sufficient. The "Assessment of fitness for work for the specific task" and the "Role of the OPs in identifying reasonable accommodations" were the most interesting training topics regarding MS management in work contexts chosen by the respondents.
CONCLUSIONS
The interest in the work inclusion and job retention of people with disability, particularly the aspects linked to the Identification and implementation of reasonable accommodations, will require integration with the occupational safety and health protection system and will undoubtedly impact the OP's activities.
Topics: Humans; Italy; Multiple Sclerosis; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Occupational Medicine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Work Capacity Evaluation; Occupational Health Physicians
PubMed: 38922836
DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v115i3.16038 -
Sports (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024This study aimed to analyze the effect of a flow training program based on mindfulness applied to young and adult elite handball athletes. A quantitative,...
This study aimed to analyze the effect of a flow training program based on mindfulness applied to young and adult elite handball athletes. A quantitative, quasi-experimental, descriptive data analysis approach was carried out. The sample included 105 athletes (51 female and 54 male). The athletes were divided into two groups: (i) experimental (n = 53) and (ii) control (n = 52). The results of the repeated ANOVA indicated that the experimental group achieved significant improvements compared to the control group in decision making (n = 0.086), mental well-being (n = 0.045), dispositional flow state (n = 0.103), non-judgment (n = 0.040), refocusing (n = 0.052), and mindful traits in daily life (n = 0.058). A Pearson analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between dispositional flow state and mindfulness in sport and mental well-being. The correlation analysis also showed an inverse correlation between decision making and sense of control and mindful traits in daily life. The findings revealed that the program can be effective in decision making, mental well-being, dispositional flow state, mindfulness in sport, and mindful traits in daily lives of athletes.
PubMed: 38921854
DOI: 10.3390/sports12060160 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024To provide high-quality nursing care, nursing education requires the basic quality of self-leadership from professional nurses so that they can make self-directed and...
To provide high-quality nursing care, nursing education requires the basic quality of self-leadership from professional nurses so that they can make self-directed and responsible judgments and decisions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate relationships among self-leadership, positive psychological capital, consciousness of calling, and nursing professionalism in nursing students. A cross-sectional online survey of 202 students from two universities in South Korea was conducted between August and September 2022, using a convenience sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and bootstrapping using Hayes' PROCESS macro for mediation. A significant positive correlation was found between self-leadership, positive psychological capital, consciousness of calling, and nursing professionalism. Positive psychological capital and consciousness of calling showed an indirect mediating effect on the relationship between self-leadership and nursing professionalism. To improve nursing professionalism, programs should be developed to educate nursing students, strengthen their self-leadership skills, and increase the influence of positive psychological capital and consciousness of calling for nursing. This will ultimately contribute to improving the quality of patient care by fostering competent nursing experts.
PubMed: 38921314
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121200 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Ensemble coding allows observers to form an average to represent a set of elements. However, it is unclear whether observers can extract an average from a cross-category...
Ensemble coding allows observers to form an average to represent a set of elements. However, it is unclear whether observers can extract an average from a cross-category set. Previous investigations on this issue using low-level stimuli yielded contradictory results. The current study addressed this issue by presenting high-level stimuli (i.e., a crowd of facial expressions) simultaneously (Experiment 1) or sequentially (Experiment 2), and asked participants to complete a member judgment task. The results showed that participants could extract average information from a group of cross-category facial expressions with a short perceptual distance. These findings demonstrate cross-category ensemble coding of high-level stimuli, contributing to the understanding of ensemble coding and providing inspiration for future research.
PubMed: 38920840
DOI: 10.3390/bs14060508