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Microbiological Research Jul 2024Heme oxygenase HO-1 (HMOX) regulates cellular inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in regulation of autophagy in Mycoplasma bovis infection is unknown. The objective...
Heme oxygenase activates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum of bovine mammary epithelial cells to promote TFEB entry into the nucleus to reduce the intracellular load of Mycoplasma bovis.
Heme oxygenase HO-1 (HMOX) regulates cellular inflammation and apoptosis, but its role in regulation of autophagy in Mycoplasma bovis infection is unknown. The objective was to determine how the HO-1/CO- Protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-Ca- transcription factor EB (TFEB) signaling axis induces autophagy and regulates clearance of M. bovis by bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). M. bovis inhibited autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in bMECs and suppressed HO-1 protein and expression of related proteins, namely nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1). Activation of HO-1 and its production of carbon monoxide (CO) were required for induction of autophagy and clearance of intracellular M. bovis. Furthermore, when HO-1 was deficient, CO sustained cellular autophagy. HO-1 activation increased intracellular calcium (Ca) and cytosolic localization activity of TFEB via PERK. Knockdown of PERK or chelation of intracellular Ca inhibited HO-1-induced M. bovis autophagy and clearance. M. bovis infection affected nuclear localization of lysosomal TFEB in the MiT/TFE transcription factor subfamily, whereas activation of HO-1 mediated dephosphorylation and intranuclear localization of TFEB, promoting autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic clearance of M. bovis. Nuclear translocation of TFEB in HO-1 was critical to induce M. bovis transport and survival of infected bMECs. Furthermore, the HO-1/CO-PERK-Ca-TFEB signaling axis induced autophagy and M. bovis clearance, providing a viable approach to treat persistent M. bovis infections.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mycoplasma bovis; Autophagy; Epithelial Cells; Calcium; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Mammary Glands, Animal; Cell Nucleus; Female; eIF-2 Kinase; Mycoplasma Infections; Lysosomes; Heme Oxygenase-1; Carbon Monoxide; Signal Transduction; NF-E2-Related Factor 2
PubMed: 38636241
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127727 -
PloS One 2024We analyzed the prevalence of active infection with common curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, and T....
BACKGROUND
We analyzed the prevalence of active infection with common curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, and T. pallidum, as well as active infection with HPV, herpes simplex virus types I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2), M. hominis, M. genitalium, C. albicans, and Ureaplasma in 351 Lebanese women.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study, involving 351 sexually active women, 40 years or younger, who were recruited from outpatient Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic attendees between September 2016 and November 2017.
RESULTS
The prevalence of active infection was low at 0.3% for N. gonorrhea, 0.6% for HSV-2, 2.8% for C. trachomatis, and 2.9% for any curable STIs. Prevalence of active HPV infection was high assessed at 15.7% for high-risk and 12.2% for low-risk genotypes. Furthermore, the prevalence was 2.0% for M. genitalium, 6.8% for ureaplasma, 13.7% for Candida albicans, and 20.5% for M. hominis. No active infections with T. vaginalis, T. pallidum, or HSV-1 were observed. Significant age differences were noted in the prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV genotypes, but no such differences were noted in the prevalence of other infections. No appreciable variations were identified in the prevalence of key STIs based on smoking, marital status, or the number of sexual partners.
CONCLUSIONS
The study documented active infection with substantial prevalence for multiple STIs among women attending outpatient gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Lebanon. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening STI surveillance, linkage to care, and prevention interventions in reducing STI incidence among women.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Gonorrhea; Prevalence; Incidence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Papillomavirus Infections; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Chlamydia trachomatis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Ureaplasma; Neisseria gonorrhoeae
PubMed: 38635688
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301231 -
Epidemiology and Infection Apr 2024This paper retrospectively analysed the prevalence of macrolide-resistant (MRMP) in some parts of China. Between January 2013 and December 2019, we collected 4,145...
