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Scientific Reports Apr 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae necrotizing pneumonia (MPNP) has a long and severe disease course, which seriously threatens to jeopardize patients' lives and health. Early...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae necrotizing pneumonia (MPNP) has a long and severe disease course, which seriously threatens to jeopardize patients' lives and health. Early prediction is essential for good recovery and prognosis. In the present study, we retrospect 128 children with MPNP and 118 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia combined with pulmonary consolidation to explore the predictive value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in children with MPNP by propensity score matching method, multiple logistic regression analysis, dose-response analysis and decision curve analysis. The WBC count, PLT count and percentage of neutrophils were significantly higher in necrosis group than consolidation group. The serum CRP, PCT, ESR, D-D, FIB, ALT, LDH, IgG and IgM were significantly higher in necrosis group. Compared to consolidation group, necrosis group is more severe in chest pain and dyspnea. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of LDH levels, high fever, D-dimer, and fibrinogen were independent predictive factors for the incidence of MPNP. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed that a non-linear dose-response relationship between the continuous changes of LDH level and the incidence of MPNP. Decision curve analysis revealed that LDH had an important clinical value in predicting MPNP. This study provides a potential serologic indicator for early diagnosis of MPNP.
Topics: Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Female; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Child, Preschool; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Necrotizing; Retrospective Studies; Prognosis; Infant; Predictive Value of Tests; Biomarkers; Decision Support Techniques
PubMed: 38684810
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60359-1 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor...
Diagnostic values of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) for severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.
OBJECTIVE
Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), were proved to be implicated in bacterial infection diseases. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 in MPP was poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 for SMPP.
METHODS
In this prospective study, the authors enrolled 44 children with MPP, along with their clinical information. Blood samples were collected, and cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were detected with ELISA assay.
RESULTS
Serum levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were positively correlated with the severity of MPP. In addition, sTREM-1 and IP-10 have significant potential in the diagnosis of SMPP with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.8564 (p-value = 0.0001, 95% CI 0.7461 to 0.9668) and 0.8086 (p-value = 0.0002, 95% CI 0.6918 to 0.9254) respectively. Notably, the combined diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 is up to 0.911 in children with SMPP (p-value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.830 to 0.993).
CONCLUSIONS
Serum cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 have a great potential diagnostic value in children with SMPP.
Topics: Humans; Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; Female; Male; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Prospective Studies; Child, Preschool; Chemokine CXCL10; Receptors, Immunologic; Biomarkers; Severity of Illness Index; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Infant; Sensitivity and Specificity; ROC Curve; Adolescent
PubMed: 38678873
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100361 -
Genes Apr 2024() poses a significant public health challenge due to its association with non-gonococcal urethritis (particularly in men) and antimicrobial resistance. However,...
() poses a significant public health challenge due to its association with non-gonococcal urethritis (particularly in men) and antimicrobial resistance. However, despite the prevalence of infections and the rise in resistance rates, routine testing and surveillance remain limited. This is the first study from Croatia that aimed to assess the prevalence and trends of resistance in strains isolated from male individuals by detecting macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance genes. The study also aimed to explore the factors associated with resistance and changes in resistance patterns over time. Urine samples collected from male individuals in the Zagreb County and northwest region of Croatia between 2018 and 2023 were tested for with the use of molecular methods. Positive samples were subjected to DNA extraction and multiplex tandem polymerase chain reaction (MT-PCR) targeting genetic mutations associated with macrolide ( gene) and fluoroquinolone ( gene) resistance. Of the 8073 urine samples tested from 6480 male individuals (and following the exclusion of repeated specimens), we found that the prevalence of infection was 2.2%. Macrolide resistance was observed in 60.4% of strains, while fluoroquinolone resistance was found in 19.2%. Co-resistance to both antibiotics was present in 18.2% of cases. A statistically significant increase in fluoroquinolone resistance was noted over the study period ( = 0.010), but this was not evident for azithromycin resistance ( = 0.165). There were no statistically significant differences in resistance patterns between age groups, whereas re-testing of patients revealed dynamic changes in resistance profiles over time. The high burden of macrolide resistance and increasing fluoroquinolone resistance underscore the urgent need for comprehensive resistance testing and surveillance programs. The implementation of resistance-guided treatment strategies, along with enhanced access to molecular diagnostics, is pivotal for effectively managing infections.
