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Nutrients Jun 2024Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the plasma of pregnant women with hyperglycemia, potentially inducing oxidative stress and fetal developmental...
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the plasma of pregnant women with hyperglycemia, potentially inducing oxidative stress and fetal developmental abnormalities. Although intrauterine hyperglycemia has been implicated in excessive fetal growth, the effects of maternal AGEs on fetal development remain unclear. We evaluated the differentiation regulators and cellular signaling in the skeletal muscles of infants born to control mothers (ICM), diabetic mothers (IDM), and diabetic mothers supplemented with either cis-palmitoleic acid (CPA) or trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species levels, and myotube formation were assessed in AGE-exposed C2C12 cells to explore potential mitigation by CPA and TPA. Elevated receptors for AGE expression and decreased Akt and AMPK phosphorylation were evident in rat skeletal muscles in IDM. Maternal palmitoleic acid supplementation alleviated insulin resistance by downregulating RAGE expression and enhancing Akt phosphorylation. The exposure of the C2C12 cells to AGEs reduced cell viability and myotube formation and elevated reactive oxygen species levels, which were attenuated by CPA or TPA supplementation. This suggests that maternal hyperglycemia and plasma AGEs may contribute to skeletal muscle disorders in offspring, which are mitigated by palmitoleic acid supplementation. Hence, the maternal intake of palmitoleic acid during pregnancy may have implications for fetal health.
Topics: Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Female; Animals; Pregnancy; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; Rats; Muscle, Skeletal; Reactive Oxygen Species; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Mice; Dietary Supplements; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Oxidative Stress; Insulin Resistance; Humans; Phosphorylation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Male; Fetal Development
PubMed: 38931253
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121898 -
Nutrients Jun 2024It is a common belief amongst strength and power athletes that nutritional supplementation strategies aid recovery by shifting the anabolic/catabolic profile toward... (Review)
Review
It is a common belief amongst strength and power athletes that nutritional supplementation strategies aid recovery by shifting the anabolic/catabolic profile toward anabolism. Factors such as nutrient quantity, nutrient quality, and nutrient timing significantly impact upon the effectiveness of nutritional strategies in optimizing the acute responses to resistance exercise and the adaptive response to resistance training (i.e., muscle growth and strength expression). Specifically, the aim of this review is to address carbohydrates (CHOs), protein (PRO), and/or amino acids (AAs) supplementation strategies, as there is growing evidence suggesting a link between nutrient signaling and the initiation of protein synthesis, muscle glycogen resynthesis, and the attenuation of myofibrillar protein degradation following resistance exercise. Collectively, the current scientific literature indicates that nutritional supplementation strategies utilizing CHO, PRO, and/or AA represents an important approach aimed at enhancing muscular responses for strength and power athletes, primarily increased muscular hypertrophy and enhanced strength expression. There appears to be a critical interaction between resistance exercise and nutrient-cell signaling associated with the principle of nutrient timing (i.e., pre-exercise, during, and post-exercise). Recommendations for nutritional supplementation strategies to promote muscular responses for strength and athletes are provided.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Carbohydrates; Resistance Training; Amino Acids; Athletes; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscle Strength; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 38931241
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121886 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024Cefazolin may minimize the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Cefazolin dosing...
Cefazolin may minimize the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Cefazolin dosing recommendations vary and there is limited evidence for achieved tissue concentrations. We performed a randomized, controlled, prospective pharmacokinetic pilot study of 12 patients given cefazolin by either intermittent bolus (30 mg/kg every 3 h) or continuous infusion (30 mg/kg bolus followed by 10/mg/kg per hour) during PSF for AIS. Patients were well matched for demographic and perioperative variables. While total drug exposure, measured as area-under-the-curve (AUC), was similar in plasma for bolus and infusion dosing, infusion dosing achieved greater cefazolin exposure in subcutaneous and muscle tissue. Using the pharmacodynamic metric of time spent above minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), both bolus and infusion dosing performed well. However, when targeting a bactericidal concentration of 32 µg/mL, patients in the bolus group spent a median of 1/5 and 1/3 of the typical 6 h operative time below target in subcutaneous and muscle tissue, respectively. We conclude that intraoperative determination of cefazolin tissue concentrations is feasible and both bolus and infusion dosing of cefazolin achieve concentrations in excess of typical MICs. Infusion dosing appears to more consistently achieve bactericidal concentrations in subcutaneous and muscle tissues.
