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Cureus Sep 2023Multifocal cystadenomatous oncocytic hyperplasia of the parotid gland is an extremely rare non-neoplastic lesion. We present a case involving a 73-year-old female with a...
Multifocal cystadenomatous oncocytic hyperplasia of the parotid gland is an extremely rare non-neoplastic lesion. We present a case involving a 73-year-old female with a painless, small mass in her right preauricular region for the past two months. Fine needle aspiration suggested a diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Following further investigations, the patient underwent an uneventful right superficial parotidectomy without neck dissection. Histopathological examination of the excised superficial parotid tissue revealed multifocal cystadenomatous oncocytic hyperplasia with negative surrounding margins. The patient's subsequent follow-ups in the outpatient department were satisfactory, with no reported issues, concerns, or evidence of recurrence.
PubMed: 37868548
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45614 -
Medicine Oct 2023The spectrum of major and minor salivary gland disorders varies widely. Epidemiological data on some injury categories are rare and often not up-to-date. This study aims...
The spectrum of major and minor salivary gland disorders varies widely. Epidemiological data on some injury categories are rare and often not up-to-date. This study aims to analyze epidemiological data using clinical, paraclinical, and histopathological parameters. Study was carried out for 5 years on the nonneoplastic and tumoral pathology of the salivary glands. Data were statistically analyzed using the appropriate parameters. Data analysis according to the biological behavior of the lesions revealed great heterogeneity. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the type of injury, age (P = .002) and gender (0.033). The environment of origin of the patients as well as the comorbidities reflected in most cases the nature of the process. Associations were also observed between the biological behavior of the lesions and the hemicranial topography (P = .019), the type of salivary gland (P = .024), and the surgical technique used (P < .001). Most cases were identified in the major salivary glands, often in the parotid. The most common diseases are represented by nonspecific chronic sialadenitis (nonneoplastic lesion), pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor (benign tumors), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (malignant tumor), and squamous carcinoma (secondary tumor). They presented axial diameters between 2 to 95 mm. The most used curative technique was subtotal excision with facial nerve preservation. In conclusion, the study highlighted the main epidemiological aspects of salivary gland disorders. Some data agree with the specialty literature, and particular aspects are also observed. Therefore, this research is useful both in the medical and research fields.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Salivary Gland Diseases; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid
PubMed: 37861511
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035751 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Oral cavity can be host to multitude of neoplastic, premalignant or non neoplastic pathological lesions. Diagnosis of lesions of oral cavity is always of interest to...
INTRODUCTION
Oral cavity can be host to multitude of neoplastic, premalignant or non neoplastic pathological lesions. Diagnosis of lesions of oral cavity is always of interest to clinician and pathologist and rely on clinical appearance of lesions. There can be variation in diagnosis of clinical lesion with histopathology. Many oral carcinomas arise within the sites that previously had premalignant lesion. Incidence of oral cancers in population has increased among younger generations related to habits and lifestyle. These lesions during clinical presentation are misleading and create diagnostic dilemma owing to age, sex and distribution of lesions. Understanding distribution of oral mucosal lesions helps to diagnose lesions of oral cavity. Purpose of this study is to observe the variation in clinical diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis in patients with inflammatory, premalignant, benign and malignant lesions of oral cavity and oropharynx and also clinical distribution of lesions of oral cavity and oropharynx lesions by histopathology.
OBSERVATIONS
Out of total 105 lesions, ulcer in oral cavity seen in 58 (55.23%) of patients, followed by swelling or feeling of lump in oral cavity in 36 (34.29%) of patients and foreign body sensation in 23 (21.90%) of patients with tongue as most frequent site for most of lesions of oral cavity accounting in 33 (31.43%) of cases, and less frequently lesions were seen in retro molar trigone area in 2 (1.90%) patients. Histopathological diagnosis of premalignant, non neoplastic and inflammatory lesions was made in 24 (22.85%) cases, benign tumours were diagnosed in 14 (13.33%) cases and rest of 67 (63.81%) lesions were malignant. Mucocoel were seen in five (4.76%) cases, radicular cyst was seen in one (0.95%) case of female patient and four cases of Leukoplakia with one case showing mild dysplasia. Among benign tumours 11 (10.47%) patients presented with gingivitis turned out to be squamous papillomas were seen in five (4.76%) cases, fibroma was diagnosed in four (3.80%) cases, pyogenic granuloma was diagnosed in four (3.80%) cases most commonly seen over gingiva and myoepithelioma of minor salivary gland was observed in one (0.95%) case over soft palate. Out of 67 cases of malignant lesions squamous cell carcinomas were seen in 59 (88.05%) cases followed by verrucous carcinoma in 3 (4.47%) cases, 2 (2.99%) cases were basaloid squamous cell carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was seen in 2 (2.99%) cases and 1 (1.49%) case of adenoid cystic carcinoma was seen. Majority of squamous cell carcinomas cases in study were well differentiated in 49 (73.13%) cases followed by moderately differentiated in 16 (23.88%) cases and poorly differentiated in 2 (2.99%) cases. Malignant transformation of tonsil tissue post operatively was observed in 1 (0.95%) patients on histopathology. One (2.5%) case of myoepithelioma was seen in 60 years male over soft palate.
