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Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Diabetic nephropathy (DN) constitutes a major microvascular complication of diabetes and is a primary cause of mortality in diabetic individuals. With the global rise in... (Review)
Review
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) constitutes a major microvascular complication of diabetes and is a primary cause of mortality in diabetic individuals. With the global rise in diabetes, DN has become an urgent health issue. Currently, there is no definitive cure for DN. , a Chinese herbal medicine traditionally used, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects and is frequently used in the prevention and management of DN. This paper offers an extensive review of the biological mechanisms by which delivers therapeutic advantages in DN management. These mechanisms include activating podocyte autophagy, regulating non-coding RNA, modulating gut microbiota, alleviating lipotoxicity, counteracting oxidative stress, and diminishing inflammatory responses, underscoring the therapeutic potential of in DN treatment.
PubMed: 38948461
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1390672 -
World Journal of Hepatology Jun 2024The gut microbiota is of growing interest to clinicians and researchers. This is because there is a growing understanding that the gut microbiota performs many different...
The gut microbiota is of growing interest to clinicians and researchers. This is because there is a growing understanding that the gut microbiota performs many different functions, including involvement in metabolic and immune processes that are systemic in nature. The liver, with its important role in detoxifying and metabolizing products from the gut, is at the forefront of interactions with the gut microbiota. Many details of these interactions are not yet known to clinicians and researchers, but there is growing evidence that normal gut microbiota function is important for liver health. At the same time, factors affecting the gut microbiota, including nutrition or medications, may also have an effect through the gut-liver axis.
PubMed: 38948437
DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i6.878 -
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2024Despite over 30 years of microbiome and skeletal muscle research, no quantitative analysis of sarcopenia and the microbiome literature had been conducted. Our... (Review)
Review
Despite over 30 years of microbiome and skeletal muscle research, no quantitative analysis of sarcopenia and the microbiome literature had been conducted. Our bibliometric study examined research status, hotspots, and future trends. We utilized bibliometric techniques to search the Science Citation Index Extended Database on February 27, 2023, using the Bibliometrix package in R to create a map displaying scientific production and subject categories. Collaborative network maps between countries/regions were visualized using Scimago Graphica, while VOSviewer explored collaboration modes among individuals and institutions. We analyzed the top 25 emerging keywords, top co-occurring keyword networks, and co-occurring keyword clusters using CiteSpace. A total of 997 articles were retrieved for sarcopenia and microbiome, of which 633 papers were analyzed. Both the number of publications and total citation frequency had been continuously increasing. The United States had the highest total citation frequency, while China had the highest number of publications. Research on the impact of the microbiome on sarcopenia was in its nascent stage and spans multiple disciplines, including nutrition, microbiology, geriatrics, immunology, endocrinology and metabolism, molecular biology, and sports medicine. The University of Copenhagen contributed the most to the number of publications (n=16), with Tibbett M (n=7) and Hulver MW (n=7) among the top authors. The most published journal was "Nutrients" (n=24). Analysis of keywords and clusters revealed new research hotspots in microbes and sarcopenia, such as malnutrition, dietary fiber, signaling pathways, frailty, and intestinal permeability. Research on the impact of the microbiome on sarcopenia is in its infancy and spans multiple disciplines. Malnutrition, dietary fiber, signaling pathways, frailty, and intestinal microbes are currently research hotspots. Furthermore, the visual atlas analysis of research on microbes and sarcopenia helps to track the knowledge structure in research fields related to sarcopenia and microbes, providing direction for future research.
PubMed: 38948393
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S469747 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Jun 2024The environmental and economic impact of an oil spill can be significant. Biotechnologies applied during a marine oil spill involve bioaugmentation with immobilised or...
The environmental and economic impact of an oil spill can be significant. Biotechnologies applied during a marine oil spill involve bioaugmentation with immobilised or encapsulated indigenous hydrocarbonoclastic species selected under laboratory conditions to improve degradation rates. The environmental factors that act as stressors and impact the effectiveness of hydrocarbon removal are one of the challenges associated with these applications. Understanding how native microbes react to environmental stresses is necessary for effective bioaugmentation. Herein, isolated from a marine oil spill mooring system showed hydrocarbonoclastic activity on Maya crude oil in a short time by means of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at 144 h: up to 98.79 % and 97.77 % removal. The assessment of biofilms at different temperature (30 °C and 50 °C), pH (5, 6, 7, 8, 9), salinity (30, 50, 60, 70, 80 g/L), and crude oil concentration (1, 5, 15, 25, 35 %) showed different response to the stressors depending on the strain. According to response surface analysis, the main effect was temperature > salinity > hydrocarbon concentration. The hydrocarbonoclastic biofilm architecture was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Subtle but significant differences were observed: pili in by SEM and the topographical differences measured by AFM Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis, roughness was higher in than in In all three domains of life, the Universal Stress Protein (Usp) is crucial for stress adaptation. Herein, the A gene expression was analysed in biofilm under environmental stressors. The A expression increased up to 2.5-fold in biofilms at 30 °C, and 1.3-fold at 50 °C. The highest A expression was recorded in M. biofilms at 50 °C with 2.5 and 3-fold with salinities of 50, 60, and 80 g/L at hydrocarbon concentrations of 15, 25, and 35 %. biofilms showed greater resilience than biofilms when exposed to harsh environmental stressors. biofilms were thicker than biofilms. Both biofilm responses to environmental stressors through A gene expression were consistent with the behaviours observed in the response surface analyses. The gene is a suitable biomarker for assessing environmental stressors of potential microorganisms for bioremediation of marine oil spills and for biosensing the ecophysiological status of native microbiota in a marine petroleum environment.
