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Northern Clinics of Istanbul 2023Although hydatid cyst infects many organs, it most commonly involves liver, lungs, and central nervous system. The goal of hydatid cyst treatment is to completely...
Although hydatid cyst infects many organs, it most commonly involves liver, lungs, and central nervous system. The goal of hydatid cyst treatment is to completely eliminate the parasite and to prevent recurrences with minimal mortality and morbidity. The procedure of puncture, aspiration, injection of a scolicidal, and reaspiration (PAIR) of a cyst has been introduced as an alternative to surgical method since it is less invasive and less morbid and is associated with a shorter hospital stay and a lower cost. Herein, we report an 11-year-old girl who developed anaphylaxis during the puncture of a hepatic hydatid cyst. The patient who developed anaphylaxis during the PAIR procedure was administered intravenous adrenaline, methyl prednisolone, and antihistaminic medication. She was intubated and provided assisted ventilation using a mechanic ventilator. The child was extubated 4 h after her admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. During follow-up, the contents of her hepatic hydatid cysts were aspirated through a catheter, followed by their irrigation with 20% sodium chloride and re-aspiration. Then, 97% ethyl alcohol was injected into the cyst cavity to make it collapse. The goal of this report was to draw attention to the rare occurrence of anaphylaxis during the PAIR procedure and to stress that clini-cians should be vigilant for this complication.
PubMed: 38328732
DOI: 10.14744/nci.2022.58260 -
RSC Advances Jan 2024The growth of industrial activities has produced a significant increase in the release of toxic organic pollutants (OPs) to the environment from industrial wastewater....
The growth of industrial activities has produced a significant increase in the release of toxic organic pollutants (OPs) to the environment from industrial wastewater. On this premise, this study reports the use of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) impregnated with various ionic liquids (ILs) in the adsorption of phenol derivatives, , 2,6-dimethylphenol and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl. MOFs were prepared starting from 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) with divalent (Co, Ni, Cu) and trivalent (Ce) metal salts in mild hydrothermal conditions using water as a green solvent. Imidazolium base ionic liquids, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, and 1-hexyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride, were used to modify MOFs, leading to composite materials (IL@MOF), which show the structural characteristics of MOFs, and complement the advantages of ILs. SEM, EDX images, and TG data indicate that the IL is just attached on the surface of the adsorbent material, with no changes in crystal size or morphology, but with slightly altered thermal stabilities of IL@MOF composites compared to the original ILs and MOFs, pointing to some interionic interaction between IL and MOF. This research consists of equilibrium experiments, studying the effect of the initial concentration of OPs on the adsorption efficiency of the as-prepared MOFs and IL@MOF, in order to determine the influence of the nature of the adsorbent on its developed adsorption capacity and to investigate the performance of both ILs and MOFs. To determine the maximum adsorption capacity, several empirical isotherms were used: Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Dubinin-Radushkevich. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm and the correlation coefficient () were identified. The IL modification of MOFs increased the adsorption capacity of IL@MOF for the removal of phenol derivatives from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity function of the MOF structure follows the trend CeHEDP > CoHEDP > NiHEDP > CuHEDP. The best performance was achieved by adsorbent materials based on Ce.
PubMed: 38318619
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08024b -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Dec 2023The reaction between the (,)-fixolide 4-methyl-thio-semicarbazone and Pd chloride yielded the title compound, [Pd(CHNS)]·CHO {common name: -bis-[(,)-fixolide...
Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis of -bis-(2-{1-[(6,)-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexa-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetra-hydronaphthalen-2-yl]ethyl-idene}--methyl-hydrazinecarbo-thio-amidato-κ,)palladium(II) ethanol monosolvate.
