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American Journal of Cancer Research 2023Despite many progresses in the development of new systemic therapies for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the five-year survival rate of OSCC is low. The traditional...
Despite many progresses in the development of new systemic therapies for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the five-year survival rate of OSCC is low. The traditional chemotherapies approach (cisplatin - CDDP) shows some limitations like drug toxicity, limited efficacy, and drug resistance. Promising studies suggested OSCC cancer stem cells (CSC) presented resistance to CDDP. We have previously studied many targets, and we extensively showed the efficacy of the NFκB signaling and the role of histones acetylation, on different malignant tumors, including adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, but until then the effects of the NFkB inhibitor and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor on the biology of OSCC were not evaluated. Here we assessed the pharmacological inhibitor of NFκB emetine and HDAC inhibitor SAHA on the behavior of CSC derived from OSCC. Our data suggested that CDDP administration resulted in reduced viability of bulk OSCC cells and increased CSC. A single and isolated shot of emetine and SAHA were able to disrupt CSC by inhibiting the NFκB pathway and increasing the histone acetylation levels, respectively. Further, the combined administration of emetine and SAHA presented the same CSC disruption as seen in emetine alone.
PubMed: 38187064
DOI: No ID Found -
Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Sep 2023The active vitamin D metabolites have anticancer effects on many human neoplasms. The vitamin D receptors have been detected in salivary glands tissue. This study aimed...
INTRODUCTION
The active vitamin D metabolites have anticancer effects on many human neoplasms. The vitamin D receptors have been detected in salivary glands tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the serum level of vitamin D in patients with malignant and benign salivary gland tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, 151 participants, including 42 patients with benign, 42 malignant salivary gland tumors, and 67 healthy subjects, participated. The serum level of vitamin D was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The mean serum level of vitamin D was 42.7 ng/mL in patients with benign tumors, 40 ng/mL in malignant tumors, and 36.7 ng/mL in the control group. There was no significant difference between the mean vitamin D level and vitamin D status in patients with salivary gland tumors and normal controls (P=0.2). There was a significant positive correlation between vitamin D level and age in the control group (P=0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed a high prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in salivary gland tumors and normal subjects, with no significant difference. Therefore, the serum level of vitamin D might not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these tumors, similar to many human cancers. However, further prospective studies are recommended focusing on specific tumors and considering other interventional factors.
PubMed: 38090612
DOI: 10.22038/IJORL.2023.69088.3346 -
Cancers Nov 2023Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are rare and large molecular studies are therefore difficult to perform. However, institutional case series and rare multi-institutional... (Review)
Review
Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are rare and large molecular studies are therefore difficult to perform. However, institutional case series and rare multi-institutional studies have identified a number of interesting molecular aberrations in TET, including gene fusions in a subset of these tumors. These gene fusions can aid in the diagnosis, shed light on the pathogenesis of a subset of tumors, and potentially may provide patients with the opportunity to undergo targeted therapy or participation in clinical trials. Gene fusions that have been identified in TET include rearrangements in 50% to 56% of mucoepidermoid carcinomas (), 77% to 100% of metaplastic thymomas (), and 6% of B2 and B3 thymomas (); rearrangements in NUT carcinomas (most commonly ); rearrangement in hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (); and rearrangement in a thymoma (). This review focuses on TET in which these fusion genes have been identified, their morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical characteristics and potential clinical implications of the fusion genes. Larger, multi-institutional, global studies are needed to further elucidate the molecular characteristics of these rare but sometimes very aggressive tumors in order to optimize patient management, provide patients with the opportunity to undergo targeted therapy and participate in clinical trials, and to elucidate the pathogenesis of these tumors.
PubMed: 38067300
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235596 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Dec 2023Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast is a rare special type of salivary gland-like tumor of the breast, usually displaying triple-negative phenotype. To date, only 64... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast is a rare special type of salivary gland-like tumor of the breast, usually displaying triple-negative phenotype. To date, only 64 cases have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report the first case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene amplification.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 58-year-old Caucasian woman treated with breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for an invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, relapsed 20 years later in the ipsilateral left breast. Histological examination of the core needle biopsy of the relapse deferred to the surgical specimen for the definitive diagnosis, because of the broad differential diagnosis. On the resected specimen we observed the presence of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast typical features consisting of epidermoid, intermediate and mucinous cells lacking true keratinization, in keeping with the latest World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast was weakly estrogen receptor and androgen receptor positive and progesterone receptor negative, but exceptionally showed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene amplification. Mastermind-like transcriptional coactivator 2 gene translocations were not detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapy but no endocrine therapy. After 61 months of follow-up, no signs of local or distant recurrence were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast is a very rare entity. Despite being most frequently triple negative, the standard evaluation of receptor status is mandatory, as well as strict application of World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for correct patient management.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Breast Neoplasms; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 38062474
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04233-0 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Dec 2023Salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) patients with distant metastasis (DM) are rare, and understanding this disease is insufficient. Nomograms can predict the prognostic...
Salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) patients with distant metastasis (DM) are rare, and understanding this disease is insufficient. Nomograms can predict the prognostic probability of patients, while few studies have examined diagnostic and prognostic factors in SGC patients with DM. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate the risk and prognostic nomograms of SGC patients with DM. Based on the SEER database, we analyzed the data of SGC patients between 2004 and 2015. Logistic regression analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify risk and prognostic factors for DM in SGC patients. Based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) value and likelihood ratio test, the best-fitting model was selected to build risk and prognostic nomograms, and the results were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves. ROC curves were also used to compare the nomograms with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. 7418 SGC patients were included in the study, and 307 (4.14%) of them were diagnosed with DM. This study identified that there are variables (age ≥ 80, no-parotid gland primary site, histologic type of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, T stage ≥ T2, N staged ≥ N1, histologic grade ≥ III, and tumor size ≥ 41 mm) associated with the occurrence of DM in SGC patients. Therefore, we constructed diagnostic and prognostic nomograms after incorporating these variables. ROC curves illustrated the better predictive efficacy of 2 nomograms over the AJCC staging system. DCA curves, calibration curves, and K-M survival curves showed that 2 nomograms can accurately predict the occurrence and prognosis of DM among SGC patients in training and validation sets. It was shown that the nomograms were highly discriminative in predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of SGC patients with DM, and could identify high-risk patients, thereby providing SGC patients with individualized treatment plans.
PubMed: 38044557
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231212060 -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... Sep 2023<br><b>Introduction:</b> Malignant minor salivary gland tumors are rare, accounting for fewer than 1% of all laryngeal cancers.</br>...
<br><b>Introduction:</b> Malignant minor salivary gland tumors are rare, accounting for fewer than 1% of all laryngeal cancers.</br> <br><b>Aim:</b> This study aims to share our experiences regarding clinical, radiological, pathological profiles and their management.</br> <br><b>Materials and methods:</b> The current study reviews 11 cases of malignant minor salivary gland tumors of the larynx treated surgically at our Institute between 2005 and 2019.</br> <br><b>Results:</b> The mean age of the patients was 54 years (range 38-75 years) with six females and five males in the series (1.2:1). Subglottis and trachea were the sites of origin in 54% of the cases, and hoarseness with dyspnea were the most common presenting symptoms. There were nine Adenoid cystic and two Mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients. Surgery was the primary mode of treatment.</br> <br><b>Conclusions:</b> Most of the larynx's malignant minor salivary gland tumors are submucosal in origin. The outcome and prognosis vary considerably based on the tumor's histology, grade, and stage.</br>.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Adenoids; Hoarseness; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 38032326
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.4040 -
Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2023Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a rare and diverse group of tumors that account for 3 to 10% of all head and neck malignancies. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive...
AIMS
Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a rare and diverse group of tumors that account for 3 to 10% of all head and neck malignancies. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of SGTs in the south of Iran and compare the findings with previous reports from Iran and other parts of the world.
METHODS
Using a retrospective study, 405 patients diagnosed with SGTs were observed over an eight-year period between April 2013 and October 2021 in Shiraz, Iran. Patients' demographic and clinicopathological features were obtained from patients' records. Quantitative and descriptive data analysis was performed using SPSS software.
RESULTS
There were 302 benign (74.5%) and 103 (25.4%) malignant SGTs. Pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumors were the most common benign SGTs (70.5% and 21.5%, respectively). The most common malignant SGTs were mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (26.2% and 22.3%, respectively). There was a statistically significant association between tumor origin and its malignancy status ( < 0.001). In addition, the results indicated that benign tumors were most commonly detected in the parotid gland ( < 0.05). The benign tumors were more frequently observed among the younger population ( = 0.006).
CONCLUSION
In summary, the findings of the current study were mainly consistent with the previous reports from Iran and the rest of the world. Benign tumors were the most prevalent type of SGTs, and the parotid gland was the most common site. While the majority of cases that developed from the major salivary glands were benign, all the minor SGTs were malignant. Older patients were more likely to develop malignant tumors compared to younger ones. This study provides insights into the prevalence, age-related incidence, gender distribution, and geographic variation of salivary gland tumors. This can be instrumental to develop a guideline for screening, diagnosis, and determining an optimal treatment.