Topics: Mycoplasma genitalium; Humans; Male; Fluoroquinolones; Croatia; Macrolides; Adult; Mycoplasma Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Middle Aged; Young Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Adolescent; Urethritis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38674404
DOI: 10.3390/genes15040470 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024The increasing prevalence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) poses a significant threat to the health of children. This study aimed to characterise and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
The increasing prevalence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) poses a significant threat to the health of children. This study aimed to characterise and assess the outcomes in children with SMPP.
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed children hospitalised for M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) between January and December 2022. Retrospectively, demographic, clinical, underlying diseases, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatment outcomes were collected and analysed. Disease severity was defined as severe or general according to the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2019 version).
RESULTS
Over a 12-month observation period, 417 children with MPP were enrolled, 50.6% (211/417) of whom had SMPP, with the peak incidence observed in winter. Of the 211 children with SMPP, 210 were treated and discharged with improvement, while one child with congenital heart disease died of cardioembolic stroke. A significantly higher proportion of patients with SMPP had underlying diseases, extrapulmonary complications (myocardial and digestive system involvement), and bacterial co-infection. A total of 25 (12%) children with SMPP received mechanical ventilation. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 3 days. All children were treated with macrolide antibiotic. A significantly higher proportion of patients with SMPP received antibiotic other than macrolides, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, intravenous immunoglobulin and anticoagulation, compared with patients with general MPP (GMPP). Children with SMPP had significantly higher levels of white blood cells, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and significantly lower percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells, compared with GMPP group.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that severely ill children have more pronounced inflammatory reaction and extrapulmonary complications. For effective management of children with SMPP, hormonal, prophylactic, anticoagulant therapy, as well as the use of antibiotics other than macrolides for bacterial co-infections, could be incorporated into treatment regimens.
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Retrospective Studies; Child; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Macrolides; Infant; Severity of Illness Index; Community-Acquired Infections; Hospitalization; Respiration, Artificial; Adolescent; Coinfection
PubMed: 38671341
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09340-x -
BMC Veterinary Research Apr 2024Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a fatal WOAH-listed, respiratory disease in small ruminants with goats as primary hosts that is caused by Mycoplasma...
BACKGROUND
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a fatal WOAH-listed, respiratory disease in small ruminants with goats as primary hosts that is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp). Twelve CCPP outbreaks were investigated in 11 goat herds and a herd of captive Arabian sand gazelle (Gazella marica) in four Omani governorates by clinical pathological and molecular analysis to compare disease manifestation and Mccp genetic profiles in goats and wild ungulates.
RESULTS
The CCPP forms in diseased and necropsied goats varied from peracute (5.8%), acute (79.2%) and chronic (4.5%) while all of the five necropsied gazelles showed the acute form based on the clinical picture, gross and histopathological evaluation. Colonies of Mccp were recovered from cultured pleural fluid, but not from lung tissue samples of one gazelle and nine goats and all the isolates were confirmed by Mccp-specific real time PCR. Whole genome-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed on the ten isolates sequenced in this study and twenty sequences retrieved from the Genbank database. The Mccp strains from Oman clustered all in phylogroup A together with strains from East Africa and one strain from Qatar. A low variability of around 125 SNPs was seen in the investigated Omani isolates from both goats and gazelles indicating mutual transmission of the pathogen between wildlife and goats.
CONCLUSION
Recent outbreaks of CCPP in Northern Oman are caused by Mccp strains of the East African Phylogroup A which can infect goats and captive gazelles likewise. Therefore, wild and captive ungulates should be considered as reservoirs and included in CCPP surveillance measures.