PubMed: 38930053
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123524 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that lead to abnormal movements and postures; it has a major impact on...
: Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that lead to abnormal movements and postures; it has a major impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to examine the HRQoL of Romanian patients with dystonia using the EQ-5D-5L instrument. : Responses to the EQ-5D-5L and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were collected alongside demographic and clinical characteristics. Health profiles were analyzed via the metrics of the EQ-5D-5L, severity levels, and age groups. Using Shannon's indexes, we calculated informativity both for patients' health profile as a whole and each individual dimension. Level sum scores (LSS) of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores from the EQ-5D-5L index and VAS. The HRQoL measures were analyzed through demographic and clinical characteristics. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U or Kruskall-Wallis H) were used. The level of agreement between HRQoL measures was assessed using their intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. : A sample of 90 patients was used, around 75.6% of whom were female patients, and the mean age at the beginning of the survey was 58.7 years. The proportion of patients reporting "no problems" in all five dimensions was 10%. The highest frequency reported was "no problems" in self-care (66%), followed by "no problems" in mobility (41%). Shannon index and Shannon evenness index values showed higher informativity for pain/discomfort (2.07 and 0.89, respectively) and minimal informativity for self-care (1.59 and 0.68, respectively). The mean EQ-5D-5L index, LSS, and VAS scores were 0.74 (SD = 0.26), 0.70 (SD = 0.24), and 0.61 (SD = 0.21), respectively. The Spearman correlations between HRQoL measures were higher than 0.60. The agreement between the EQ-5D-5L index and LSS values was excellent (ICC = 0.970, 95% CI = 0.934-0.984); the agreement was poor-to-good between the EQ-5D-5L index and VAS scores (ICC = 683, 95% CI = 0.388-0.820), and moderate-to-good between the LSS and VAS scores (ICC = 0.789, 95% CI = 0.593-0.862). : Our results support the utilization of the EQ-5D-5L instrument in assessing the HRQoL of dystonia patients, and empirical results suggest that the EQ-5D-5L index and LSS measure may be used interchangeably. The findings from this study highlight that HRQoL is complex in patients with dystonia, particularly across different age groups.
PubMed: 38929932
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123403 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine May 2024Age-related sleep disorders share common pathways with sarcopenia. Prospective data from Latin American populations are scarce, and the association between sleep...
Age-related sleep disorders share common pathways with sarcopenia. Prospective data from Latin American populations are scarce, and the association between sleep disorders and sarcopenia in Chileans remains unknown. Thus, we aimed to study the longitudinal association between sleep disorders and sarcopenia in a cohort study of 1116 community-dwelling Chilean older people ≥60 years old from the ALEXANDROS cohorts. After the exclusion criteria, 318 subjects were followed. Sociodemographic data, self-reported chronic diseases, sedentarism, sleep characteristics, anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, and muscle performance were assessed. Results indicated that at baseline, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 24.10% without gender differences, and the prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was 23.3%, higher in women (26.46% versus 17.15% in men). The adjusted Cox regression models for sarcopenia showed an association between sarcopenia, sleep disorders (HR = 2.08, 95% IC 1.14-3.80), and long sleep duration (HR = 2.42, 95% IC 1.20-4.91). After 8.24 years of follow-up, there were 2.2 cases of sarcopenia per 100 person-years. This study demonstrates that sleep disorders are an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in Chilean older people. The identification of sleep disorders through self-reported data provides an opportunity for early identification of risk and cost-effective sarcopenia prevention.
PubMed: 38929799
DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060578 -
Serum Endocan Is a Risk Factor for Aortic Stiffness in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2024: Endocan, secreted from the activated endothelium, is a key player in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and...
