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Vaccine May 2024In October 2023, the Tel Aviv District was notified of ten cases of measles. The outbreak initiated in a preschool with high vaccination coverage with one dose of MMR...
In October 2023, the Tel Aviv District was notified of ten cases of measles. The outbreak initiated in a preschool with high vaccination coverage with one dose of MMR vaccine. Serological testing was available for eight patients (six children and two adults). Among the six children vaccinated with one dose of MMR vaccine, primary vaccine failure was demonstrated. Among the adults, secondary vaccine failure was confirmed. The outbreak was successfully contained due to a combination of factors, notably its occurrence within a population characterized by high vaccination coverage in Tel Aviv, during a period of restricted public interactions due to the prevailing state of war in the country. Despite challenging wartime conditions, effective prophylactic measures were promptly executed, encompassing a 2-dose MMR vaccination schedule for close contacts and the broader community of children in the TA district, successfully curbing the outbreak and preventing widespread infections.
Topics: Humans; Measles; Disease Outbreaks; Israel; Child, Preschool; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Male; Female; Adult; Vaccination; Vaccination Coverage; Child; Infant; Immunization Schedule; Adolescent; Young Adult
PubMed: 38627149
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.013 -
Open Forum Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Measles deaths highlight immunization program gaps. In the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance study in Mali, we observed a rise in under-5...
Measles deaths highlight immunization program gaps. In the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance study in Mali, we observed a rise in under-5 measles-related deaths in 2022 that corresponded with increased measles cases at the same time and a decline in measles vaccine coverage in Mali in 2020.
PubMed: 38617075
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae154 -
The Lancet. Public Health May 2024
Topics: Humans; Measles; Prisons; Jails; Measles Vaccine; Prisoners
PubMed: 38614107
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00074-4 -
Preventive Medicine Reports May 2024The vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMR and V) have been mandatory in Italy since 2017. Two different vaccination strategies are suggested for the...
Adverse events following Measles-Mumps-Rubella and varicella immunization: A safety profile analysis and comparison of different vaccination schedules based on the Italian Pharmacovigilance Network in the Veneto Region.
OBJECTIVE
The vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMR and V) have been mandatory in Italy since 2017. Two different vaccination strategies are suggested for the first dose: trivalent MMR and a separate V vaccine or the tetravalent MMRV vaccine. Our aim is to compare the safety profile of MMRV and MMR-V vaccines through the passive adverse event reporting system in the Veneto region and to perform a case-by-case review of a few conditions of interest (febrile and afebrile seizures, ataxia, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura). Age and sex differences were also explored.
METHODS
We identified all reports following MMRV or MMR-V vaccination in the Veneto Region and received into the National Pharmacovigilance Network between 2007 and April 30, 2022.
RESULTS
9,510 reports were retrieved, of which 5,662 (59.5 %) were related to MMRV and 3,848 (40.5 %) to MMR-V. No safety signals were detected supporting the evidence that MMRV and MMR-V vaccinations have a good safety profile. The reporting rate (RR) for serious events between 2007 and 2022 resulted in 13.67 per 10,000 administered doses for MMRV and 10.90 for MMR-V.
CONCLUSION
Passive surveillance data show a significantly higher rate of serious events for males 0-2 years old, both overall and stratified per vaccination strategy. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation. The analyses suggest that retrieved differences do not have a significant impact on the overall safety of both formulations.
PubMed: 38606113
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102711 -
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly... Apr 2024Measles is a highly infectious febrile rash illness and was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. However, measles importations continue to occur, and U.S....
Measles is a highly infectious febrile rash illness and was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. However, measles importations continue to occur, and U.S. measles elimination status was threatened in 2019 as the result of two prolonged outbreaks among undervaccinated communities in New York and New York City. To assess U.S. measles elimination status after the 2019 outbreaks and to provide context to understand more recent increases in measles cases, CDC analyzed epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance data and the performance of the U.S. measles surveillance system after these outbreaks. During January 1, 2020-March 28, 2024, CDC was notified of 338 confirmed measles cases; 97 (29%) of these cases occurred during the first quarter of 2024, representing a more than seventeenfold increase over the mean number of cases reported during the first quarter of 2020-2023. Among the 338 reported cases, the median patient age was 3 years (range = 0-64 years); 309 (91%) patients were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status, and 336 case investigations included information on ≥80% of critical surveillance indicators. During 2020-2023, the longest transmission chain lasted 63 days. As of the end of 2023, because of the absence of sustained measles virus transmission for 12 consecutive months in the presence of a well-performing surveillance system, U.S. measles elimination status was maintained. Risk for widespread U.S. measles transmission remains low because of high population immunity. However, because of the increase in cases during the first quarter of 2024, additional activities are needed to increase U.S. routine measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage, especially among close-knit and undervaccinated communities. These activities include encouraging vaccination before international travel and rapidly investigating suspected measles cases.