This paper retrospectively analysed the prevalence of macrolide-resistant (MRMP) in some parts of China. Between January 2013 and December 2019, we collected 4,145 respiratory samples, including pharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid. The highest PCR-positive rate of M. pneumoniae was 74.5% in Beijing, the highest resistance rate was 100% in Shanghai, and Gansu was the lowest with 20%. The highest PCR-positive rate of was 74.5% in 2013, and the highest MRMP was 97.4% in 2019; the PCR-positive rate of for adults in Beijing was 17.9% and the MRMP was 10.48%. Among the children diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the PCR-positive and macrolide-resistant rates of were both higher in the severe ones. A2063G in domain V of 23S rRNA was the major macrolide-resistant mutation, accounting for more than 90%. The MIC values of all MRMP to erythromycin and azithromycin were ≥ 64 μg/ml, and the MICs of tetracycline and levofloxacin were ≤ 0.5 μg/ml and ≤ 1 μg/ml, respectively. The macrolide resistance varied in different regions and years. Among inpatients, the macrolide-resistant rate was higher in severe pneumonia. A2063G was the common mutation, and we found no resistance to tetracycline and levofloxacin.
Topics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Humans; China; Macrolides; Retrospective Studies; Child; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Male; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Aged; Infant; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38634450
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000323 -
Clinical Medicine & Research Mar 2024remains a difficult sexually-transmitted infection (STI) to manage due to its potential for antimicrobial resistance and post-infection sequelae. University students...
remains a difficult sexually-transmitted infection (STI) to manage due to its potential for antimicrobial resistance and post-infection sequelae. University students are especially vulnerable, as this demographic has the highest rate of STI in the United States. As a result, investigating prevalence rates and therapeutic outcomes in this population is essential to minimize future impact of The purpose of this study was to investigate a university student population for distribution and treatment outcome. Retrospective chart-review of university health clinic attendees, augmented by laboratory detection of following therapeutic intervention. A total of 1617 student encounters at a midwestern United States university health clinic over a 28-month interval from November 2017 through February 2020 were analyzed for and positivity rates and prevalence. Detection of these sexually-transmitted pathogens occurred by commercial RNA amplification testing. Chart review was focused on participant outcomes following initial detection and therapeutic intervention. positivity and prevalence rates were 7.05% and 9.00%, respectively, while analogous rates for were 7.05% and 6.51%, respectively. An average of 1.83 positive results was generated from participants infected with at any time, with an average of 1.17 positive results for ( < 0.0002). For students treated with azithromycin, 30.3% generated a negative result upon follow-up, with 1g daily and 2-day 500mg dosing regimens demonstrating less efficacy than a 4-day 250mg regimen or moxifloxacin. Data indicate a need for molecular macrolide resistance determination from primary specimens in the university setting.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Macrolides; Retrospective Studies; Universities; Chlamydia trachomatis; Mycoplasma genitalium
PubMed: 38609142
DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2024.1871 -
Microbiology Spectrum May 2024(MP) is commonly detected in children. However, the epidemiological trends of MP in Northeast (NE) China are unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the...
UNLABELLED
(MP) is commonly detected in children. However, the epidemiological trends of MP in Northeast (NE) China are unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MP infections in this understudied region. The clinical manifestations and bronchoscopic findings observed in hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia (SMPP) were collected from comprehensive data obtained from six tertiary hospitals in NE and Inner Mongolian (IM) China, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. A total of 5,593,530 children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments, and 412,480 inpatient hospitalized children were included in the study. The positivity rate of MP immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments varied from 7.80% to 10.12%, whereas that of MP infection in hospitalized children ranged from 27.18% to 30.10%. Children hospitalized for MP infection were mainly concentrated in the 1- to 4-year (41.39%) and 4- to 7-year (24.25%) age groups. Before 2020, the season with the highest incidence of MP was winter. After the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), the MP epidemic season changed, and the number of children with MP infections decreased; however, the proportion of MP infections in hospitalized children did not change significantly. Starting from August 2023, the MP infection rate in outpatient, emergency, and hospitalized children increased sharply, with SMPP and its complications (e.g., plastic bronchitis and pleural effusion) increasing significantly. MP is prevalent in NE and IM, China. When the NPIs ended, MP infection showed a delayed outbreak trend, and the number of children with severe infection increased significantly.
IMPORTANCE
In Northeastern (NE) and Inner Mongolia (IM), the incidence of (MP) infections, including severe pneumonia (SMPP), is high, posing health risks and imposing substantial economic burdens on the local population. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the study of MP prevalence and address the research gaps in MP epidemiology in these areas of China. We obtained a comprehensive collection of pediatric outpatient, emergency, and inpatient data from six public Grade III hospitals. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because understanding regional variations in MP infections can help healthcare professionals tailor prevention and treatment strategies, and studying bronchoscopic manifestations can provide insights into the impact of the disease on the respiratory system, potentially leading to a more effective clinical management.
