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Heliyon Dec 2023Alleviating inflammation and promoting dentine regeneration is critical for the healing of pulpitis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis...
Alleviating inflammation and promoting dentine regeneration is critical for the healing of pulpitis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis and odontogenesis function of icariin on Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) under inflammatory state. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms was also evaluated. Icariin attenuated the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory marker expression, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-8. The immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining results showed that icariin suppressed the inflammatory responses mediated by the protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling cascades. Additionally, icariin also upregulated the expression of odontogenic and angiogenic genes and proteins (namely dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), anti-collagen Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1)), alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium nodule deposition in LPS-exposed HDPCs. In a word, our findings indicated that icariin attenuated pulp inflammation and promoted odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation in the inflammatory state. Icariin may be a promising vital pulp therapy agent for the regenerative treatment of the inflamed dental pulp.
PubMed: 38144358
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23282 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023The present challenge in dental pulp tissue engineering scaffold materials lies in the development of tissue-specific scaffolds that are conducive to an optimal...
The present challenge in dental pulp tissue engineering scaffold materials lies in the development of tissue-specific scaffolds that are conducive to an optimal regenerative microenvironment and capable of accommodating intricate root canal systems. This study utilized porcine dental pulp to derive the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) via appropriate decellularization protocols. The resultant dECM was dissolved in an acid pepsin solution to form dECM hydrogels. The analysis encompassed evaluating the microstructure and rheological properties of dECM hydrogels and evaluated their biological properties, including in vitro cell viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation, odontogenic, and neurogenic differentiation. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel served as the control. Subsequently, hydrogels were injected into treated dentin matrix tubes and transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to regenerate dental pulp tissue in vivo. The results showed that dECM hydrogels exhibited exceptional injectability and responsiveness to physiological temperature. It supported the survival, odontogenic, and neurogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in a 3D culture setting. Moreover, it exhibited a superior ability to promote cell migration and angiogenesis compared to GelMA hydrogel in vitro. Additionally, the dECM hydrogel demonstrated the capability to regenerate pulp-like tissue with abundant blood vessels and a fully formed odontoblast-like cell layer in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of porcine dental pulp dECM hydrogel as a specialized scaffold material for dental pulp regeneration.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Swine; Hydrogels; Decellularized Extracellular Matrix; Dental Pulp; Mice, Nude; Regeneration; Tissue Scaffolds; Tissue Engineering; Extracellular Matrix
PubMed: 38139310
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417483 -
Biomedicines Dec 2023Dental pulp pericytes are reported to have the capacity to generate odontoblasts and express multiple cytokines and chemokines that regulate the local immune...
Dental pulp pericytes are reported to have the capacity to generate odontoblasts and express multiple cytokines and chemokines that regulate the local immune microenvironment, thus participating in the repair of dental pulp injury in vivo. However, it has not yet been reported whether the transplantation of exogenous pericytes can effectively treat pulpitis, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, using a lineage-tracing mouse model, we showed that most dental pulp pericytes are derived from cranial neural crest. Then, we demonstrated that the ablation of pericytes could induce a pulpitis-like phenotype in uninfected dental pulp in mice, and we showed that the significant loss of pericytes occurs during pupal inflammation, implying that the transplantation of pericytes may help to restore dental pulp homeostasis during pulpitis. Subsequently, we successfully generated pericytes with immunomodulatory activity from human pluripotent stem cells through the intermediate stage of the cranial neural crest with a high level of efficiency. Most strikingly, for the first time we showed that, compared with the untreated pulpitis group, the transplantation of hPSC-derived pericytes could substantially inhibit vascular permeability (the extravascular deposition of fibrinogen, ** < 0.01), alleviate pulpal inflammation (TCR cell infiltration, * < 0.05), and promote the regeneration of dentin (** < 0.01) in the mouse model of pulpitis. In addition, we discovered that the knockdown of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 () remarkably suppressed the immunoregulation ability of pericytes in vitro and compromised their in vivo regenerative potential in pulpitis. These results indicate that the transplantation of pericytes could efficiently rescue the aberrant phenotype of pulpal inflammation, which may be partially due to -mediated T cell suppression.
