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International Journal of Clinical and... 2020The function of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the regenerative process is not fully understood. The aim was to show the IL-6 role in hepatocyte regeneration by identifying the...
INTRODUCTION
The function of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the regenerative process is not fully understood. The aim was to show the IL-6 role in hepatocyte regeneration by identifying the proliferative rate of hepatocytes following partial hepatectomy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Eighty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into two equivalent groups (n = 40 rats); non-treated, and treated group with IL-6 of 35 µg/100 gm body weight according to lethality study for a four-day observation. Both groups were subjected to 70% hepatic resection. Liver specimens were taken for histo/immunohistochemical studies. Five measures were investigated histopathologically; binucleation, mitoses, thickening of the hepatic plate, ductular reaction, and presence of inflammatory cells. Ki-67 labeling index was evaluated using mouse anti-Ki-67 antibody.
RESULTS
In non-treated group; binucleation and multinucleation were noted in 12 cases (30%), bizarre cells with abnormal mitoses 16 cases (42%), and thickening of liver cell plate 18 cases (45%), in contrast to 32 (80%), 30 (75%) and 28 (70%), in treated group. Patches of inflammatory infiltrate were more marked in the treated group. Ki-67 labeling index was higher in the treated group (-value 0.00001). The degree of Ki-67 reactivity in the treated group was: negative 6 (15%), weak 6 (15%), moderate 16 (40%) and strong 12 (30%) compared with 18 (45%), 13 (32.5%), 6 (15%) and strong 3 (7.5%) in non-treated group.
CONCLUSION
IL-6 is valuable in the induction of liver cell regeneration. Correlation with biochemical assay and flow cytometric studies is recommended.
PubMed: 32782672
DOI: No ID Found -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Dec 2019Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific...
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of astaxanthin-dimethyldisuccinate (ATX-DMDS) for salmonids, crustaceans and other fish. The applicant has provided evidence that ATX-DMDS currently on the market complies with the conditions of authorisation for salmon and trout. ATX and ATX-DMDS are safe for salmonids, crustaceans and fish up to 100 mg ATX/kg complete diet, corresponding to 138 mg ATX-DMDS/kg. The FEEDAP Panel re-assessed the toxicological profile of ATX based on data already considered in 2014, the literature review performed by the applicant and the data available in the context of an EFSA public call for data on ATX. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.2 mg astaxanthin/kg body weight (bw) per day obtained by applying an uncertainty factor of 200 to a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 40 mg/kg bw per day for the increased incidence of multinucleated hepatocytes observed in a 2-year carcinogenicity study replaces the one of 0.034 mg/kg bw established by the FEEDAP Panel in 2014. The use of ATX-DMDS in the nutrition of salmonids, other fish and crustaceans up to the maximum permitted dietary level is of no concern for the safety of the consumer. No dermal or ocular risk for the users is likely to occur under practical conditions. In the absence of inhalation toxicology study, the Panel is not in the position to establish the inhalation toxicity of the additive. The use of synthetic ATX-DMDS does not pose a significant additional risk to the environment compared with natural astaxanthin. ATX-DMDS is efficacious in colouring the flesh of salmonids and other fish. ATX-DMDS is an effective pigment for crustaceans at the proposed conditions of use.
PubMed: 32626207
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5920 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Oct 2020Some species of the genus Brachiaria are cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical climate regions as the main feed for ruminants. Several studies report...
Some species of the genus Brachiaria are cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical climate regions as the main feed for ruminants. Several studies report photosensitization by Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria brizantha, and Brachiaria humidicola, but the poisoning by Brachiaria ruziziensis have been reported only twice. Cutaneous and hepatic lesions may be caused by the steroidal saponins present in the leaves or by the mycotoxin sporidesmin produced by the saprophyte fungus Pithomyces chartarum. The present report describes the clinical and pathological changes observed in an outbreak of hepatogenic photosensitization in sheep kept in B. ruziziensis pastures. In addition, the present study will provide a better understanding of the etiology of this photosensitization through the evaluation of the saponin protodioscin and the spore count of P. chartarum. Santa Inês and Lacaune mixed-breed sheep showed signs of photosensitization after feeding B. ruziziensis. Clinical signs included jaundice, apathy, dehydration, and photosensitization characterized by facial edema and cutaneous scars, especially in the ears. Pathological examination of the liver revealed diffuse infiltrates of foamy cells, rare multinucleated cells, and mild enlargement of hepatocytes (megalocytosis). The skin showed acute epidermal and dermal necrosis with occlusive thrombi. B. ruziziensis showed low levels of protodioscin (0.020 ± 0.024% in mature leaves and 0.065 ± 0.084% in sprouts) but high P. chartarum spore counts (mean of 479,844 ± 443,951 spores/g plant). Thus, sheep grazing B. ruziziensis pastures must be closely monitored because of the risk of photosensitization.
Topics: Animals; Brachiaria; Diosgenin; Liver; Photosensitivity Disorders; Plant Poisoning; Saponins; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Skin
PubMed: 32598988
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.06.022 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2020The biological phenomenon of cell fusion plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including wound healing and tissue regeneration. Here, it is assumed... (Review)
Review
The biological phenomenon of cell fusion plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including wound healing and tissue regeneration. Here, it is assumed that bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) could adopt the specific properties of a different organ by cell fusion, thereby restoring organ function. Cell fusion first results in the production of bi- or multinucleated hybrid cells, which either remain as heterokaryons or undergo ploidy reduction/heterokaryon-to-synkaryon transition (HST), thereby giving rise to mononucleated daughter cells. This process is characterized by a merging of the chromosomes from the previously discrete nuclei and their subsequent random segregation into daughter cells. Due to extra centrosomes concomitant with multipolar spindles, the ploidy reduction/HST could also be associated with chromosome missegregation and, hence, induction of aneuploidy, genomic instability, and even putative chromothripsis. However, while the majority of such hybrids die or become senescent, aneuploidy and genomic instability appear to be tolerated in hepatocytes, possibly for stress-related adaption processes. Likewise, cell fusion-induced aneuploidy and genomic instability could also lead to a malignant conversion of hybrid cells. This can occur during tissue regeneration mediated by BMSC fusion in chronically inflamed tissue, which is a cell fusion-friendly environment, but is also enriched for mutagenic reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Topics: Aneuploidy; Animals; Cell Fusion; Chromosomal Instability; Humans; Hybrid Cells; Polyploidy; Regeneration
PubMed: 32155721
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051811