The reaction between the (,)-fixolide 4-methyl-thio-semicarbazone and Pd chloride yielded the title compound, [Pd(CHNS)]·CHO {common name: -bis-[(,)-fixolide 4-methyl-thio-semicarbazonato-κ ]palladium(II) ethanol monosolvate}. The asymmetric unit of the title compound consists of one bis-thio-semicarbazonato Pd complex and one ethanol solvent mol-ecule. The thio-semicarbazononato ligands act as metal chelators with a configuration in a distorted square-planar geometry. A C-H⋯S intra-molecular inter-action, with graph-set motif (6), is observed and the coordination sphere resembles a hydrogen-bonded macrocyclic environment. Additionally, one C-H⋯Pd anagostic inter-action can be suggested. Each ligand is disordered over the aliphatic ring, which adopts a half-chair conformation, and two methyl groups [s.o.f. = 0.624 (2):0.376 (2)]. The disorder includes the chiral carbon atoms and, remarkably, one ligand has the ()-isomer with the highest s.o.f. value atoms, while the other one shows the opposite, the atoms with the highest s.o.f. value are associated with the ()-isomer. The N-N-C(=S)-N fragments of the ligands are approximately planar, with the maximum deviations from the mean plane through the selected atoms being 0.0567 (1) and -0.0307 (8) Å (r.m.s.d. = 0.0403 and 0.0269 Å) and the dihedral angle with the respective aromatic rings amount to 46.68 (5) and 50.66 (4)°. In the crystal, the complexes are linked pairs of N-H⋯S inter-actions, with graph-set motif (8), into centrosymmetric dimers. The dimers are further connected by centrosymmetric pairs of ethanol mol-ecules, building mono-periodic hydrogen-bonded ribbons along [011]. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the major contributions for the crystal cohesion are [atoms with highest/lowest s.o.f.s considered separately]: H⋯H (81.6/82.0%), H⋯C/C⋯H (6.5/6.4%), H⋯N/N⋯H (5.2/5.0%) and H⋯S/S⋯H (5.0/4.9%).
PubMed: 38313134
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989023009908 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024The application of a new class of surfactants such as ionic liquids (ILs) compared with the conventional surfactants and their interactions with each other concomitant...
The application of a new class of surfactants such as ionic liquids (ILs) compared with the conventional surfactants and their interactions with each other concomitant and alkaline under salinities is not well examined based on the best knowledge of the authors. So, the current work focused on the impact of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), 1-dodecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride (C12mim][Cl]), 1-octadecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([C18mim][Cl]) in the presence and absence of alkali namely sodium tetraborate known as borax (Na2B4O7) on the IFT variation while the salinity was changed 0-82,000 ppm (ionic strength of 0-1.4 M). The results showed the positive impact of salinity on the pH reduction and reduced the alkaline effect for pH reduction. Also, the measurements showed that the presence of surfactant reduces the role of alkaline for pH variation as it moved from 9.2 to 6.63 for the solution prepared using SLS and SDBS. The measured IFT values showed that not only alkali has a significant impact as it combined with SLS and SDBS due to a desired synergy between these chemicals, it can reduce the critical micelle concentration (CMC) for the SDBS from 1105 to 852 ppm and much higher for [C12mim][Cl].
PubMed: 38297078
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52178-1 -
Polymers Nov 2023Ion bombardment is an important tool of materials processing, but usually leads to erosion of the surface and significant thickness reductions when thin layers are used....
Ion bombardment is an important tool of materials processing, but usually leads to erosion of the surface and significant thickness reductions when thin layers are used. The growing use of polymer thin films in a variety of applications, from coatings and membranes to biomedical and electronic devices, calls for a deeper understanding of the thinning process induced by energetic ions espe-cially for very thin films. Here, thinning and surface morphology changes induced by high-energy ion bombardment in PMMA and PVC thin films were investigated, focusing on the role of the initial thickness of the films and the stopping power of the ions. We used thin films with initial thicknesses varying from 13 to 800 nm, and light and heavy ions as projectiles in the energy range of 2-2000 MeV, where the electronic stopping dominates. Thickness reductions as a function of fluence were monitored and thinning cross sections were extracted from curves. A supralinear scaling between the thinning cross sections and the electronic stopping power of the beams was observed, with a much enhanced thinning efficiency for the swift heavy ions. The scaling with the stopping power dE/dx is almost independent of the initial thickness of the films. At intermediate and large fluences, changes in the physicochemical properties of the irradiated polymers may modulate and decelerate the thinning process of the remaining film. The importance of this secondary process depends on the stopping power and the balance between erosion and the chemical transformations induced by the beam. We also observe a trend for the thinning efficiency to become larger in very thin films. Depending on the type of beam and polymer, this effect is more or less pronounced. PMMA films irradiated with 2 MeV H show the most systematic correlation between initial thickness and thinning cross sections, while in PVC films the initial thickness plays a minor role for all investigated beams.