Topics: United States; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Measles; Measles virus; Vaccination; Vaccination Coverage; Disease Outbreaks; New York City; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
PubMed: 38602886
DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7314a1 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2024The waning of maternal antibodies may cause infants to lose protection against measles before receiving measles-containing vaccine (MCV). The aim of this study is to...
The waning of maternal antibodies may cause infants to lose protection against measles before receiving measles-containing vaccine (MCV). The aim of this study is to investigate the changing characteristics and influencing factors of measles antibodies in preterm infants (PT), and to provide scientific basis for optimizing MCV vaccination strategy of the target population. Blood samples were collected from PT and full-term infants (FT) at the chronological age (CA) of 3, 6, and 12 months. Measles antibodies were quantitatively detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic and vaccination information were both collected. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the measles antibodies among different gestation age (GA) groups, and multiple linear regression was performed to identify the correlative factors for the antibodies. Measles antibodies of PT decreased significantly with age increasing before MCV vaccination. The positive rates of antibodies of PT were 10.80% and 3.30% at the age of 3 and 6 months, respectively ( < .001). At 12 months, the measles antibodies and seropositive rate in the infants who received MCV vaccination increased sharply ( < .001). Regression analyzes showed that the younger the GA or the older the age, the lower the antibodies at 3 months(p < .001,p = .018); while the lower measles antibody levels at 3 months and older age predicted the lower antibodies at 6 months(p < .001, = .029). PT were susceptible to measles due to the low level of maternally derived antibodies before MCV vaccination. More efforts should be considered to protect the vulnerable population during their early postnatal life.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Measles Vaccine; Measles; Measles virus; Antibodies, Viral; China; Vaccination
PubMed: 38599768
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2338505 -
Indian Pediatrics Apr 2024Mumps is a global public health problem caused by mumps virus, a member of paramyxoviridae family. MMR (Mumps, Measles, Rubella), an effective vaccine, has been... (Review)
Review
Mumps is a global public health problem caused by mumps virus, a member of paramyxoviridae family. MMR (Mumps, Measles, Rubella), an effective vaccine, has been incorporated into routine immunization schedules in over 100 countries. On the contrary, in India, vaccine against mumps has not been included in the routine immunization schedule as mumps is still not viewed as a significant public health problem by the government to warrant such an intervention. An increasing number of mumps outbreaks being reported from many parts of the country in the recent past, is matter of concern. The current paper reviews the situation of mumps in India including the recent surge, and discusses the remedial measures to contain these outbreaks. We conclude that inclusion of Mumps component as MMR vaccine in the Universal Immunization Programme of India along with strengthening surveillance is required to tackle the situation.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Viral; India; Measles; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Rubella
PubMed: 38597102
DOI: No ID Found -
Vaccine Nov 2023Many western countries are challenged by delayed and insufficient vaccination coverage rates in children, and thus missing WHO coverage targets. This study aimed to... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
AIMS
Many western countries are challenged by delayed and insufficient vaccination coverage rates in children, and thus missing WHO coverage targets. This study aimed to estimate vaccination coverage and timeliness in Swiss children over a decade. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of COVID-19, regional variations, and the adherence to the amended vaccination schedule in 2019.
METHODS
Retrospective observational study with Swiss health insurance claims data including birth cohorts 2012-2021 of children continuously observed until ages 13, 25, and 48 months respectively. We used population-weighted proportions and time-to-event analyses to describe coverage and timeliness of diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis/poliomyelitis/haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib), measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), hepatitis B (HBV), pneumococcal (PCV), and meningococcal (MCV) vaccinations according to the national schedule. The potential impact of COVID-19 and vaccination schedule adherence were evaluated descriptively. Logistic regression was used to investigate regional factors potentially associated with non-vaccination.