Topics: Animals; Goats; Goat Diseases; Pleuropneumonia, Contagious; Antelopes; Oman; Mycoplasma capricolum; Disease Outbreaks; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Molecular Epidemiology; Phylogeny
PubMed: 38664764
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03969-1 -
Poultry Science Jul 2024Routine antibiotic administration has been used in intensive animal industries for a long time for health and production benefits. There is now a concerted effort to...
Routine antibiotic administration has been used in intensive animal industries for a long time for health and production benefits. There is now a concerted effort to limit antibiotics administration to only treatment of clinically affected animals and to look for other alternative solutions combined with better husbandry practices for the benefits routine antibiotic administration seems to provide in intensive farming systems. In this paper it is argued that the benefits from routine antibiotics in chickens administration in lay are from suppression of the effects of mycoplasma infections. Mycoplasma freedom has been recommended but is not always practical. Vaccination of mycoplasma negative chickens with live mycoplasma vaccines is now being used (with biosecurity) to decrease antibiotic dependence in lay of poultry in many parts of the world.
Topics: Animals; Animal Husbandry; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; One Health; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 38663076
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103690 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Apr 2024The patient, a male newborn, was admitted to the hospital 2 hours after birth due to prematurity (gestational age 27 weeks) and respiratory distress occurring 2 hours...
The patient, a male newborn, was admitted to the hospital 2 hours after birth due to prematurity (gestational age 27 weeks) and respiratory distress occurring 2 hours postnatally. After admission, the infant developed fever and elevated C-reactive protein levels. On the fourth day after birth, metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid indicated a positive result for (9 898 reads). On the eighth day, a retest of cerebrospinal fluid metagenomics confirmed (56 806 reads). The diagnosis of purulent meningitis caused by was established, and the antibiotic treatment was switched to moxifloxacin [5 mg/(kg·day)] administered intravenously for a total of 4 weeks. After treatment, the patient's cerebrospinal fluid tests returned to normal, and he was discharged as cured on the 76th day after birth. This article focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal purulent meningitis, introducing the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of the condition in extremely preterm infants.
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma hominis; Infant, Newborn; Male; Infant, Extremely Premature; Moxifloxacin; Meningitis, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38660910
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2312016 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in the cattle industry worldwide; it is caused by multiple bacterial or viral coinfections, of which...
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in the cattle industry worldwide; it is caused by multiple bacterial or viral coinfections, of which () and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) are the most notable pathogens. Although live vaccines have demonstrated better efficacy against BRD induced by both pathogens, there are no combined live and marker vaccines. Therefore, we developed an attenuated and marker -BoHV-1 combined vaccine based on the HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- strain previously constructed in our lab and evaluated in rabbits. This study aimed to further evaluate its safety and protective efficacy in cattle using different antigen ratios. After immunization, all vaccinated cattle had a normal rectal temperature and mental status without respiratory symptoms. CD4, CD8, and CD19 cells significantly increased in immunized cattle and induced higher humoral and cellular immune responses, and the expression of key cytokines such as IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ can be promoted after vaccination. The 1.0 × 10 CFU of HB150 and 1.0 × 10 TCID BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined strain elicited the most antibodies while significantly increasing IgG and cellular immunity after challenge. In conclusion, the HB150 and BoHV-1 gG-/tk- combined strain was clinically safe and protective in calves; the mix of 1.0 × 10 CFU of HB150 and 1.0 × 10 TCID BoHV-1 gG-/tk- strain was most promising due to its low amount of shedding and highest humoral and cellular immune responses compared with others. This study introduces an -BoHV-1 combined vaccine for application in the cattle industry.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine; Vaccines, Combined; Vaccines, Attenuated; Mycoplasma bovis; Viral Vaccines; Bacterial Vaccines; Cytokines; Antibodies, Viral; Antibodies, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Vaccines, Marker; Vaccination; Vaccine Efficacy; Immunity, Humoral; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
PubMed: 38646533
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367253 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a relatively difficult-to-treat pneumonia in children. The time of radiographic resolution after treatment is...
