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Journal of Pain Research 2024Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), defined as persistent discomfort in musculoskeletal tissues persisting for over 3 months, afflicts an estimated 1.71 billion people... (Review)
Review
Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), defined as persistent discomfort in musculoskeletal tissues persisting for over 3 months, afflicts an estimated 1.71 billion people globally, leading to significant functional impairments and psychological distress, thereby detrimentally affecting individuals' quality of life. The objective of this narrative review is to elucidate the complex relationship among dietary habits, sarcopenia, and gut microbiota composition, with an eye toward enhancing patient management and outcomes. Given the burgeoning interest in the influence of diet on CMP, a detailed examination of the current literature is warranted. Nutritional intake is a critical determinant of the gut microbiota profile, which, in turn, is linked to musculature integrity and performance, potentially leading to sarcopenia. The development of sarcopenia can aggravate CMP owing to diminished muscular strength and functionality. Additionally, disruptions in the gut microbiota may directly modulate nociception, intensifying CMP manifestations. Thus, nutritional optimization emerges as a viable approach to CMP management. Emphasizing a diet conducive to a healthy gut microbiome could forestall or mitigate sarcopenia, thereby attenuating CMP intensity. Nevertheless, the domain calls for further empirical exploration to unravel the nuances of these interactions and to forge efficacious dietary strategies for individuals with CMP. Beyond mere analgesia, comprehensive patient care for CMP requires acknowledgment of the complex and multifactorial nature of pain and its foundational elements. Embracing an integrative treatment model allows healthcare practitioners to promise better patient prognoses, enriched life quality, and a decrease in the sustained healthcare costs associated with CMP.
PubMed: 38947129
DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S456202 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The Cecum is a key site for cellulose digestion in nutrient metabolism of intestine, but its mechanisms of microbial and gene interactions has not been fully elucidated...
The Cecum is a key site for cellulose digestion in nutrient metabolism of intestine, but its mechanisms of microbial and gene interactions has not been fully elucidated during pathogenesis of obesity. Therefore, the cecum tissues of the New Zealand rabbits and their contents between the high-fat diet-induced group (Ob) and control group (Co) were collected and analyzed using multi-omics. The metagenomic analysis indicated that the relative abundances of and species were significantly lower, while those of , , , , , , , and species were significantly higher in the Ob as compared to those in Co. Transcriptomic sequencing results showed that the differentially upregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways, including calcium signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway, while the differentially downregulated genes were mainly enriched in pathways of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. The comparative analysis of metabolites showed that the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and cysteine and methionine metabolism were the important metabolic pathways between the two groups. The combined analysis showed that , , and genes were highly correlated with , and species. Thus, the preliminary study elucidated the microbial and gene interactions in cecum of obese rabbit and provided a basis for further studies in intestinal intervention for human obesity.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Diet, High-Fat; Cecum; Obesity; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Host Microbial Interactions; Metagenomics; Bacteria; Gene Regulatory Networks; Male; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38947127
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1407051 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Silkworm () larvae are expected to be useful as an ingredient in entomophagy. They are full of nutrients, including indigestible proteins; however, there have been few...
Silkworm () larvae are expected to be useful as an ingredient in entomophagy. They are full of nutrients, including indigestible proteins; however, there have been few studies on the effects of the consumption of the entire body of silkworms on the intestinal microflora. We prepared a customized diet containing silkworm larval powder (SLP), and investigated the effects of feeding of the SLP diet on the intestinal microbiota and the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice. We found that the diversity of the cecal and fecal microbiota increased in the mice fed the SLP diet (SLP group), and that the composition of their intestinal microbiota differed from that of the control mice. Furthermore, a genus-level microbiota analysis showed that in the SLP group, the proportions of , A2, and RF39, which are associated with the prevention of obesity, were significantly increased, while the proportions of and , which are associated with obesity, were significantly decreased. Additionally, the level of butyrate was increased in the SLP group, and UCG 014 and FCS020 were found to be associated with the level of butyrate, one of the major SCFAs. These findings indicated that silkworm powder may be useful as an insect food that might also improve obesity.
Topics: Animals; Bombyx; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Larva; Mice; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Bacteria; Powders; Diet; Cecum; Male; Obesity; Animal Feed
PubMed: 38947126
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1383774 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024In infants with cholestasis, variations in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and the gut microbiota (GM) characteristics differ between those with biliary...
INTRODUCTION
In infants with cholestasis, variations in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and the gut microbiota (GM) characteristics differ between those with biliary atresia (BA) and non-BA, prompting a differential analysis of their respective GM profiles.
METHODS
Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing to analyse the variance in GM composition among three groups: infants with BA (BA group, n=26), non-BA cholestasis (IC group, n=37), and healthy infants (control group, n=50). Additionally, correlation analysis was conducted between GM and liver function-related indicators.
RESULTS
Principal component analysis using Bray-Curtis distance measurement revealed a significant distinction between microbial samples in the IC group compared to the two other groups. IC-accumulated co-abundance groups exhibited positive correlations with aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bile acid serum levels. These correlations were notably reinforced upon the exclusion of microbial samples from children with BA.