Topics: Humans; China; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Child, Preschool; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Infant; Adolescent; Prevalence; Hospitalization; Incidence; Immunoglobulin M; Seasons
PubMed: 38606996
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00097-24 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Jun 2024Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a microorganism related to sexually transmitted infections. Antibiotic resistance of MG leads to an increase in treatment failure rates and...
OBJECTIVE
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a microorganism related to sexually transmitted infections. Antibiotic resistance of MG leads to an increase in treatment failure rates and the persistence of the infection. The aim of this study was to describe the most frequent mutations associated with azithromycin and moxifloxacin resistance in our geographical area.
METHODS
A prospective study from May 2019 to May 2023 was performed. MG-positive samples were collected. Real-time PCRs (AllplexTM MG-AziR Assay and AllplexTM MG-MoxiR Assay, Seegene) were performed in MG positive samples to detect mutations in 23S rRNA V domain and parC gene.
RESULTS
A 37.1% of samples presented resistance determinants to azithromycin and the most common mutation detected was A2059G (57.9%). Resistance to moxifloxacin was studied in 72 azithromycin-resistant samples and 36.1% showed mutations, being G248T the most prevalent (73.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
The resistance to different lines of treat ment suggests the need for a targeted therapy and the performing of a test of cure afterwards.
Topics: Mycoplasma genitalium; Moxifloxacin; Azithromycin; Spain; Humans; Prospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Mutation; Female; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Adult; DNA Topoisomerase IV
PubMed: 38591493
DOI: 10.37201/req/015.2024 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is usually mild and self-limiting, but still about 12% of them will progress to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP),...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is usually mild and self-limiting, but still about 12% of them will progress to severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP), which have poor survival rates and often require intensive medical resource utilization. We retrospectively collected clinical data from 526 children with MPP admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to February 2023 and randomly divided the data into a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 4:1. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify independent risk factors for SMPP. Age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze are independent risk factors for SMPP in children. Then, we built an online dynamic nomogram ( https://ertongyiyuanliexiantu.shinyapps.io/SMPP/ ) based on the 11 independent risk factors. The C-index, ROC curve, DCA curve and calibration curve were used to assess the performance of the nomogram, which all showed that the dynamic nomogram has excellent clinical value. Based on age, AGR, NLR, CRP, ESR, MPV, coinfection, pleural effusion, primary disease, fever days ≥ 7 and wheeze, the first dynamic nomogram for accurately predicting SMPP was successfully established.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Nomograms; Retrospective Studies; Coinfection; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Pleural Effusion; Fever; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38589453
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58784-3 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jul 2024The aim of this study is to describe the typical microbial spectrum and the influence of distinct vaginal infections on preterm birth in pregnancies affected by cervical...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to describe the typical microbial spectrum and the influence of distinct vaginal infections on preterm birth in pregnancies affected by cervical incompetence.
METHODS
327 patients were admitted because of asymptomatic shortening of the cervix in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Clinical data such as age, cervical length, gestational age at admission and at delivery and vaginal microbiologic findings were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
The spectrum of germs in the vagina revealed seven different distinct species; the most common bacteria were Ureaplasma spp. and E. coli. In 327 included patients, 217 revealed a bacterial colonization, 110 did not. Most common bacteria in women with preterm birth before 34 weeks were Ureaplasma spp., while E. coli was most common in women undergoing preterm birth after 34 weeks. Nevertheless, the rates of occurrence of these bacterial taxa were not significantly different between who underwent preterm birth to those who did not.
CONCLUSIONS
This study gives an overview over the vaginal bacterial colonization in pregnant women with cervical incompetence. The clinical relevance of vaginal bacterial colonization remains unclear.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Vagina; Adult; Cervix Uteri; Uterine Cervical Incompetence; Ureaplasma; Escherichia coli; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Retrospective Studies; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Gestational Age
PubMed: 38578544
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07397-2 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases May 2024During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from...
During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal samples. In almost half (6 of 13) of samples tested, we found known A2063G mutations (macrolide resistance) and a novel C2353T variant on the 23S rRNA gene.
Topics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Humans; Vietnam; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Mutation; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Child, Preschool; Community-Acquired Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38573165
DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231632 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Portugal; Tertiary Care Centers; Female; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma Infections; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Male; Adult; Time Factors; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38570090
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.03.028