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Emerging Infectious Diseases May 2024During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from...
During a 2023 outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated community-acquired pneumonia among children in northern Vietnam, we analyzed M. pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal samples. In almost half (6 of 13) of samples tested, we found known A2063G mutations (macrolide resistance) and a novel C2353T variant on the 23S rRNA gene.
Topics: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Humans; Vietnam; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Mutation; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Child; Child, Preschool; Community-Acquired Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38573165
DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231632 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Portugal; Tertiary Care Centers; Female; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma Infections; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Male; Adult; Time Factors; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38570090
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.03.028 -
PeerJ 2024This study aimed to create a predictive model based on machine learning to identify the risk for tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) occurring alongside pneumonia in...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to create a predictive model based on machine learning to identify the risk for tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) occurring alongside pneumonia in pediatric patients.
METHODS
Clinical data from 212 pediatric patients were examined in this retrospective analysis. This cohort included 42 individuals diagnosed with TBTB and pneumonia (combined group) and 170 patients diagnosed with lobar pneumonia alone (pneumonia group). Three predictive models, namely XGBoost, decision tree, and logistic regression, were constructed, and their performances were assessed using the receiver's operating characteristic (ROC) curve, precision-recall curve (PR), and decision curve analysis (DCA). The dataset was divided into a 7:3 ratio to test the first and second groups, utilizing them to validate the XGBoost model and to construct the nomogram model.
RESULTS
The XGBoost highlighted eight significant signatures, while the decision tree and logistic regression models identified six and five signatures, respectively. The ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 for XGBoost, significantly outperforming the other models ( < 0.05). Similarly, the PR curve demonstrated the superior predictive capability of XGBoost. DCA further confirmed that XGBoost offered the highest AIC (43.226), the highest average net benefit (0.764), and the best model fit. Validation efforts confirmed the robustness of the findings, with the validation groups 1 and 2 showing ROC and PR curves with AUC of 0.997, indicating a high net benefit. The nomogram model was shown to possess significant clinical value.
CONCLUSION
Compared to machine learning approaches, the XGBoost model demonstrated superior predictive efficacy in identifying pediatric patients at risk of concurrent TBTB and pneumonia. The model's identification of critical signatures provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of these conditions.
Topics: Humans; Child; Retrospective Studies; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Area Under Curve; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38560467
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17164 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Mar 2024To explore the changes in gut microbiota and levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), and to clarify their role in...
OBJECTIVES
To explore the changes in gut microbiota and levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), and to clarify their role in CMPA.
METHODS
A total of 25 infants diagnosed with CMPA at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from August 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled as the CMPA group, and 25 healthy infants were selected as the control group. Fecal samples (200 mg) were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the changes in gut microbial composition and metabolites. Microbial diversity was analyzed in conjunction with metabolites.
RESULTS
Compared to the control group, the CMPA group showed altered gut microbial structure and significantly increased α-diversity (<0.001). The abundance of , and was significantly decreased, while the abundance of and was significantly increased in the CMPA group compared to the control group (<0.001). Metabolomic analysis revealed reduced levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid in the CMPA group compared to the control group, and the levels of the metabolites were positively correlated with the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria such as and (<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
CMPA infants have alterations in gut microbial structure, increased microbial diversity, and decreased levels of SCFA, which may contribute to increased intestinal inflammation.
Topics: Infant; Child; Female; Animals; Cattle; Humans; Milk Hypersensitivity; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Milk Proteins
PubMed: 38557374
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2308007 -
Microbial Genomics Mar 2024has been isolated from diseased cats and horses, but to date only a single fully assembled genome of this species, of an isolate from a horse, has been characterized....