PubMed: 38948351
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00834 -
Journal of Clinical & Translational... Jun 2024Gut microbiota influences energy homeostasis in part through circulating hormones. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a biomarker whose increase in...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Gut microbiota influences energy homeostasis in part through circulating hormones. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a biomarker whose increase in systemic circulation is associated with positive effects on body weight and metabolism. In a recent clinical trial, probiotic HA-114 supplementation showed positive effects on eating behaviors and insulin resistance in overweight participants undergoing a weight-loss intervention. In this context, this ancillary study aimed at assessing the impact of HA-114 supplementation on plasma IGFBP-2 levels in these individuals, and whether this modulation correlated with changes in fat mass, energy metabolism, and eating behaviors.
METHODS
Fasting plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations were quantified in 100 overweight or obese men and women enrolled in a 12-week diet-based weight reduction program (-500 kcal/day), in combination with probiotic or placebo supplementation. Baseline and changes in circulating IGFBP-2 concentrations were correlated with anthropometric parameter, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiorespiratory function and eating behaviors.
RESULTS
On average, the intervention reduced BMI by 4.6 % and increased IGFBP-2 by 13 %, regardless of supplementation group. Individuals who presented an increase in IGFBP-2 levels had significantly greater reductions in BMI. Changes in IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with loss in fat mass (r = 0.2, p < 0.001) in the probiotic-supplemented group, but not with other metabolic parameters or eating behaviors. Baseline IGFBP-2 levels were not associated with weight loss or improvements in cardiometabolic parameters.
CONCLUSION
Probiotic supplementation with did not modulate plasma IGFBP-2 levels. Changes in IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with greater reductions in BMI, but not with other metabolic parameters or eating behaviors, indicating that the benefits of HA-114 on eating behaviors are likely independent of IGFBP-2. Additional changes in microbiota might be required to modulate IGFBP-2 and observe its associations with eating behaviors and cardiometabolic improvements.
PubMed: 38948244
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100357 -
PeerJ 2024Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota composition, abundance and diversity can influence many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Modulating gut microbiota... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Microbiota based personalized nutrition improves hyperglycaemia and hypertension parameters and reduces inflammation: a prospective, open label, controlled, randomized, comparative, proof of concept study.
BACKGROUND
Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota composition, abundance and diversity can influence many chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Modulating gut microbiota through targeted nutrition can provide beneficial effects leading to the concept of personalized nutrition for health improvement. In this prospective clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of a microbiome-based targeted personalized diet on hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic individuals. Specifically, BugSpeaks-a microbiome profile test that profiles microbiota using next generation sequencing and provides personalized nutritional recommendation based on the individual microbiota profile was evaluated.
METHODS
A total of 30 participants with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidaemia were recruited for this study. The microbiome profile of the 15 participants (test arm) was evaluated using whole genome shotgun metagenomics and personalized nutritional recommendations based on their microbiota profile were provided. The remaining 15 participants (control arm) were provided with diabetic nutritional guidance for 3 months. Clinical and anthropometric parameters such as HbA1c, systolic/diastolic pressure, c-reactive protein levels and microbiota composition were measured and compared during the study.
RESULTS
The test arm (microbiome-based nutrition) showed a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c level from 8.30 (95% confidence interval (CI), [7.74-8.85]) to 6.67 (95% CI [6.2-7.05]), < 0.001 after 90 days. The test arm also showed a 5% decline in the systolic pressure whereas the control arm showed a 7% increase. Incidentally, a sub-cohort of the test arm of patients with >130 mm Hg systolic pressure showed a statistically significant decrease of systolic pressure by 14%. Interestingly, CRP level was also found to drop by 19.5%. Alpha diversity measures showed a significant increase in Shannon diversity measure ( < 0.05), after the microbiome-based personalized dietary intervention. The intervention led to a minimum two-fold (Log2 fold change increase in species like and which might have a beneficial role in the current context and a similar decrease in species like and which have been earlier shown to have some negative effects in the host. Overall, the study indicated a net positive impact of the microbiota based personalized dietary regime on the gut microbiome and correlated clinical parameters.
