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Veterinary Microbiology Apr 2024The antimicrobial tylosin is commonly used to control mycoplasma infections, sometimes in combination with vaccination. However, the efficacy of a live mycoplasma...
The antimicrobial tylosin is commonly used to control mycoplasma infections, sometimes in combination with vaccination. However, the efficacy of a live mycoplasma vaccine, when combined with subsequent antimicrobial treatment, against the effects of subsequent infection with a virulent strain is unknown. This study employed differential gene expression analysis to evaluate the effects of tylosin on the protection provided by the live attenuated Vaxsafe MG ts-304 vaccine, which has been shown to be safe and to provide long-term protective immunity against infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The transcriptional profiles of the tracheal mucosa revealed significantly enhanced inflammation, immune cell proliferation and adaptive immune responses in unvaccinated, untreated birds and in unvaccinated birds treated with tylosin 2 weeks after infection with virulent M. gallisepticum. These responses, indicative of the typical immune dysregulation caused by infection with M. gallisepticum, were less severe in the unvaccinated, tylosin-treated birds than in the unvaccinated, untreated birds. This was attributable to the effect of residual levels of tylosin in the tracheal mucosa on replication of virulent M. gallisepticum. These responses were not detected in vaccinated, tylosin-treated birds or in vaccinated, untreated birds after infection. The tracheal mucosal transcriptional profiles of these birds resembled those of unvaccinated, untreated, uninfected birds, suggesting a rapid and protective secondary immune response and effective vaccination. Overall, these results show that, although tylosin treatment reduced the duration of immunity, the initial protective immunity induced by Vaxsafe MG ts-304 lasted for at least 22 weeks after vaccination, even after the administration of tylosin for 16 weeks following vaccination.
Topics: Animals; Tylosin; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; Bacterial Vaccines; Chickens; Poultry Diseases; Mycoplasma Infections; Vaccines, Attenuated; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38364466
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110029 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Feb 2024BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) of (MG) is a growing concern worldwide and surveillance is needed. In Belgium, samples are sent to the National Reference...
BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) of (MG) is a growing concern worldwide and surveillance is needed. In Belgium, samples are sent to the National Reference Centre of Sexually Transmitted Infections (NRC-STI) on a voluntary basis and representative or robust national AMR data are lacking.AimWe aimed to estimate the occurrence of resistant MG in Belgium.MethodsBetween July and November 2022, frozen remnants of MG-positive samples from 21 Belgian laboratories were analysed at the NRC-STI. Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were assessed using Sanger sequencing of the 23SrRNA and gene. Differences in resistance patterns were correlated with surveillance methodology, socio-demographic and behavioural variables via Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 244 MG-positive samples received, 232 could be sequenced for macrolide and fluoroquinolone RAMs. Over half of the sequenced samples (55.2%) were resistant to macrolides. All sequenced samples from men who have sex with men (MSM) (24/24) were macrolide-resistant. Fluoroquinolone RAMs were found in 25.9% of the samples and occurrence did not differ between socio-demographic and sexual behaviour characteristics.ConclusionAlthough limited in sample size, our data suggest no additional benefit of testing MG retrieved from MSM for macrolide resistance in Belgium, when making treatment decisions. The lower occurrence of macrolide resistance in other population groups, combined with emergence of fluoroquinolone RAMs support macrolide-resistance testing in these groups. Continued surveillance of resistance in MG in different population groups will be crucial to confirm our findings and to guide national testing and treatment strategies.
Topics: Male; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Homosexuality, Male; Mycoplasma genitalium; Belgium; Macrolides; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Mycoplasma Infections; Mutation; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Fluoroquinolones; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 38362626
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.7.2300318 -
Veterinary Research Feb 2024A positive Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae PCR result in a clinical specimen may eventually represent the mere detection of non-viable bacteria, complicating the diagnostic...
A positive Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae PCR result in a clinical specimen may eventually represent the mere detection of non-viable bacteria, complicating the diagnostic interpretation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the PCR detection of non-viable M. hyopneumoniae and its residual cell-free DNA in live pigs. Pigs were inoculated with either active or inactivated M. hyopneumoniae and were sampled for up to 14 days. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was not detected by PCR at any timepoint in pigs inoculated with the inactivated bacterium, suggesting that in healthy pigs, the non-viable M. hyopneumoniae DNA was rapidly sensed and cleared.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal; Respiratory System; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 38360700
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01273-2 -
Epidemiology and Infection Feb 2024We report an outbreak of confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hospital, France, from 14 November 2023 to 31 January 2024. All 13 inpatients (11 adults with...
