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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024is an essential species for freshwater economic aquaculture in China, but in the larval process, their salinity requirement is high, which leads to salinity stress in...
is an essential species for freshwater economic aquaculture in China, but in the larval process, their salinity requirement is high, which leads to salinity stress in the water. In order to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the response of to acute low-salinity exposure, we conducted a comprehensive study of the response of exposed to different salinities' (0‱, 6‱, and 12‱) data for 120 h. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were found to be significantly inhibited in the hepatopancreas and muscle following low-salinity exposure, resulting in oxidative damage and immune deficits in . Differential gene enrichment in transcriptomics indicated that low-salinity stress induced metabolic differences and immune and inflammatory dysfunction in . The differential expressions of , , and genes indicated the inhibition of growth, development, and molting ability of . At the proteomic level, low salinity induced metabolic differences and affected biological and cellular regulation, as well as the immune response. Tyramine, trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol, sorbitol, acetylcholine chloride, and chloroquine were screened by metabolomics as differential metabolic markers. In addition, combined multi-omics analysis revealed that metabolite chloroquine was highly correlated with low-salt stress.
Topics: Animals; Palaemonidae; Larva; Salt Stress; Transcriptome; Proteomics; Salinity; Gene Expression Profiling; Metabolomics; Oxidative Stress; Multiomics
PubMed: 38928514
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126809 -
Insects May 2024Huanglongbing (HLB) is a systemic plant disease caused by ' Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)' and transmitted by . acquires the Las bacteria in the nymph stage and...
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a systemic plant disease caused by ' Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)' and transmitted by . acquires the Las bacteria in the nymph stage and transmits it in the adult stage, indicating that molting from the nymph to adult stages is crucial for HLB transmission. However, the available reference genomes are incomplete, and gene function studies have been limited to date. In the current research, PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing were performed to investigate the transcriptome of nymphs and adults. In total, 10,641 full-length, non-redundant transcripts (FLNRTs), 594 alternative splicing (AS) events, 4522 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 1086 long-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 281 transcription factors (TFs), and 4459 APA sites were identified. Furthermore, 3746 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between nymphs and adults were identified, among which 30 DEGs involved in the Hippo signaling pathway were found. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) further validated the expression levels of 12 DEGs and showed a positive correlation with transcriptome data. Finally, the spatiotemporal expression pattern of genes involved in the Hippo signaling pathway exhibited high expression in the testis, ovary, and egg. Silencing of the transcriptional co-activator () gene significantly increased mortality and decreased the cumulative molting. Our results provide useful information and a reliable data resource for gene function research of .
PubMed: 38921106
DOI: 10.3390/insects15060391 -
Dentistry Journal Jun 2024The aim of this study is to validate a minimally invasive surgical procedure to harvest palate periosteum as a source of tissue for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. We...
The aim of this study is to validate a minimally invasive surgical procedure to harvest palate periosteum as a source of tissue for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. We performed a standardized procedure to harvest the palate periosteum in ten subjects, which consisted of a 3 mm disposable punch and a Molt periosteal elevator to harvest a small full-thickness fragment of soft tissue at the hard palate area, between the upper bicuspids, 3 to 4 mm apical to the cement enamel junction. The one-third inner portion was fragmented, and following standard cell culture procedures, the adherent cells were cultured for three passages, after obtaining 70-90% confluence. Cell morphology analysis, flow cytometry analysis, and viability and osteogenic differentiation assays were performed. In all 10 cases, uneventful healing was observed, with no need for analgesic intake. The evaluation of cell morphology showed elongated spindle-shaped cells distributed in woven patterns. A high viability range was verified as well as an immunophenotype compatible with mesenchymal stem cell lineage. The differentiation assay showed the potential of the cells to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. These results demonstrate that the minimally invasive proposed surgical technique is capable of supplying enough periosteum source tissue for stem cell culture and bone tissue engineering.
PubMed: 38920873
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060172 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) plays an important role in sterol metabolism and transport processes and has been studied in many vertebrates and some...
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) plays an important role in sterol metabolism and transport processes and has been studied in many vertebrates and some insects, but rarely in crustaceans. In this study, we characterized NPC1 from () and evaluated its functions. Its total cDNA length was 4283 bp, encoding for 1344 amino acids. It contained three conserved domains typical of the NPC family (NPC1_N, SSD, and PTC). In contrast to its role in insects, was mainly expressed in the adult female hepatopancreas, with moderate expression in the ovary and heart. No expression was found in the embryo (stages CS-ZS) and only weak expression in the larval stages from hatching to the post-larval stage (L1-PL15). expression was positively correlated with ovarian maturation. In situ hybridization showed that it was mainly located in the cytoplasmic membrane and nucleus of oocytes. A 25-day RNA interference experiment was employed to illustrate the Mn-NPC1 function in ovary maturation. Experimental knockdown of using dsRNA resulted in a marked reduction in the gonadosomatic index and ecdysone content of females. The experimental group showed a significant delay in ovarian maturation and a reduction in the frequency of molting. These results expand our understanding of NPC1 in crustaceans and of the regulatory mechanism of ovarian maturation in .