RESULTS
120,073 children, representing between 12 and 17 % of all Swiss children born in corresponding years, were included. Coverage remained stable or improved over the years. The 2019 amendment of the national immunization schedule was associated with an increase of ~10 % points in full coverage in Swiss children for DTaP-IPV-Hib, MMR and HBV despite the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, full vaccination coverage remained below 90 % with many vaccination series being delayed or not completed. The comparison across the different vaccines revealed large differences in coverage. Moreover, we observed large regional differences in non-vaccination with children living in rural and German-speaking areas more likely to be entirely unvaccinated.
CONCLUSION
Full vaccination coverage in Swiss children is still below 90 % with many vaccinations administered delayed. Given regional differences, missed or delayed booster vaccinations, and differences in vaccine-specific acceptability, more effort may be needed to achieve national vaccination targets.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Vaccination Coverage; Birth Cohort; Pandemics; Switzerland; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Vaccination; Rubella Vaccine; Immunization Schedule; Haemophilus Vaccines; COVID-19
PubMed: 38593195
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.043 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2024To study the impact of coronavirus disease-2019 on Expanded Programme on Immunisation in a rural setting.
OBJECTIVES
To study the impact of coronavirus disease-2019 on Expanded Programme on Immunisation in a rural setting.
METHODS
The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in five union councils of District Dir Lower, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Data was collected from March to August 2020, which was a period of lockdowns in the wake of the coronavirus disease-2019, and then from March to August 2021. The sample comprised children aged <2 years. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
RESULTS
Of the 330 children, 210(63.6%) were boys, and 120(36.4%) were girls, and all 330(100%) were located in rural areas. First-phase data showed that the maximum coverage rate of immunisation was 258(78.2%) noted in OPV1(Oral Polio Vaccine) Penta1(Pentavalent vaccine), PCV10-1 (Pneumococcal pneumonia) and Rota 1(Rota Vaccine), and the least vaccination rate was 68.2% for Measle-1. In the second phase, 23% incline was noted in Measles-2 vaccination, followed by 16.3% in OPV2, Penta 2, PCV10-2 and Rota 2, 16% in Measles-1, 14% in OPV-3, Penta-3, PCV10-3, Rota-3 and IPV, 11.5% in OPV-1, Penta-1, PCV10-1, and Rota-1, and 10.6% in OPV-0 and BCG-0.
CONCLUSIONS
Immunisation programme was affected by lockdowns during the active phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Cross-Sectional Studies; Poliomyelitis; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Vaccination; Immunization; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Immunization Programs; Measles
PubMed: 38591277
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.8159 -
The Journal of Infection May 2024In this study, we investigated the causes of measles-like illnesses (MLI) in the Uganda national surveillance program in order to inform diagnostic assay selection and...
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we investigated the causes of measles-like illnesses (MLI) in the Uganda national surveillance program in order to inform diagnostic assay selection and vaccination strategies.
METHODS
We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (M-NGS) on the Illumina platform to identify viruses associated with MLI (defined as fever and rash in the presence of either cough, coryza or conjunctivitis) in patient samples that had tested IgM negative for measles between 2010 and 2019.
RESULTS
Viral genomes were identified in 87/271 (32%) of samples, of which 44/271 (16%) contained 12 known viral pathogens. Expected viruses included rubella, human parvovirus B19, Epstein Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6B, human cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus and measles virus (detected within the seronegative window-period of infection) and the blood-borne hepatitis B virus. We also detected Saffold virus, human parvovirus type 4, the human adenovirus C2 and vaccine-associated poliovirus type 1.
CONCLUSIONS
The study highlights the presence of undiagnosed viruses causing MLI in Uganda, including vaccine-preventable illnesses. NGS can be used to monitor common viral infections at a population level, especially in regions where such infections are prevalent, including low and middle income countries to guide vaccination policy and optimize diagnostic assays.
Topics: Humans; Uganda; Child, Preschool; Measles; Infant; Child; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Male; Female; Adolescent; Viruses; Genome, Viral; Adult; Young Adult; Virus Diseases; Metagenomics; Measles virus
PubMed: 38588959
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106148