: Endocan, secreted from the activated endothelium, is a key player in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and angiogenesis. We aimed to investigate the link between endocan and aortic stiffness in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. : After recruiting HD patients from a medical center, their baseline characteristics, blood sample, and anthropometry were assessed and recorded. The serum endocan level was determined using an enzyme immunoassay kit, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurement was used to evaluate aortic stiffness. : A total of 122 HD patients were enrolled. Aortic stiffness was diagnosed in 53 patients (43.4%), who were found to be older ( = 0.007) and have a higher prevalence of diabetes ( < 0.001) and hypertension ( = 0.030), higher systolic blood pressure ( = 0.011), and higher endocan levels ( < 0.001), when compared with their counterparts. On the multivariate logistic regression model, the development of aortic stiffness in patients on chronic HD was found to be associated with endocan [odds ratio (OR): 1.566, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.224-2.002, < 0.001], age (OR: 1.040, 95% CI: 1.001-1.080, = 0.045), and diabetes (OR: 4.067, 95% CI: 1.532-10.798, = 0.005), after proper adjustment for confounders (adopting diabetes, hypertension, age, systolic blood pressure, and endocan). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.713 (95% CI: 0.620-0.806, < 0.001) for predicting aortic stiffness by the serum endocan level, at an optimal cutoff value of 2.68 ng/mL (64.15% sensitivity, 69.57% specificity). Upon multivariate linear regression analysis, logarithmically transformed endocan was proven as an independent predictor of cfPWV (β = 0.405, adjusted R change = 0.152; < 0.001). : The serum endocan level positively correlated with cfPWV and was an independent predictor of aortic stiffness in chronic HD patients.
Topics: Humans; Vascular Stiffness; Male; Proteoglycans; Female; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis; Risk Factors; Neoplasm Proteins; Aged; Adult; Pulse Wave Analysis; ROC Curve; Biomarkers; Logistic Models; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38929601
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060984 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jun 2024: Temporomandibular disorders or dysfunction (TMDs) encompass a range of complex conditions that impact the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), chewing muscles, teeth, and/or... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
: Temporomandibular disorders or dysfunction (TMDs) encompass a range of complex conditions that impact the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), chewing muscles, teeth, and/or their supporting tissues. Stress is one of the most associated factors studied as a TMD predictor. The aim is to figure out the influence of stress on TMJ status and salivary cortisol in university students during and before exams. : The study was non-experimental, employing a longitudinal, analytical, observational cohort design. The study population consisted of students enrolled in the physiotherapy degree program at the Alfonso X El Sabio University (Madrid, Spain). Data were collected during two distinct academic periods: the first period was characterized by low academic stress and no exams, and the second period coincided with the high academic stress of final course exams. The collected results included sociodemographic data, assessment of TMJ status (Fonseca Index), evaluation of muscle evaluation (masseter, upper trapezius, and sternocleidomastoid) using a MOXY Monitor (muscle oxygenation) and Neurotrac (surface EMG, sEMG), assessment of perceived stress (PSS-14), and measurement of salivary cortisol (enzyme immunoassay with Elisa). The statistical analysis was conducted with a confidence level of 95% ( ≤ 0.05) and asymptotic or bilateral significance. : 70 students were analyzed during two different measurement periods. According to the Fonseca Index, initially, 37.14% of the analyzed students showed mild TMDs, 17.14% moderate TMDs, and 45.72% showed no TMDs. In general terms, stress increased with age and is related to female sex, maximum mouth opening decreased with age, oxygen saturation decreased with age and academic stress, and myoglobin concentration was related to age. Furthermore, muscle contraction decreased during higher academic stress and increased with age. For women, age was a risk factor for suffering from TMDs, and stress worsened the transition from having TMDs to having no TMDs in both sexes. : Academic stress influences TMJ status and muscle outcomes such as oxygen saturation, myoglobin concentration, and muscle contraction, although more research is needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Pilot Projects; Stress, Psychological; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint; Spain; Adult; Hydrocortisone; Saliva; Young Adult; Longitudinal Studies; Students; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38929569
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060952 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024In this study, we measured the growth performance and intramuscular fat (IMF) content of the (LD) of Fuqing goats (FQs) and Nubian goats (NBYs), which exhibit extreme...