CONCLUSION
Of all oral biopsies reported in study, increasing trend of malignancies in lower age groups of population making it an emerging threat to community and highlighting need to take effective measures to increase public awareness about risk factors and consequences of this condition. Screening programmes targeted to population over 25 years are recommended to overcome this.
PubMed: 37854899
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_312_22 -
JTCVS Techniques Oct 2023Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility and favorable long-term results of tracheobronchial replacement using stented cryopreserved aortic allografts. We...
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility and favorable long-term results of tracheobronchial replacement using stented cryopreserved aortic allografts. We propose to investigate the outcomes of this emerging technique in the subgroup of patients with extensive tracheal cancer.
METHODS
This study was based on 13 patients with primary extensive tracheal cancer extracted from the prospective registry TRITON-01 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04263129), which included 40 patients in total. We analyzed early and late outcomes in this subset of patients.
RESULTS
From March 2019 to September 2022, 13 patients were included in the study. There were 9 female and 4 male patients, with a mean age of 53.9 years [36-71 years]. They had tracheal replacement for extended adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 11), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 1). A venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used in the 6 last cases. The mean length of resection was 81 mm [50-120 mm]. There was no 30-day postoperative mortality. A complete resection (R0) was achieved in 11 patients. The main late complications consisted of tracheal granulomas related to the stent and requiring repeated bronchoscopies (n = 9), pneumonia (n = 3), airway infection (n = 1), bronchoesophageal fistula (n = 1), mechanical stent obstruction requiring change (n = 2), and mediastinitis treated by antibiotics, drainage, and omentoplasty (n = 1). With a maximal follow-up of 3 years and 7 months, cancer recurrence was observed in 2 patients. All patients were alive at last follow-up except 2 (84.6%).
CONCLUSIONS
Airway replacement using stented CAA represents a feasible and promising solution for extensive tracheal cancer.
PubMed: 37854807
DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2023.05.021 -
Cureus Sep 2023Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a locally invasive tumor of the major and minor salivary glands. A 29-year-old male patient reported a complaint of slow-growing, painless,...
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a locally invasive tumor of the major and minor salivary glands. A 29-year-old male patient reported a complaint of slow-growing, painless, non-ulcerated palatal swelling. On clinical evaluation, the swelling appeared benign; hence, the complete excision of the lesion was carried out under general anesthesia, with closure by reconstruction with a partial-thickness flap. Healing was uneventful. The histopathological evaluation revealed low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This case report aims to highlight the importance of proper clinical and histopathological evaluation to rule out malignancy, as mucoepidermoid carcinoma can have variable presentations and mimic various benign salivary gland lesions, similar to the occurrence in the present case.
PubMed: 37842486
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45250 -
Journal of Indian Association of... 2023Parotid gland lesions in children requiring surgical management are not common. Neoplastic lesions of the parotid glands are also less common. Parotid tumors in children...
CONTEXT
Parotid gland lesions in children requiring surgical management are not common. Neoplastic lesions of the parotid glands are also less common. Parotid tumors in children have different characteristics from those that occur in adults. When they occur in the pediatric age group, malignancy has to be ruled out.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective study of children who presented to our institute, a tertiary care referral hospital for children <12 years, with parotid swellings during the 5-year period between April 2018 and March 2023. The children who underwent surgical management for parotid lesions, in the form of parotidectomy, were included in the study. Children who were treated by nonoperative management were excluded from the study.
RESULTS
Twelve children were included. Of the 12 children, three (25.0%) children had malignancy, four (33.33%) children had benign tumors, three (25.0%) children had vascular malformations, and the remaining two (16.67%) children had inflammatory etiology. All children underwent superficial/total parotidectomy, depending on the involvement of superficial and/or deep lobe. Of the three malignant parotid tumors, two were of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and one was myoepithelial carcinoma. One of the children with mucoepidermoid carcinoma had recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
Facial nerve-sparing parotidectomy is the treatment for neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. Initially, lymphovascular tumors were treated aggressively with parotidectomy. Neck node dissection should be performed only in children with fine-needle aspiration cytology-confirmed nodal metastases during primary surgery. Adjuvant treatment may be required in selected cases.
PubMed: 37842213
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_100_23 -
Molecular Cancer Oct 2023Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous cell population that plays a crucial role in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, through the...