PubMed: 38231893
DOI: 10.3390/polym15234471 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Organophosphates are among the deadliest of known chemicals based on their ability to inactivate acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular junctions and synapses of the...
A Pralidoxime Nanocomplex Formulation Targeting Transferrin Receptors for Reactivation of Brain Acetylcholinesterase After Exposure of Mice to an Anticholinesterase Organophosphate.
INTRODUCTION
Organophosphates are among the deadliest of known chemicals based on their ability to inactivate acetylcholinesterase in neuromuscular junctions and synapses of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The consequent accumulation of acetylcholine can produce severe acute toxicities and death. Oxime antidotes act by reactivating acetylcholinesterase with the only such reactivator approved for use in the United States being 2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride (., pralidoxime or 2-PAM). However, this compound does not cross the blood-brain barrier readily and so is limited in its ability to reactivate acetylcholinesterase in the brain.
METHODS
We have developed a novel formulation of 2-PAM by encapsulating it within a nanocomplex designed to cross the blood-brain barrier via transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis. This nanocomplex (termed scL-2PAM) has been subjected to head-to-head comparisons with unencapsulated 2-PAM in mice exposed to paraoxon, an organophosphate with anticholinesterase activity.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In mice exposed to a sublethal dose of paraoxon, scL-2PAM reduced the extent and duration of cholinergic symptoms more effectively than did unencapsulated 2-PAM. The scL-2PAM formulation was also more effective than unencapsulated 2-PAM in rescuing mice from death after exposure to otherwise-lethal levels of paraoxon. Improved survival rates in paraoxon-exposed mice were accompanied by a higher degree of reactivation of brain acetylcholinesterase.
CONCLUSION
Our data indicate that scL-2PAM is superior to the currently used form of 2-PAM in terms of both mitigating paraoxon toxicity in mice and reactivating acetylcholinesterase in their brains.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Acetylcholinesterase; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Organophosphates; Oximes; Paraoxon; Pralidoxime Compounds
PubMed: 38229703
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S443498 -
BMC Genomics Jan 2024Gelsemium elegans is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant and temperature is one of the key factors affecting its growth. RAV (related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor...
BACKGROUND
Gelsemium elegans is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant and temperature is one of the key factors affecting its growth. RAV (related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor plays multiple roles in higher plants, including the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress response. However, RAV transcription factor in G. elegans has not been reported.
RESULTS
In this study, three novel GeRAV genes (GeRAV1-GeRAV3) were identified from the transcriptome of G. elegans under low temperature stress. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GeRAV1-GeRAV3 proteins were clustered into groups II, IV, and V, respectively. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses indicated that the expression of GeRAV1 and GeRAV2 was increased in response to cold stress. Furthermore, the GeRAV1 gene was successfully cloned from G. elegans leaf. It encoded a hydrophilic, unstable, and non-secretory protein that contained both AP2 and B3 domains. The amino acid sequence of GeRAV1 protein shared a high similarity of 81.97% with Camptotheca acuminata CaRAV. Subcellular localization and transcriptional self-activation experiments demonstrated that GeRAV1 was a nucleoprotein without self-activating activity. The GeRAV1 gene was constitutively expressed in the leaves, stems, and roots of the G. elegans, with the highest expression levels in roots. In addition, the expression of the GeRAV1 gene was rapidly up-regulated under abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) stresses, suggesting that it may be involved in hormonal signaling pathways. Moreover, GeRAV1 conferred improved cold and sodium chloride tolerance in Escherichia coli Rosetta cells.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings provided a foundation for further understanding on the function and regulatory mechanism of the GeRAV1 gene in response to low-temperature stress in G. elegans.
Topics: Transcription Factors; Gelsemium; Stress, Physiological; Phylogeny; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Cold-Shock Response; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 38166591
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09919-9 -
Food Chemistry: X Dec 2023This study aimed to investigate the effect of trypsin-like protease (TLP) on the quality of muscle proteins in red shrimp () during cold storage. The results indicated...