Topics: Animals; Female; Palaemonidae; Ovary; Molting; Phylogeny; Amino Acid Sequence; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Arthropod Proteins; RNA Interference
PubMed: 38892237
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116049 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases can cleave carotenoids into a range of biologically important products. Carotenoid isomerooxygenase (NinaB) and β, β-carotene 15,...
Carotenoid cleavage oxygenases can cleave carotenoids into a range of biologically important products. Carotenoid isomerooxygenase (NinaB) and β, β-carotene 15, 15'-monooxygenase (BCO1) are two important oxygenases. In order to understand the roles that both oxygenases exert in crustaceans, we first investigated () and () within the genome of Chinese mitten crab (). Their functions were then deciphered through an analysis of their expression patterns, an in vitro β-carotene degradation assay, and RNA interference. The results showed that both and contain an RPE65 domain and exhibit high levels of expression in the hepatopancreas. During the molting stage, exhibited significant upregulation in stage C, whereas showed significantly higher expression levels at stage AB. Moreover, dietary supplementation with β-carotene resulted in a notable increase in the expression of and in the hepatopancreas. Further functional assays showed that the expressed in underwent significant changes in its color, from orange to light; in addition, its β-carotene cleavage was higher than that of . After the knockdown of or in juvenile , the expression levels of both genes were significantly decreased in the hepatopancreas, accompanied by a notable increase in the redness () values. Furthermore, a significant increase in the β-carotene content was observed in the hepatopancreas when mRNA was suppressed, which suggests that plays an important role in carotenoid cleavage, specifically β-carotene. In conclusion, our findings suggest that and may exhibit functional co-expression and play a crucial role in carotenoid cleavage in crabs.
Topics: Animals; beta Carotene; Brachyura; beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase; Hepatopancreas; Molting; Oxygenases; Phylogeny; Arthropod Proteins
PubMed: 38891781
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115592 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024Fasting-induced molting (FIM) is a common method used to improve the laying performance of aged laying hens. Nevertheless, this approach may impose various stresses on...
Fasting-induced molting (FIM) is a common method used to improve the laying performance of aged laying hens. Nevertheless, this approach may impose various stresses on chickens, such as disruptions in intestinal flora and inflammation issues within the intestines. However, the impact of an imbalance in intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process remains elusive. Therefore, intestinal injury, the microbiome, and the metabolome were analyzed individually and integrated to elucidate the impact of the intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process. The findings indicated that fasting resulted in a notable reduction in villus height and villus/crypt ratio, coupled with elevated levels of intestinal inflammation and permeability. During the fasting period, microbiota compositions changed. The abundance of increased, while the abundance of and decreased. was positively correlated with Citrinin and Sterobilin, which lead to intestinal inflammation. and exhibited positive correlations with Lanthionine and reduced Glutathione, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation. This study screened the intestinal probiotics, and , that influence gut health during the fasting period, providing an experimental basis for improving gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation during the FIM process.
PubMed: 38891687
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111640 -
BMC Genomics Jun 2024A growing number of studies have demonstrated that the polar regions have the potential to be a significant repository of microbial resources and a potential source of...
BACKGROUND
A growing number of studies have demonstrated that the polar regions have the potential to be a significant repository of microbial resources and a potential source of active ingredients. Genome mining strategy plays a key role in the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) from microorganisms. This work highlighted deciphering the biosynthetic potential of an Arctic marine-derived strain Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2 by a combination of whole genome analysis and antiSMASH as well as feature-based molecular networking (MN) in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS).
RESULTS
In this study, a high-quality whole genome sequence of an Arctic marine strain MNP-2, with a size of 34.9 Mb was successfully obtained. Its total number of genes predicted by BRAKER software was 13,218, and that of non-coding RNAs (rRNA, sRNA, snRNA, and tRNA) predicted by using INFERNAL software was 204. AntiSMASH results indicated that strain MNP-2 harbors 56 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including 18 NRPS/NRPS-like gene clusters, 10 PKS/PKS-like gene clusters, 8 terpene synthse gene clusters, 5 indole synthase gene clusters, 10 hybrid gene clusters, and 5 fungal-RiPP gene clusters. Metabolic analyses of strain MNP-2 grown on various media using GNPS networking revealed its great potential for the biosynthesis of bioactive SMs containing a variety of heterocyclic and bridge-ring structures. For example, compound G-8 exhibited a potent anti-HIV effect with an IC value of 7.2 nM and an EC value of 0.9 nM. Compound G-6 had excellent in vitro cytotoxicities against the K562, MCF-7, Hela, DU145, U1975, SGC-7901, A549, MOLT-4, and HL60 cell lines, with IC values ranging from 0.10 to 3.3 µM, and showed significant anti-viral (H1N1 and H3N2) activities with IC values of 15.9 and 30.0 µM, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings definitely improve our knowledge about the molecular biology of genus A. sydowii and would effectively unveil the biosynthetic potential of strain MNP-2 using genomics and metabolomics techniques.