has been isolated from diseased cats and horses, but to date only a single fully assembled genome of this species, of an isolate from a horse, has been characterized. This study aimed to characterize and compare the completely assembled genomes of four clinical isolates of from three domestic cats, assembled with the aid of short- and long-read sequencing methods. The completed genomes encoded a median of 759 ORFs (range 743-777) and had a median average nucleotide identity of 98.2 % with the genome of the available equid origin reference strain. Comparative genomic analysis revealed the occurrence of multiple horizontal gene transfer events and significant genome reassortment. This had resulted in the acquisition or loss of numerous genes within the Australian felid isolate genomes, encoding putative proteins involved in DNA transfer, metabolism, DNA replication, host cell interaction and restriction modification systems. Additionally, a novel mycoplasma phage was detected in one Australian felid isolate by genomic analysis and visualized using cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This study has highlighted the complex genomic dynamics in different host environments. Furthermore, the sequences obtained in this work will enable the development of new diagnostic tools, and identification of future infection control and treatment options for the respiratory disease complex in cats.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Horses; Australia; Genomics; Mycoplasma; Felis; Bacteriophages
PubMed: 38546735
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001227 -
Viruses Feb 2024The role of Influenza D virus (IDV) in bovine respiratory disease remains unclear. An in vivo experiment resulted in increased clinical signs, lesions, and pathogen...
The role of Influenza D virus (IDV) in bovine respiratory disease remains unclear. An in vivo experiment resulted in increased clinical signs, lesions, and pathogen replication in calves co-infected with IDV and (. ), compared to single-infected calves. The present study aimed to elucidate the host-pathogen interactions and profile the kinetics of lipid mediators in the airways of these calves. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected at 2 days post-infection (dpi) were used for proteomic analyses by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, lipidomic analyses were performed by LC-MS/MS on BAL samples collected at 2, 7 and 14 dpi. Whereas induced the expression of proteins involved in fibrin formation, IDV co-infection counteracted this coagulation mechanism and downregulated other acute-phase response proteins, such as complement component 4 (C4) and plasminogen (PLG). The reduced inflammatory response against likely resulted in increased replication and delayed clearance, which led to a significantly increased abundance of oxylipids in co-infected calves. The identified induced oxylipids mainly derived from arachidonic acid; were likely oxidized by COX-1, COX-2, and LOX-5; and peaked at 7 dpi. This paper presents the first characterization of BAL proteome and lipid mediator kinetics in response to IDV and infection in cattle and raises hypotheses regarding how IDV acts as a co-pathogen in bovine respiratory disease.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mycoplasma bovis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Deltainfluenzavirus; Chromatography, Liquid; Lipidomics; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Cattle Diseases; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Lipids
PubMed: 38543727
DOI: 10.3390/v16030361 -
Poultry Science May 2024Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a highly contagious avian respiratory pathogen characterized by rapid spread, widespread distribution, and long-term persistence of...
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a highly contagious avian respiratory pathogen characterized by rapid spread, widespread distribution, and long-term persistence of infection. Previous studies have shown that chicken macrophage HD11 cells play a critical role in the replication and immunomodulation of MG. Macrophages are multifunctional immunomodulatory cells that polarize into different functions and morphologies in response to exogenous stimuli. However, the effect of MG infection on HD11 polarization is not well understood. In this study, we observed a time-dependent increase in both the expression of the MG-related virulence protein pMGA1.2 and the copy number of MG upon MG infection. Polarization studies revealed an upregulation of M1-type marker genes in MG-infected HD11 cells, suggesting that MG mainly induces HD11 macrophages towards M1-type polarization. Furthermore, MG activated the inflammatory vesicle NLRP3 signaling pathway, and NLRP3 inhibitors affected the expression of M1 and M2 marker genes, indicating the crucial regulatory role of the NLRP3 signaling pathway in MG-induced polarization of HD11 macrophages. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of MG infection, namely the polarization of MG-infected HD11 macrophages. This discovery suggests that altering the macrophage phenotype to inhibit MG infection may be an effective control strategy. These findings provide new perspectives on the pathogenic mechanism and control measures of MG.
Topics: Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Animals; Macrophages; Chickens; Poultry Diseases; Mycoplasma Infections; Cell Line
PubMed: 38537405
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103652 -
BMC Veterinary Research Mar 2024Hemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas are bacteria that attach to the erythrocyte surface and cause bovine hemoplasmosis. Two species, Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus...