In this study, we measured the growth performance and intramuscular fat (IMF) content of the (LD) of Fuqing goats (FQs) and Nubian goats (NBYs), which exhibit extreme phenotypic differences in terms of their production and meat quality traits. RNA-Seq analysis was performed, and transcriptome data were obtained from the LD tissue of 3-month fetuses (E3), 0-month lambs (0M), 3-month lambs (3M), and 12-month lambs (12M) to reveal the differences in the molecular mechanisms regulating the muscle development and IMF deposition between FQs and NBYs. The results showed that a higher body weight and average daily gain were observed in the NBYs at three developmental stages after birth, whereas a higher IMF content was registered in the FQs at 12M. Additionally, transcriptome profiles during the embryonic period and after birth were completely different for both FQs and NBYs. Moreover, DEGs (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ) significantly enriched in the cell cycle (ko04110) at E3 (FQs vs. NBYs), and DEGs (, , , , , , , , , , , , ) significantly enriched in ribosomes (ko03010) at 0M (FQs vs. NBYs) related to myogenic differentiation and fusion were identified. Meanwhile, the differences in glucose and lipid metabolism began at the E3 timepoint and continued to strengthen as growth proceeded in FQs vs. NBYs. DEGs (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ) at 3M (FQs vs. NBYs) and 12M (FQs vs. NBYs) significantly enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway (ko04152), insulin resistance (ko04931), the insulin signaling pathway (ko04910), fatty acid metabolism (ko01212), and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (ko00010) related to IMF deposition were identified. Further, the results from this study provide the basis for future studies on the mechanisms regulating muscle development and IMF deposition in different breeds of goats, and the candidate genes identified could be used in the selection process.
PubMed: 38929389
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121770 -
Phenotypic Identification, Genetic Characterization, and Selective Signal Detection of Huitang Duck.Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024The Huitang duck (HT), a long-domesticated elite local breed from Hunan Province, China, with excellent meat quality, has not had its population genetic structure and...
The Huitang duck (HT), a long-domesticated elite local breed from Hunan Province, China, with excellent meat quality, has not had its population genetic structure and genomic selective sweeps extensively studied to date. This study measured the phenotypic characteristics of HT and conducted comparative analysis between HT and 16 different duck breeds, including wild, indigenous, and meat breeds, to characterize its population structure and genetic potential. The results revealed that HT is a dual-purpose indigenous breed with a genetic background closely related to the Youxian sheldrake and Linwu ducks. In the selective sweep analysis between HT and Linwu ducks, genes such as , and , which are associated with muscle growth and development, were identified near the 27 selection signals. The comparison between HT and Jinding ducks revealed 68 selective signals that contained important genes associated with ovarian development (, , and ) and egg-laying behaviors (). Selective sweep analysis between HT and Youxian sheldrake ducks found 93 selective regions covering genes related to both meat ( and ) and egg-production ( and ) traits. Our study may provide novel knowledge for exploring the population structure and genetic potential of HT, offering a theoretical basis for its breeding strategies in the future.
PubMed: 38929366
DOI: 10.3390/ani14121747 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is upregulated during the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. A hallmark of...
The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is upregulated during the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. A hallmark of pulmonary arterial (PA) remodeling is the excessive proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TNF-α induces PASMC proliferation and explore the potential mechanisms. PASMCs were isolated from 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with 0, 20, or 200 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 or 48 h. After treatment, cell number, superoxide production, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and histone methylation were assessed. TNF-α treatment increased NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and cell numbers compared to untreated controls. TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation was rescued by a superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol. TNF-α treatment did not affect histone acetylation at either dose but did significantly decrease DNA methylation. DNA methyltransferase 1 activity was unchanged by TNF-α treatment. Further investigation using QRT-RT-PCR revealed that GADD45-α, a potential mediator of DNA demethylation, was increased after TNF-α treatment. RNAi inhibition of GADD45-α alone increased DNA methylation. TNF-α impaired the epigenetic mechanism leading to DNA hypomethylation, which can be abolished by a superoxide scavenger tempol. TNF-α treatment also decreased H3-K4 methylation. TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation may involve the H3-K4 demethylase enzyme, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation may be partly associated with excessive superoxide formation and histone and DNA methylation.
PubMed: 38929115
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060677