PubMed: 38026266
DOI: 10.1155/2023/8844535 -
Iranian Journal of Pathology 2023The Milan system of classification of the salivary gland lesions came up with an aim to establish a universal reporting protocol. The aim of this study was to classify...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
The Milan system of classification of the salivary gland lesions came up with an aim to establish a universal reporting protocol. The aim of this study was to classify the fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) cases of salivary gland according to the Milan system.
METHODS
All the cases presenting with salivary gland lesion for FNAC were considered. The clinical data was recorded. Cytology findings were analyzed according to the Milan System. Histopathological correlation was made wherever available.
RESULTS
A total of 100 cases of salivary gland lesions were collected and categorized according to the Milan system. They were correlated with histopathology in 45 cases. The patients' age varied from 2-85 years. Parotid gland was the most commonly affected. Category 1 (non-diagnostic) comprised of three cases. Category 2 (non-neoplastic) had 40 cases. In category 4a (benign) there were 43 cases, and the most common lesion was pleomorphic adenoma. Category 5 (suspicious of malignancy) comprised of 3 cases. Category 6 (malignant) comprised of 11 cases and the most common lesion was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In category 2, the cytological findings of 5 cases were concordant with histopathology while, 2 were discordant. In category 4a (benign), 20 cases were concordant, and 3 cases were discordant (2 cases were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 was adenoid cystic carcinoma on histology). The risks of malignancy in NN, AUS, benign, SOM, and malignant were 33.3, 2.5, 0, 7, 66.6, and 100%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Milan system of reporting salivary gland cytopathology may have great potential of escalating clinical communication and may guide appropriate treatment.
PubMed: 38024544
DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2023.199632.3098 -
Cureus Nov 2023Although mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most diagnosed malignancy of the salivary gland, it rarely localises to the bronchus, accounting for only 0.1-0.2% of all...
Although mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most diagnosed malignancy of the salivary gland, it rarely localises to the bronchus, accounting for only 0.1-0.2% of all primary lung malignancies. Of those pulmonary MECs, most are found in segmental or lobar bronchi, and they are rarely found in mainstem bronchi, highlighting the novelty of this presentation for thoracic specialists. We present a case report of a seven-year-old female who underwent a carinal resection and a right upper lobectomy for the management of an endobronchial MEC causing right middle lobe (RML) obstruction. Intraoperatively, an exophytic mass originating from the junction of the right main bronchus and bronchus intermedius was identified, causing a partial obstruction of the RML bronchus. Frozen sections demonstrated clear margins and follow-up bronchoscopies have been unremarkable. Given their rarity, endobronchial MECs can be diagnostically difficult and cause uncertainty with respect to their management. Low-grade tumours have a much more favourable prognosis than their high-grade counterparts, with surgical resection being the gold standard of care. Therefore, the index of suspicion, time to diagnosis, and definitive treatment are critical to the outcome.
PubMed: 37965236
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48680 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Oct 2023Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung is a rare malignant tumor, accounting for 0.1%-0.2% of all lung malignancies. It is a primary salivary gland tumor of the lung....
BACKGROUND
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung is a rare malignant tumor, accounting for 0.1%-0.2% of all lung malignancies. It is a primary salivary gland tumor of the lung. Surgical resection is the primary treatment for pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, for which there has been no standardized treatment strategy. This article reports a case of a young woman with pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma with hemoptysis as the first symptom.
CASE SUMMARY
A 24-year-old female patient presented with "4 d of hemoptysis" as the chief complaint. She had no special history and denied any smoking or drinking history. Physical examination revealed that the vital signs were stable and scattered small wet rales were heard in the left lung. After admission, the lung tumor markers were checked, and no abnormalities were found. After completing the bronchoscopy, a spherical lesion was observed at the main bronchus 1.5 cm away from the protubercle, with obvious pulsation and little blood seepage on the surface, and histopathological biopsy results showed acute and chronic inflammation. She was transferred to the Department of Thoracic Surgery for surgical treatment on the 16 day after admission. After exclusion of surgical conjunctures, the patient underwent resection of the tumor in the left main bronchus with single-pore video-assisted thoracic surgery on the 19 day after admission. The postoperative histopathological biopsy results showed mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung. The patient and her family refused to complete genetic testing and she was discharged from the hospital on the 8th day after surgery. During the follow-up period, the patient experienced shortness of breath after feeling active and had no special discomfort.
CONCLUSION
We have documented a case of moderately differentiated mucoepidermoid lung cancer with hemoptysis as the first symptom to improve clinicians' understanding of the disease and provide a new dimension of thinking for its future diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 37946783
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i29.7136