BACKGROUND
Hemotropic mycoplasmas or hemoplasmas are bacteria that attach to the erythrocyte surface and cause bovine hemoplasmosis. Two species, Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, have been identified and shown to be distributed worldwide. However, there is currently no information available on hemoplasmas in cattle in the Republic of Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hemoplasmas in Korean native cattle and to evaluate the association between hemoplasma infection and anemia.
METHODS
One farm was selected, at which blood samples were collected from 104 Korean native cattle [grazing cattle (n = 89) and housed cattle (n = 15)]. Hemoplasmas were detected via polymerase chain reaction analysis and complete blood counts were also performed.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of hemoplasmas was 34% (35/104); 20.2% (21/104) for M. wenyonii, 3.8% (4/104) for C. M. haemobos, and 9.6% (10/104) for co-infection. Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos was detected only in grazing cattle. Of red blood cell (RBC) parameters, C. M. haemobos-infected cattle had lower RBC and hematocrit, and higher mean cell volume than hemoplasma-negative cattle, although none of these differences were statistically significant. This is the first study to report the occurrence of M. wenyonii and C. M. haemobos. Mycoplasma wenyonii is more prevalent than C. M. haemobos in Korean native cattle. The results did not show an association between hemoplasma infection and anemia.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering the infection rate of hemoplasmas shown in this study, further studies, such as on the pathogenicity and clinical significance of hemoplasmas are necessary.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Mycoplasma Infections; Cattle Diseases; Mycoplasma; Anemia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38532391
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03976-2 -
The Journal of International Medical... Mar 2024Acute respiratory infections are a major global public health concern. However, there are few epidemiological studies investigating pathogens associated with respiratory...
OBJECTIVE
Acute respiratory infections are a major global public health concern. However, there are few epidemiological studies investigating pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections in Guizhou Province, China.
METHODS
We collected 17,850 blood samples from Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital between November 2018 and May 2023 to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens and their spread during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Guizhou Province.
RESULTS
We identified influenza virus and as the predominant pathogens involved in acute respiratory infections in the study area. Immunoglobulin M positivity for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and showed a strong correlation with the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia. Seasonal epidemic patterns were observed for influenza A and B viruses. Following the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, there was a significant decrease in the positive rates for most respiratory pathogens, particularly influenza A and B, , and respiratory syncytial virus.
CONCLUSION
This retrospective study contributes to the epidemiological evidence regarding respiratory pathogens in Guizhou Province, thereby enhancing the surveillance network for respiratory pathogens in China and providing valuable guidance for local hospitals.
Topics: Humans; Influenza, Human; SARS-CoV-2; Retrospective Studies; COVID-19; Respiratory Tract Infections; China; Mycoplasma pneumoniae
PubMed: 38520253
DOI: 10.1177/03000605241236050 -
ACS Synthetic Biology Apr 2024Mycoplasmas are atypical bacteria with small genomes that necessitate colonization of their respective animal or plant hosts as obligate parasites, whether as pathogens,...
Mycoplasmas are atypical bacteria with small genomes that necessitate colonization of their respective animal or plant hosts as obligate parasites, whether as pathogens, or commensals. Some can grow axenically in specialized complex media yet show only host-cell-dependent growth in cell culture, where they can survive chronically and often through interactions involving surface colonization or internalization. To develop a mycoplasma-based system to identify genes mediating such interactions, we exploited genetically tractable strains of the goat pathogen () with synthetic designer genomes representing the complete natural organism (minus virulence factors; JCVI-syn1.0) or its reduced counterpart (JCVI-syn3B) containing only those genes supporting axenic growth. By measuring growth of surviving organisms, physical association with cultured human cells (HEK-293T, HeLa), and induction of phagocytosis by human myeloid cells (dHL-60), we determined that JCVI-syn1.0 contained a set of eight genes ( to , dispensable for axenic growth) conferring survival, attachment, and phagocytosis phenotypes. JCVI-syn3B lacked these phenotypes, but insertion of these genes restored cell attachment and phagocytosis, although not survival. These results indicate that JCVI-syn3B may be a powerful living platform to analyze the role of specific gene sets, from any organism, on the interaction with diverse mammalian cells in culture.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma mycoides; HeLa Cells; Mammals
PubMed: 38507598
DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00513