CONCLUSION
The varying "enterohepatic circulation" status of bile acids in children with BA and non-BA cholestasis contributes to distinct GM structures and functions. This divergence underscores the potential for targeted GM interventions tailored to the specific aetiologies of cholestasis.
Topics: Humans; Biliary Atresia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cholestasis; Infant; Bile Acids and Salts; Male; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bilirubin; Bacteria; DNA, Ribosomal; Feces
PubMed: 38947125
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1402329 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), defined anthropometrically as a weight-for-length z-score more than 3 standard deviations below the mean (WLZ<-3), affects 19 million...
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), defined anthropometrically as a weight-for-length z-score more than 3 standard deviations below the mean (WLZ<-3), affects 19 million children under 5-years-old worldwide. Complete anthropometric recovery after standard inventions is rare with children often left with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM; WLZ -2 to -3). Here we conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT), involving 12-18-month-old Bangladeshi children from urban and rural sites, who after hospital-based treatment for SAM received a 3-month intervention with a microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) or a ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) as they transitioned to MAM. The rate of WLZ improvement was significantly greater with MDCF-2 than the more calorically-dense RUSF, as we observed in a previous RCT of Bangladeshi children with MAM without antecedent SAM. A correlated meta-analysis of aptamer-based measurements of 4,520 plasma proteins in this and the prior RCT revealed 215 proteins positively-associated with WLZ (prominently those involved in musculoskeletal and CNS development) and 44 negatively-associated proteins (related to immune activation), with a significant enrichment in levels of the positively WLZ-associated proteins in the MDCF-2 arm. Characterizing changes in 754 bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes in serially collected fecal samples disclosed the effects of acute rehabilitation for SAM on the microbiome, its transition as each child achieves a state of MAM, and how specific strains of Prevotella copri function at the intersection between MDCF-2 glycan metabolism and the rescue of growth faltering. These results provide a rationale for further testing the generalizability of the efficacy of MDCF and identify biomarkers for defining treatment responses.
PubMed: 38946965
DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.24307076 -
Research Square Jun 2024Background The gut microbiome is linked to brain pathology in cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the specific bacteria that are implicated are not well...
Background The gut microbiome is linked to brain pathology in cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the specific bacteria that are implicated are not well characterized. To address this gap, in this study, we induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in male C57BL/6J mice using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model. After 35 days, we administered a broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) cocktail (ampicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole, vancomycin) through oral gavage for 2 days to diminish existing microbiota. Subsequently, we inflicted a second TBI on the mice and analyzed the neuropathological outcomes five days later. Results Longitudinal analysis of the microbiome showed significant shifts in the diversity and abundance of bacterial genera during both acute and chronic inflammation. These changes were particularly dramatic following treatment with ABX and after the second TBI. ABX treatment did not affect the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) but did alter intestinal morphology, characterized by reduced villus width and a lower count of goblet cells, suggesting potential negative impacts on intestinal integrity. Nevertheless, diminishing the intestinal microbiome reduced cortical damage, apoptotic cell density, and microglial/macrophage activation in the cortical and thalamic regions of the brain. Conclusions Our findings suggest that eliminating colonized gut bacteria via broad-spectrum ABX reduces neuroinflammation and enhances neurological outcomes in TBI despite implications to gut health.
PubMed: 38946944
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4475195/v1 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The microbial population in the pig's gastrointestinal tract can be influenced by incorporating fibrous by-products into the diets. This study investigated the impact of...
Impact of including two types of destoned olive cakes in pigs' diets on fecal bacterial composition and study of the relationship between fecal microbiota, feed efficiency, gut fermentation, and gaseous emissions.
The microbial population in the pig's gastrointestinal tract can be influenced by incorporating fibrous by-products into the diets. This study investigated the impact of including two types of dried olive cake (OC) in pigs' diets on fecal bacterial composition. The correlation between fecal microbiota and growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut fermentation pattern and slurry gas emissions was also evaluated. Thirty male Pietrain x (Landrace x Large white) pigs (47.9 ± 4.21 kg) were assigned to three groups: a control group (C), a group fed a diet with 20% partially defatted OC (20PDOC), and a group fed a diet with 20% cyclone OC (20COC) for 21 days. Fecal samples collected before and after providing the experimental diets were analyzed for the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Pigs were weighed, and feed intake was recorded throughout the study. Potential ammonia and methane emissions from slurry were measured. No significant differences in alpha diversity indexes were found. The taxonomic analysis revealed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota phyla were dominant at the phylum level across all groups. Differential abundance analysis using ALDEx showed significant differences among groups for various bacteria at the phylum, genus, and species levels at the end of the experiment. Pigs from 20PDOC and 20COC groups exhibited increased abundances of health-promoting bacteria, such as Plactomycetota at the phylum level and Allisonella and an unidentified genus from the Eggerthellaceae family at the genus level. These changes influenced short-chain fatty acids' (SCFA) concentration in slurries, leading to greater acetic, butyric, caproic and heptanoic acids in OC-fed groups, especially 20COC pigs. A volatility analysis revealed significant positive correlations ( < 0.05) between Uncultured_Bacteroidales and Unculured_Selenomonadaceae and energy digestibility. Monoglobus and Desulfovibrio showed a positive significant ( < 0.05) correlation with total SCFA, indicating a high impact on gut fermentation. However, growth performance parameters and potential gas emission displayed no significant correlations with a specific bacterial genus. In conclusion, our results suggest that OC inclusion into pig diets could positively modulate and contribute to the gut microbiota's favorable composition and functionality. Also, nutrient digestibility and gut fermentation patterns can be associated with specific microbial populations.