Topics: Humans; Male; Hypertension; Female; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hyperglycemia; Precision Medicine; Inflammation; Proof of Concept Study; Glycated Hemoglobin; Aged; Hyperlipidemias; Adult; C-Reactive Protein
PubMed: 38948211
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17583 -
World Journal of Stem Cells Jun 2024Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) to replace damaged gut mucosal epithelial cells in inflammatory states is a critical step in ameliorating...
Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) to replace damaged gut mucosal epithelial cells in inflammatory states is a critical step in ameliorating gut inflammation. However, when this disordered proliferation continues, it induces the ISC to enter a cancerous state. The gut microbiota on the free surface of the gut mucosal barrier is able to interact with ISC on a sustained basis. Microbiota metabolites are able to regulate the proliferation of gut stem and progenitor cells through transcription factors, while in steady state, differentiated colonocytes are able to break down such metabolites, thereby protecting stem cells at the gut crypt. In the future, the gut flora and its metabolites mediating the regulation of ISC differentiation will be a potential treatment for enteropathies.
PubMed: 38948097
DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i6.619 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024There are well established epidemiological links between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Recent data have started to shed light on the mechanisms that might... (Review)
Review
There are well established epidemiological links between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Recent data have started to shed light on the mechanisms that might underlie the relationship between these two complex diseases. Unravelling the roles of distinct pathways involved in these mechanisms has the potential to yield novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for both diseases. Perhaps most intriguingly, this represents an area where understanding the biology in the oral cavity might reveal fundamental advances in understanding immune regulation and the relationships between the host and microbiome. Here we seek to discuss aspects of the adaptive immune response that might link periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
PubMed: 38948089
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1430886 -
Theranostics 2024Currently, there are occasional reports of health problems caused by sleep deprivation (SD). However, to date, there remains a lack of in-depth research regarding the...
Currently, there are occasional reports of health problems caused by sleep deprivation (SD). However, to date, there remains a lack of in-depth research regarding the effects of SD on the growth and development of oocytes in females. The present work aimed to investigate whether SD influences ovarian folliculogenesis in adolescent female mice. Using a dedicated device, SD conditions were established in 3-week old female mice (a critical stage of follicular development) for 6 weeks and gut microbiota and systemic metabolomics were analyzed. Analyses were related to parameters of folliculogenesis and reproductive performance of SD females. We found that the gut microbiota and systemic metabolomics were severely altered in SD females and that these were associated with parameters of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). These included increased granulosa cell apoptosis, reduced numbers of primordial follicles (PmFs), correlation with decreased AMH, E2, and increased LH in blood serum, and a parallel increased number of growing follicles and changes in protein expression compatible with PmF activation. SD also reduced oocyte maturation and reproductive performance. Notably, fecal microbial transplantation from SD females into normal females induced POI parameters in the latter while niacinamide (NAM) supplementation alleviated such symptoms in SD females. Gut microbiota and alterations in systemic metabolomics caused by SD induced POI features in juvenile females that could be counteracted with NAM supplementation.
Topics: Animals; Female; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Dysbiosis; Metabolomics; Sleep Deprivation; Ovarian Follicle; Oocytes; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Disease Models, Animal; Apoptosis
PubMed: 38948060
DOI: 10.7150/thno.95197 -
World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics Jun 2024Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns, with very-low-birth-weight infants usually experiencing several complications. Breast milk is considered the...
BACKGROUND
Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns, with very-low-birth-weight infants usually experiencing several complications. Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition, especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization, because it contains beneficial microorganisms, such as and .
AIM
To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.
METHODS
An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less, born at the University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González at Monterrey, Mexico. A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding (BM) and mixed feeding (MF) groups (21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group), from October 2017 to June 2019. Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type. After full enteral feeding was achieved, the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Numerical variables were compared using Student's -test or using the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric variables. Dominance, evenness, equitability, Margalef's index, Fisher's alpha, Chao-1 index, and Shannon's diversity index were also calculated.
RESULTS
No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups. Class comparison indicated higher counts of and in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group ( < 0.011). In addition, higher counts of were detected in the final than in the initial sample ( = 0.040). According to the Margalef index, Fisher's alpha, and Chao-1 index, a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample, regardless of the feeding type, was observed ( < 0.050). The four predominant phyla were , and with being the most abundant. However, no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples at the phylum level.
CONCLUSION
Breastfeeding is associated with a decrease in and and an increase of , contributing to the literature of the gut microbiota structure of very low-birth-weight, preterm.
PubMed: 38947995
DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.90499