This study aimed to investigate the effect of trypsin-like protease (TLP) on the quality of muscle proteins in red shrimp () during cold storage. The results indicated that the activity of TLP decreased significantly in the head of shrimp but increased significantly in the muscle tissues during the cold storage. The myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) value of intact shrimp was significantly higher than that of beheaded shrimp, while the Ca-ATPase activity of intact shrimp was significantly lower than that of beheaded shrimp. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of purified TLP from the shrimp head was about 24 kDa, and the TLP showed high activity at 50 °C and pH 8, indicating that the TLP belongs to the trypsin family. Results from simulation experiments indicated that the process of TLP incubation significantly reduced the particle size and enlarged the distribution of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in shrimp muscle tissues. The comparisons were made with respect to the control samples. It can be inferred that TLP migrated from the shrimp head to the muscle tissues during storage and thus promoted the degradation of MPs in red shrimp. The beheading treatment could be an effective mean to maintain better quality and extend the commercialization of shrimp products.
PubMed: 38144848
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100906 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023This study aims to solve the problem of cadmium heavy metal ion pollution caused by the abuse of chemical fertilizers and activities such as mining, which pose a serious...
This study aims to solve the problem of cadmium heavy metal ion pollution caused by the abuse of chemical fertilizers and activities such as mining, which pose a serious threat to the plant growth environment. We successfully synthesized DMAPAA (-(3-(Dimethyl amino) propyl) acrylamide)/DMAPAAQ (, -Dimethyl amino propyl acrylamide, methyl chloride quaternary) hydrogels via free radical polymerization. Subsequently, we conducted experiments on this hydrogel for growing vegetables under cadmium stress conditions in aqueous solutions and soil. The cadmium capture capacity of DMAPAA/DMAPAAQ hydrogels under different cadmium ion concentrations and pH values was evaluated by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP). The research results show that under the condition of pH = 7.3, the cadmium capture capacity of DMAPAA/DMAPAAQ hydrogels is the greatest. We used the Langmuir model to fit the adsorption data, and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.96, indicating that the model fits well. The application of the hydrogels promoted the growth of vegetables in soil under cadmium stress conditions. The results showed that when the added amount of hydrogel was 4%, the dry weight of the vegetables was the largest. In addition, when the added amount of cadmium was 500 mg/kg and the added amount of hydrogel was 4%, the absorption of cadmium by the vegetables decreased to an undetectable level. In summary, the hydrogel successfully synthesized in this study can be effectively used to immobilize cadmium ions in soil while positively promoting the growth and yield of vegetables. This achievement has practical significance for solving the problem of heavy metal ion pollution.
PubMed: 38140442
DOI: 10.3390/plants12244115 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Lily is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, with a rich floral fragrance. To further explore the fragrance emission mechanisms of lily cultivars,...
Lily is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, with a rich floral fragrance. To further explore the fragrance emission mechanisms of lily cultivars, headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and organic solvent extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (OSE-GC-MS) were used to unveil the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and endogenous extracts of seven lily cultivars. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression levels of two key genes ( and ) related to the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids and methyl benzoate. The results show that forty-five VOCs were detected in the petals of seven lily cultivars, and the main compounds were monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids/benzenoids. Dichloromethane was the best solvent for extracting the endogenous extracts of 'Viviana' petals and eighteen endogenous extracts were detected using dichloromethane to extract the petals of seven lily cultivars. Each compound's emission ratio (natural logarithm of the ratio of VOC content to endogenous extract content) was calculated, and linear regression analyses between emission ratios and boiling points were conducted. Significant linear negative correlations existed between the emission ratios and boiling points of compounds, and the regression equations' coefficients of determination () were all greater than 0.7. was expressed highly in 'Viviana', 'Pink News', and 'Palazzo', and was expressed highly in 'Pink News' and 'Palazzo'. Correlation analyses between the gene expression levels and the monoterpenoids and methyl benzoate contents found that the expression levels have strong positive correlations with monoterpenoids content, while no correlations were found between the expression levels of and the contents of methyl benzoate. This study lays the foundation for research on the release patterns of VOCs in the flowers of , and the breeding of lilies for their floral fragrance.
Topics: Lilium; Volatile Organic Compounds; Methylene Chloride; Plant Breeding; Flowers; Solid Phase Microextraction; Solvents; Monoterpenes
PubMed: 38138428
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247938