We report an outbreak of confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hospital, France, from 14 November 2023 to 31 January 2024. All 13 inpatients (11 adults with a mean age of 45.5 years and 2 children) were diagnosed with positive serology and/or positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory specimens. All patients were immunocompetent and required oxygen support with a mean duration of oxygen support of 6.2 days. Two patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) but were not mechanically ventilated. Patients were treated with macrolides (n = 12, 92.3%) with recovery in all cases. No significant epidemiological link was reported in these patients.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Community-Acquired Infections; Hospitals; Oxygen; France; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38356388
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000281 -
The Lancet. Microbe Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 38342111
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00406-8 -
Genome Jun 2024is a worldwide economically important pathogen of cattle that can cause or indirectly contribute to bovine respiratory disease. is also a primary etiological agent of...
is a worldwide economically important pathogen of cattle that can cause or indirectly contribute to bovine respiratory disease. is also a primary etiological agent of respiratory disease in bison with high mortality rates. A major challenge in the development of an efficacious vaccine is the design of antigens that contain both MHC-1 and MHC-2 T-cell epitopes, and that account for population level diversity within the species. Publicly available genomes and sequence read archive libraries of 381 strains isolated from cattle ( = 202) and bison ( = 179) in North America were used to identify a core genome of 575 genes, including 38 that encode either known or predicted secreted or outer membrane proteins. The antigenic potentials of the proteins were characterized by the presence and strength of their T-cell epitopes, and their protein variant diversity at the population-level. The proteins had surprisingly low diversity and varying predictive levels of T-cell antigenicity. These results provide a reference for the selection or design of antigens for vaccine testing against strains infecting North American cattle and bison.
Topics: Animals; Bison; Cattle; North America; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Genetic Variation; Mycoplasma bovis; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Genome, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 38330385
DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0084 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Portugal; Tertiary Care Centers; Female; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma Infections; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Male; Adult; Time Factors; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38307165
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.03.018 -
Veterinary Microbiology Mar 2024Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) and M. hyosynoviae (Mhs) are commensal organisms of the upper respiratory tract and tonsils but may also cause arthritis in pigs. In this...
Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) and M. hyosynoviae (Mhs) are commensal organisms of the upper respiratory tract and tonsils but may also cause arthritis in pigs. In this study, 8-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs (n = 30; 3 groups, 10 pigs per group, 2 pigs per pen) were inoculated with Mhr, Mhs, or mock-inoculated with culture medium and then pen-based oral fluids were collected at different time points over the 56 days of the experimental study. Oral fluids tested by Mhr and Mhs quantitative real-time PCRs revealed Mhr DNA between day post inoculation (DPI) 5-52 and Mhs DNA between DPI 5-15. Oral fluids were likewise tested for antibody using isotype-specific (IgG, IgA, IgM) indirect ELISAs based on a recombinant chimeric polypeptide of variable lipoproteins (A-G) for Mhr and Tween 20-extracted surface proteins for Mhs. Mhr IgA was detected at DPI 7 and, relative to the control group, significant (p < 0.05) antibody responses were detected in the Mhr group between DPI 12-15 for IgM and DPI 36-56 for both IgA and IgG. In the Mhs group, IgM was detected at DPI 10 and significant (p < 0.05) IgG and IgA responses were detected at DPI 32-56 and DPI 44-56, respectively. This study demonstrated that oral fluid could serve as an effective and convenient antemortem sample for monitoring Mhr and Mhs in swine populations.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Mycoplasma hyorhinis; Swine Diseases; Mycoplasma Infections; Antibody Formation; Bacterial Shedding; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulin A; DNA; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 38280306
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109999 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Jan 2024is an important cause of pneumonia and extra-pulmonary manifestations. We observed a rise in admissions due to infections starting October 2023 in a regional hospital...
is an important cause of pneumonia and extra-pulmonary manifestations. We observed a rise in admissions due to infections starting October 2023 in a regional hospital in the Netherlands and an increased incidence in national surveillance data. The incidence in the Netherlands has not been that high since 2011. The patients had a lower median age compared with 2019 and 2020 (28 vs 40 years). should be considered in patients with respiratory symptoms, especially children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adult; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Netherlands; Incidence; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Hospitals
PubMed: 38275014
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.4.2300724 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Jan 2024To study the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) combined with prone positioning in children with pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis and its effect on pulmonary... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To study the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) combined with prone positioning in children with pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis and its effect on pulmonary function.
METHODS
A prospective study was conducted on 94 children with MPP and atelectasis who were hospitalized in Ordos Central Hospital of Inner Mongolia from November 2020 to May 2023. The children were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 47 children in each group. The children in the treatment group were given conventional treatment, BAL, and prone positioning, and those in the control group were given conventional treatment and BAL. The two groups were compared in terms of fever, pulmonary signs, length of hospital stay, lung recruitment, and improvement in pulmonary function.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly shorter time to improvement in pulmonary signs and length of hospital stay and a significantly higher rate of lung recruitment on day 7 of hospitalization, on the day of discharge, and at 1 week after discharge (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly higher levels of forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of the predicted value, forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second as a percentage of the predicted value, ratio of FEV in 1 second to FVC, forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value, forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC as a percentage of the predicted value, and maximal mid-expiratory flow as a percentage of the predicted value on the day of discharge and at 1 week after discharge (<0.05). There was no significant difference in the time for body temperature to return to normal between the two groups (>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In the treatment of children with MPP and atelectasis, BAL combined with prone positioning can help to shorten the time to improvement in pulmonary signs and the length of hospital stay and promote lung recruitment and improvement in pulmonary function.
Topics: Child; Humans; Prospective Studies; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Prone Position; Pulmonary Atelectasis; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Dimercaprol
PubMed: 38269456
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2308013