Topics: Aspergillus; Arctic Regions; Humans; Multigene Family; Biological Products; Aquatic Organisms; Cell Line, Tumor; Biosynthetic Pathways; Secondary Metabolism; Genome, Fungal
PubMed: 38886660
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10501-0 -
Oncology Letters Jul 2024The present study aimed to investigate the anti-leukemic effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines, Jurkat and...
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-leukemic effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines, Jurkat and Molt-4, and the underlying mechanisms. Cell Counting Kit-8 was performed to measure cell viability. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of ATF4 and CHOP mRNA were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, while the protein abundance of SLC7A11, GPX4, ATF4 and CHOP was determined by western blotting. Moreover, malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were used to detect the levels of ferroptosis. The results showed that DHA suppressed T-ALL cell viability , and induced cell cycle arrest at S or G/M phase. DHA also induced ROS burst, activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, disrupted the system Xc-GSH-GSH peroxidase 4 antioxidant system, and increased lipid peroxide accumulation, resulting in cell death. By contrast, the pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis alleviated DHA-induced cell death, confirming that DHA induces T-ALL cell death via ferroptosis. Mechanistically, the effect of DHA on ferroptosis was partly mediated by downregulating SLC7A11 and upregulating the ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway, which is associated with ER stress. These results indicated that DHA may induce ferroptosis in T-ALL cell lines and could represent a promising therapeutic agent for treating T-ALL.
PubMed: 38846431
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14470 -
BMC Genomics Jun 2024Compound eyes formation in decapod crustaceans occurs after the nauplius stage. However, the key genes and regulatory mechanisms of compound eye development during... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Compound eyes formation in decapod crustaceans occurs after the nauplius stage. However, the key genes and regulatory mechanisms of compound eye development during crustacean embryonic development have not yet been clarified. In this study, RNA-seq was used to investigate the gene expression profiles of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis from nauplius to zoea stage. Based on RNA-seq data analysis, the phototransduction and insect hormone biosynthesis pathways were enriched, and molting-related neuropeptides were highly expressed. There was strong cell proliferation in the embryo prior to compound eye development. The formation of the visual system and the hormonal regulation of hatching were the dominant biological events during compound eye development. The functional analysis of DEGs across all four developmental stages showed that cuticle formation, muscle growth and the establishment of immune system occurred from nauplius to zoea stage. Key genes related to eye development were discovered, including those involved in the determination and differentiation of the eye field, eye-color formation, and visual signal transduction. In conclusion, the results increase the understanding of the molecular mechanism of eye formation in crustacean embryonic stage.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Profiling; Compound Eye, Arthropod; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Decapoda; Eye
PubMed: 38844864
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10453-5 -
Veterinary World Apr 2024is an obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsial parasite that infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. There is no evidence that inoculation can be used to...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
is an obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsial parasite that infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. There is no evidence that inoculation can be used to culture in rabbits. This study aimed to determine the molting of s larvae, nymphs, and adults on rabbits as well as nymphs and adults of on calves with or without . Transstadial, horizontal, and transovarial transmissions of in reared on rabbits and calves were evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Engorged female ticks were collected from field samples of -infected and non-infected cattle. We divided the eight rabbits into two groups: A and B. Group A rabbits were infected with through parenteral inoculation, whereas Group B rabbits were kept as a control. The "clean rabbits" in Group B were observed for tick rearing without . Polymerase chain reaction was used to screen in rabbits and stages of tick. The complete life cycle of with or without was observed on rabbits.
RESULTS
A 6.5-day longer life cycle was observed in ticks harboring than in ticks without . To observe transstadial transmission, transstadial, horizontal, and transovarial transmissions of in ticks were experimentally observed in one clean calf fed separately with infected nymphs and female adult ticks.
CONCLUSION
We experimentally observed transovarian, transstadial, and transovarial transmission of in ticks as a biological vector reared on calves and rabbits. We used rabbits as a model animal for rearing ticks and culture of .
PubMed: 38798298
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.903-910