PubMed: 38946909
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359670 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024As a symbiotic probiotic for the host, (CB) has the potential to strengthen the body's immune system and improve intestinal health. However, the probiotic mechanism of...
INTRODUCTION
As a symbiotic probiotic for the host, (CB) has the potential to strengthen the body's immune system and improve intestinal health. However, the probiotic mechanism of CB is not completely understood. The CBX 2021 strain isolated by our team from a health pig independently exhibits strong butyric acid production ability and stress resistance. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the efficacy of CBX 2021 in pigs and its mechanism of improving pig health.
METHODS
In this study, we systematically revealed the probiotic effect and potential mechanism of the strain by using various methods such as microbiome, metabolites and transcriptome through animal experiments and cell experiments .
RESULTS
Our study showed that CBX 2021 improved growth indicators such as daily weight gain in weaned piglets and also reduced diarrhea rates. Meanwhile, CBX 2021 significantly increased immunoglobulin levels in piglets, reduced contents of inflammatory factors and improved the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that CBX 2021 treatment implanted more butyric acid-producing bacteria (such as ) in piglets and reduced the number of potentially pathogenic bacteria (like ). With significant changes in the microbial community, CBX 2021 improved tryptophan metabolism and several alkaloids synthesis in piglets. Further experiments showed that CBX 2021 adhesion directly promoted the proliferation of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that bacterial adhesion increased the expression of intracellular G protein-coupled receptors, inhibited the Notch signaling pathway, and led to a decrease in intracellular pro-inflammatory molecules.
DISCUSSION
These results suggest that CBX 2021 may accelerate piglet growth by optimizing the intestinal microbiota, improving metabolic function and enhancing intestinal health.
PubMed: 38946904
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394332 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Bacterial endophytes dwelling in medicinal plants represent an as yet underexplored source of bioactive natural products with the potential to be developed into drugs...
Bacterial endophytes dwelling in medicinal plants represent an as yet underexplored source of bioactive natural products with the potential to be developed into drugs against various human diseases. For the first time, several spp. were isolated from the rare and endangered traditional medicinal plant ssp. , also known as Edelweiss. In the search for novel natural products, nine endophytic spp. from Edelweiss were investigated via genome sequencing and analysis, followed by fermentation in different media and investigation of secondary metabolomes. A total of 214 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), of which 35 are presumably unique, were identified by the bioinformatics tool antiSMASH in the genomes of these isolates. LC-MS analyses of the secondary metabolomes of these isolates revealed their potential to produce both known and presumably novel secondary metabolites, whereby most of the identified molecules could be linked to their cognate BGCs. This work sets the stage for further investigation of endophytic streptomycetes from Edelweiss aimed at the discovery and characterization of novel bioactive natural products.
PubMed: 38946903
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1408479 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as an infectious disease continues to contribute significantly to global mortality. According to recent studies, the gut...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as an infectious disease continues to contribute significantly to global mortality. According to recent studies, the gut microbiota of PTB patients and healthy controls (HCs) show significant disparities. However, the causal relationship between them has yet to be elucidated.
METHODS
We conducted a study using Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore the potential causal link between gut microbiota and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). The summary statistics of the gut microbiota were acquired from the MiBioGen consortium, while data on PTB were sourced from pheweb.jp. A range of statistical methodologies were employed to evaluate causality, encompassing inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), weighted model, and simple model. We utilized instrumental variables (IVs) that have a direct causal relationship with PTB to annotate SNPs, aiming to discover the genes harboring these genetic variants and uncover potential associations between host genes and the microbiome in patients with PTB.
RESULTS
Among the 196 bacterial traits in the gut microbiome, we have identified a total of three microbiomes that exhibit a significant association with PTB. The occurrence of Dorea ( = 0.0458, FDR-adjusted = 0.0458) and Parasutterella ( = 0.0056, FDR-adjusted = 0.0168) was linked to an elevated risk of PTB, while the presence of Lachnoclostridium ( = 0.0347, FDR-adjusted = 0.0520) demonstrated a protective effect against PTB. Our reverse Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) analysis did not yield any evidence supporting the hypothesis of reverse causality from PTB to alterations in the intestinal flora.
CONCLUSION
We have established a connection between the gut microbiota and PTB through gene prediction analysis, supporting the use of gut microecological therapy in managing PTB and paving the way for further understanding of how gut microbiota contributes to PTB's development.
PubMed: 38946900
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1400214