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Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023
PubMed: 38371586
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_709_23 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023
PubMed: 38371579
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_575_23 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with unknown etiopathogenesis. Oxidant and antioxidant balance is important for cell function and...
BACKGROUND
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with unknown etiopathogenesis. Oxidant and antioxidant balance is important for cell function and normal metabolism. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress. A recent focus has been on thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a novel marker of oxidative stress.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in MF by analysing thiol/disulphide homeostasis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 103 patients (48 female, 55 male) and a control group of 120 healthy individuals (48 female, 72 male) from two tertiary care hospitals were included in our study. Serum native thiol, total thiol and disulphide levels were evaluated using novel method developed by Erel and Neeliolu.
RESULTS
Native thiol levels were 340.30 ± 87.44 in the patient group and 401.62 ± 69.45 in the control group. Total thiol value was 374.17 ± 87.78 in the patient group and 428.54 ± 70.05 in the control group. Native thiol and total thiol levels were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group ( < 0.001 and < 0.001). The disulphide value was 16.93 ± 6.46 in the patient group and 13.46 ± 5.06 in the control group. Disulphide levels were found to be significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, thiol/disulphide balance shifted towards disulphide which indicates the presence of oxidative stress especially in the early stage while 93.2% of our patients had early-stage MF. We think that this may have pathogenetic and prognostic significance.
PubMed: 38371553
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_339_23 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Jan 2024Dermatoscopy is a frequently used non-invasive diagnostic procedure.
INTRODUCTION
Dermatoscopy is a frequently used non-invasive diagnostic procedure.
OBJECTIVES
Considering that mycosis fungoides (MF) mimics parapsoriasis clinically in early stages, we aim to determine the dermatoscopic criteria and the histopathological correlations in patients with MF and small plaque parapsoriasis (SPP).
METHODS
This prospective study involved 28 patients with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of MF and 31 patients with SPP. Videodermoscopy and USB capillaroscope were used to evaluate the patients vessels at ×200 magnification. Vascularity was evaluated through microvascular density (MVD) scoring involving CD34 antibody staining.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine patients were included in this study. The scores corresponding to the presence of short linear vessels, linear-curved vessels, branching linear vessels, and non- structured orange-colored areas were significantly higher in the MF patients than in the SPP patients (P < 0.05). The highest MVD (P = 0.01) scores were also higher in the MF patients than in the SPP patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The SPP and early-stage MF patients differed in their MVD scores, and the findings correlated with the dermatoscopy and lesional capillaroscopy findings. Differentiating features between SPP and MF were thus identified.
PubMed: 38364405
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1401a63 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Feb 2024The underlying mechanisms mycosis fungoides (MF)-related pruritus remain unclear, and the link between pruritus and systemic inflammation in MF is unexplored. We aimed...
The underlying mechanisms mycosis fungoides (MF)-related pruritus remain unclear, and the link between pruritus and systemic inflammation in MF is unexplored. We aimed to investigate systemic inflammation in MF patients and its potential connection to pruritus. In this retrospective study, demographic characteristics, MF stage, clinical and laboratory findings, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) were assessed for all participants. Additionally, mSWAT scores, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and pruritus presence and intensity via Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scoring were recorded for MF patients. A total of 81 patients with early-stage MF and 50 controls were enrolled. Itching was present in 41 patients (50.6%). NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI and CRP values in the MF group were significantly higher. CRP, NLR, mSWAT and DLQI score were significantly higher in MF patients with pruritus than those without. Pruritus was positively correlated with DLQI, mSWAT, CRP, NLR, MLR and SIRI. VAS score was positively correlated with eosinophil count and DLQI. In the multivariate logistic regression model, only NLR was an independent and significant associate of pruritus in patients with MF. This study provides evidence of enhanced systemic inflammation in early-stage MF patients. Additionally, the correlation between pruritus with mSWAT scores and systemic inflammation parameters suggests a potential link between pruritus and the inflammatory milieu in MF.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Mycosis Fungoides; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; Pruritus; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 38332520
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18125 -
Oncotarget Feb 2024GZ17-6.02, composed of curcumin, harmine and isovanillin, has undergone phase I evaluation in patients with solid tumors (NCT03775525) with an RP2D of 375 mg PO BID. The...
GZ17-6.02, composed of curcumin, harmine and isovanillin, has undergone phase I evaluation in patients with solid tumors (NCT03775525) with an RP2D of 375 mg PO BID. The biology of GZ17-6.02 in malignant T cells and in particular those derived from mycosis fungoides (MF) patients, has not been studied. GZ17-6.02 alone and in combination with standard-of-care agents was effective in killing MF cells. All three components are necessary for optimal killing of MF cells. GZ17-6.02 activated ATM, the AMPK, NFκB and PERK and inactivated ERK1/2, AKT, ULK1, mTORC1, eIF2α, and reduced the expression of BCL-XL and MCL1. GZ17-6.02 increased ATG13 S318 phosphorylation and the expression of Beclin1, ATG5, BAK and BIM. GZ17-6.02 in a dose-dependent fashion enhanced autophagosome formation and autophagic flux, and tumor cell killing. Signaling by ATM and AMPK were both required for efficient killing but not for the dose-response effect whereas ER stress (eIF2α) and macroautophagy (Beclin1, ATG5) were required for both efficient killing and the dose-response. Knock down of the death receptor CD95 reduced killing by ~20% and interacted with autophagy inhibition to further reduce killing, collectively, by ~70%. Inhibition of autophagy and knock down of death-mediators downstream of the mitochondrion, AIF and caspase 3, almost abolished tumor cell killing. Hence in MF cells, GZ17-6.02 is a multi-factorial killer, utilizing ER stress, macroautophagy, death receptor signaling and directly causing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Topics: Humans; Bexarotene; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Beclin-1; Antineoplastic Agents; Mycosis Fungoides; Skin Neoplasms; Receptors, Death Domain
PubMed: 38329728
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28557 -
Cureus Jan 2024pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it may develop in patients without HIV, whose immune...
pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but it may develop in patients without HIV, whose immune system is suppressed by anticancer or immunosuppressive agents even when indicating normal counts of CD4+ T cells. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, which is believed not to cause immunosuppressive conditions unless it develops leukosis or metastasis or is treated with anticancer drugs or systemic immunosuppressants. Here, we report a case of PCP in a patient with localized MF not receiving immunosuppressive treatment. The patient, a woman in her 70s, presented with persistent dyspnea. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was positive for . Moreover, the cytomegalovirus antigenemia test was positive, whereas tests for anti-HIV and antihuman T-cell lymphotropic virus antibodies were negative. The patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, prednisolone, and ganciclovir, which gradually improved the symptoms and diminished diffuse ground-glass opacities on HRCT. This case exemplifies a rare presentation of PCP with mild MF that was not treated with chemotherapy or immunosuppressants. The possible mechanisms for the development of PCP are discussed.
PubMed: 38318593
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51724 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023Maintenance treatment can be recommended for patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) whose disease responds to primary treatment. While positive outcomes have been observed...
Maintenance treatment can be recommended for patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) whose disease responds to primary treatment. While positive outcomes have been observed in small studies with maintenance therapy, there is a lack of practical guidelines and agreement on when and how maintenance therapy for MF should be approached. In this article, we discuss expert opinions and clinical experiences on the topic of maintenance therapy for patients with MF, with a focus on chlormethine gel. Ideally, patients should have a durable response before initiating maintenance therapy. The definition of and required duration of durable response are topics that are open to debate and currently have no consensus. Chlormethine gel has several attributes that make it suitable for maintenance therapy; it can be easily applied at home, can be combined with other treatment options for maintenance, and has a manageable safety profile. Chlormethine gel as maintenance therapy can be applied at decreasing frequencies after active treatment with chlormethine gel or other therapies until the minimally effective dose is reached. Patients generally tend to adhere well to chlormethine gel maintenance regimens and may remain on treatment for several years. The experiences described here may be useful for clinicians when deciding on maintenance treatment regimens for their patients. Development of guidelines based on clinical trial outcomes will be important to ensure the most effective maintenance treatment strategies are used for patients with MF.
PubMed: 38304309
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1298988 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jan 2024Mycosis fungoides is the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, whereas generalized erythroderma is rare. In this report, we describe a case of mycosis fungoides...
BACKGROUND
Mycosis fungoides is the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, whereas generalized erythroderma is rare. In this report, we describe a case of mycosis fungoides with generalized erythroderma using complete clinical data and [18F]fluoroDglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) images.
CASE SUMMARY
Systemic skin redness with desquamation for three years confirmed mycosis fungoides within one month. The patient underwent left axillary lymphadenectomy biopsy; pathological biopsy suggested abnormal T-cell lesions consistent with mycosis fungoides involving lymph nodes. The patient received methotrexate, 5 mg twice weekly, as part of their chemotherapy regimen. Patients January half after discharge, no obvious cause of high fever, left axillary lymph nodes with red heat pain, and rupture entered our hospital for treatment.
CONCLUSION
The 18F-FDG PET/CT is essential for early diagnosis and timely treatment.
PubMed: 38292631
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i1.130 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2024Mogamulizumab is a first-in-class IgG1k monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the chemokine receptor type 4. The drug has received Food and Drug administration... (Review)
Review
Mogamulizumab is a first-in-class IgG1k monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the chemokine receptor type 4. The drug has received Food and Drug administration authorisation for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome following failure of at least one previous course of systemic therapy and now is available in Europe. One of the most common treatment-related side effects observed has been the mogamulizumab-associated rash (MAR), which affects up to a quarter of patients and is the most frequent adverse event leading to drug discontinuation. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of the literature on patients diagnosed with MAR and other mogamulizumab-related cutaneous events to describe the clinical and histological characteristics, the management in clinical practice and to assess whether these events have prognostic implications. In total, 2073 records were initially identified through a literature search, 843 of which were duplicates. After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, 49 articles reporting mogamulizumab-associated cutaneous events were included. Totally, 1516 patients were retrieved, with a slight male prevalence as for the available data (639 males and 570 females, i.e. 52.9% vs. 47.1%). Regarding the reported clinicopathological findings of the cutaneous reactions, the five most common patterns were spongiotic/psoriasiform dermatitis (22%), eruptions characterized by the presence of papules and/or plaques (16.1%), cutaneous granulomatosis (11.4%), morbilliform or erythrodermic dermatitis (9.4%) and photodermatitis (7.1%). Our results highlight how the majority of the reported cutaneous adverse events on mogamulizumab are of mild-to-moderate entity and generally manageable in clinical practice, though prompt recognition is essential and case-by-case assessment should be recommended. Future research will need to focus on the MAR prognostic implications and to identify genomic and molecular markers for a more rapid and accurate diagnosis.
PubMed: 38279614
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19801