BACKGROUND
Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a relatively difficult-to-treat pneumonia in children. The time of radiographic resolution after treatment is variable, a long recovery time can result in several negative effects, and it has attracted our attention. Therefore, exploring factors associated with delayed radiographic resolution will help to identify these children at an early stage and prepare for early intervention.
METHODS
The data of 339 children with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae were collected from the Department of Pediatrics of Fu Yang People's Hospital, China from January 2021 to June 2022. After discharge, the children were regularly followed up in the outpatient department and on the WeChat platform for > 8 weeks. According to whether pulmonary imaging (chest radiography or plain chest computed tomography) returned to normal within 8 weeks, the children were divided into the delayed recovery group (DRG) (n = 69) and the normal recovery group (NRG) (n = 270). The children's general information, laboratory examination findings, bronchoscopy results, and imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed. Single-factor analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution of lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the factors with statistically significant differences underwent multiple-factor logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was then performed to calculate the cutoff value of early predictive indicators of delayed radiographic resolution.
RESULTS
Single-factor analysis showed that the following were significantly greater in the DRG than NRG: total fever duration, the hospitalization time, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, D-dimer level, pulmonary lesions involving two or more lobes, a large amount of pleural effusion, the time to interventional bronchoscopy, and mucus plugs formation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the hospitalization time, CRP level, LDH level, pulmonary lesions involving two or more lobes, and a large amount of pleural effusion were independent risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution of lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The cutoff values on the receiver operating characteristic curve were a hospitalization time of ≥ 10.5 days, CRP level of ≥ 25.92 mg/L, and LDH level of ≥ 378 U/L.
CONCLUSION
If patients with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a hospitalization time of ≥ 10.5 days, CRP level of ≥ 25.92 mg/L, and LDH level ≥ 378 U/L, the time of radiographic resolution is highly likely to exceed 8 weeks. Pediatricians must maintain a high level of vigilance for these factors, control the infection as early as possible, strengthen airway management, and follow up closely to avoid complications and sequelae of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Retrospective Studies; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Lung; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Pleural Effusion
PubMed: 38641804
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09289-x -
Medicine Apr 2024To explore the clinical characteristics and changes in serum CXCL10 and CXCL16 in patients with severe mycoplasma pneumonia, and to analyze the risk factors of severe...
To explore the clinical characteristics and changes in serum CXCL10 and CXCL16 in patients with severe mycoplasma pneumonia, and to analyze the risk factors of severe mycoplasma pneumonia. About 258 children with acute mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) admitted to the respiratory department of a certain hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the severity of MPP, patients are divided into 2 groups, namely the mild illness group (Q group) and the severe illness group (Z group). The number of cases in these 2 groups of children is 167 and 91, respectively. The serum CXCL10, CXCL16, and other indicators of 2 groups are tested. Compared to group Q, patients in group Z have a higher proportion of extrapulmonary complications, longer cough time, longer shortness of breath, and longer wheezing time (P < .05). The serum CXCL16 is higher and the proportion of pleural effusion is higher (P < .01). There are more cases of fever, longer fever duration, longer hospital stay, higher serum CXCL10, and higher D-dimer levels (P < .001). The area under the curve of the probability curve for predicting severe mycoplasma pneumonia is 0.975 (P < .05). Children with severe mycoplasma pneumonia have significantly longer fever duration and hospital stay than those with mild symptoms. The serum levels of CXCL10 and CXCL16 are significantly elevated.
Topics: Child; Humans; Chemokine CXCL10; Chemokine CXCL16; Hospitalization; Length of Stay; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Retrospective Studies; Patient Acuity
PubMed: 38640272
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037814