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous cell population that plays a crucial role in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, through the integrated analysis of spatial and single-cell transcriptomics data across six common cancer types, we identified four distinct functional subgroups of CAFs and described their spatial distribution characteristics. Additionally, the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from three additional common cancer types and two newly generated scRNA-seq datasets of rare cancer types, namely epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), expanded our understanding of CAF heterogeneity. Cell-cell interaction analysis conducted within the spatial context highlighted the pivotal roles of matrix CAFs (mCAFs) in tumor angiogenesis and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In patients with breast cancer (BRCA) undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, iCAFs demonstrated heightened capacity in facilitating cancer cell proliferation, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and contributing to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, a scoring system based on iCAFs showed a significant correlation with immune therapy response in melanoma patients. Lastly, we provided a web interface ( https://chenxisd.shinyapps.io/pancaf/ ) for the research community to investigate CAFs in the context of pan-cancer.
Topics: Humans; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts; Tumor Microenvironment; Carcinoma; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Single-Cell Analysis; Fibroblasts
PubMed: 37833788
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01876-x -
Cureus Sep 2023Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a well-established neoplasm of the salivary glands. However, the MEC of the lung is an exceedingly rare neoplasm that falls under the...
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a well-established neoplasm of the salivary glands. However, the MEC of the lung is an exceedingly rare neoplasm that falls under the category of salivary gland-type tumors of the lung. Pulmonary MEC is recognized for its indolent progression. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent infectious disease in India and ranks among the leading causes of death from infectious diseases. Nevertheless, the co-occurrence of pulmonary MEC with pulmonary TB is a rare phenomenon that has not been documented in the literature. In this report, we describe a 54-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of dysphagia, weight loss, and fever. Histopathological examination diagnosed him with pulmonary MEC, and concurrent cytology and Gene-Xpert tests confirmed tuberculosis. This case represents the first documented instance of this particular co-occurrence. It underscores the limitations of radiology in diagnosing such a rare neoplasm, especially when there is an absence of lung parenchyma infiltration and a mass lesion. Additionally, this case supports the possibility of an interdependent relationship between malignancies and tuberculosis.
PubMed: 37822440
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44978 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023The tumour-cell based initiation of immune evasion project evaluated the role of Gipie in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (A-253), from...
The tumour-cell based initiation of immune evasion project evaluated the role of Gipie in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (A-253), from ninety-six 3D-ACC and A-253-immune co-culture models using natural killer cells (NK), and Jurkat cells (JK). Abnormal ACC morphology was observed in 3D-ACC immune co-culture models. Gipie-silencing conferred a "lymphoblast-like" morphology to ACC cells, a six-fold increase in apoptotic cells (compared to unaltered ACC cells, P ≤ 0.0001), a two-fold decrease in T regulatory cells (FoxP3/IL-2Rα/CD25) (P ≤ 0.0001), and a three-fold increase in activated NK cells (NKp30/IFN-γ) (P ≤ 0.0001) with significantly higher release of granzyme (P ≤ 0.001) and perforin (P ≤ 0.0001).
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Killer Cells, Natural; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Jurkat Cells; Perforin
PubMed: 37813936
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44329-7 -
Ecancermedicalscience 2023Salivary gland tumours are rare cancers with variable course and prognosis. There is a paucity of data, especially for the advanced stages.
BACKGROUND
Salivary gland tumours are rare cancers with variable course and prognosis. There is a paucity of data, especially for the advanced stages.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective analysis carried out in our institute. All patients seeking treatment for incurable advanced salivary gland tumours from October 2018 to September 2022 were included. Relevant clinical data were collected and appropriate statistical analysis was applied.
RESULTS
30 patients were included in the analysis. The parotid gland was the most common site of origin (73%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) were equally (37%) the most common pathological subtypes. The majority of patients were males (73%) and lungs (57%) were the most common site of metastases. On molecular analysis, SDC had high rates of androgen receptor (AR) (90%) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (55%) positivity. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) had AR and HER2 positivity rates of 17% and 20%, respectively, while for ACC it was even lower. A variety of treatment regimens including hormonal therapy, anti-HER2 targeted therapy and chemotherapy were used in first-line treatment. With an overall response rate (ORR) of 10/21 (48%), only 9/21 (43%) went on to receive second-line treatment with an ORR of 4/9 (44%). The progression-free survival (PFS) with first-line treatment (PFS1) was a median of 5 months. The median PFS1 was worst for MEC. The median overall survival (OS) was 10 months. Median OS for ACC, SDC and MEC were 11, 10 and 7 months, respectively. At 24 months, ACC had much higher survival (50%) than others (10%) indicating a proportion of ACC with an indolent course.
CONCLUSION
Our analysis highlights the variable disease biology of advanced salivary gland tumours and throws light on the various possible treatment targets and strategies. Molecular profiling and advancement in targeted therapies are expected to increase survival in this group of rare cancers.
PubMed: 37799960
DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1602