PubMed: 38137420
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123199 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Dec 2023The embryonic development of neural crest cells and subsequent tissue differentiation are intricately regulated by specific transcription factors. Among these, , a... (Review)
Review
The embryonic development of neural crest cells and subsequent tissue differentiation are intricately regulated by specific transcription factors. Among these, , a member of the gene family, stands out. Located on chromosome 22q13, the gene encodes a transcription factor crucial for the differentiation, migration, and maintenance of tissues derived from neural crest cells. It plays a pivotal role in developing various tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, melanocytes, chondrocytes, and odontoblasts. Mutations in have been associated with congenital disorders such as Waardenburg-Shah Syndrome, PCWH syndrome, and Kallman syndrome, underscoring its clinical significance. Furthermore, SOX10 is implicated in neural and neuroectodermal tumors, such as melanoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), and schwannomas, influencing processes like proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In mesenchymal tumors, SOX10 expression serves as a valuable marker for distinguishing between different tumor types. Additionally, SOX10 has been identified in various epithelial neoplasms, including breast, ovarian, salivary gland, nasopharyngeal, and bladder cancers, presenting itself as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker. However, despite these associations, further research is imperative to elucidate its precise role in these malignancies.
PubMed: 38132479
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120633 -
Aging Cell Mar 2024Once tooth development is complete, odontoblasts and their progenitor cells in the dental pulp play a major role in protecting tooth vitality from external stresses....
Once tooth development is complete, odontoblasts and their progenitor cells in the dental pulp play a major role in protecting tooth vitality from external stresses. Hence, understanding the homeostasis of the mature pulp populations is just as crucial as understanding that of the young, developing ones for managing age-related dentinal damage. Here, it is shown that loss of Cpne7 accelerates cellular senescence in odontoblasts due to oxidative stress and DNA damage accumulation. Thus, in Cpne7-null dental pulp, odontoblast survival is impaired, and aberrant dentin is extensively formed. Intraperitoneal or topical application of CPNE7-derived functional peptide, however, alleviates the DNA damage accumulation and rescues the pathologic dentin phenotype. Notably, a healthy dentin-pulp complex lined with metabolically active odontoblasts is observed in 23-month-old Cpne7-overexpressing transgenic mice. Furthermore, physiologic dentin was regenerated in artificial dentinal defects of Cpne7-overexpressing transgenic mice. Taken together, Cpne7 is indispensable for the maintenance and homeostasis of odontoblasts, while promoting odontoblastic differentiation of the progenitor cells. This research thereby introduces its potential in oral disease-targeted applications, especially age-related dental diseases involving dentinal loss.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Aging, Premature; Dental Pulp; Cellular Senescence; Odontoblasts; Cell Differentiation; Mice, Transgenic
PubMed: 38105557
DOI: 10.1111/acel.14061 -
PeerJ 2023Dental papilla cells (DPCs) are one of the key stem cells for tooth development, eventually forming dentin and pulp. Previous studies have reported that PER2 is...
BACKGROUND
Dental papilla cells (DPCs) are one of the key stem cells for tooth development, eventually forming dentin and pulp. Previous studies have reported that PER2 is expressed in a 24-hour oscillatory pattern in DPCs . , PER2 is highly expressed in odontoblasts (which are differentiated from DPCs). However, whether PER2 modulates the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs is uncertain. This research was to identify the function of PER2 in the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs and preliminarily explore its mechanisms.
METHODS
We monitored the expression of PER2 in DPCs differentiated . We used PER2 overexpression and knockdown studies to assess the role of PER2 in DPC differentiation and performed intracellular ATP content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays to further investigate the mechanism.
RESULTS
PER2 expression was considerably elevated throughout the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs . Overexpressing boosted levels of odontogenic differentiation markers, such as dentin sialophosphoprotein (), dentin matrix protein 1 (), and alkaline phosphatase (), and enhanced mineralized nodule formation in DPCs. Conversely, the downregulation of inhibited the differentiation of DPCs. Additionally, downregulating further affected intracellular ATP content and ROS levels during DPC differentiation.
CONCLUSION
Overall, we demonstrated that PER2 positively regulates the odontogenic differentiation of DPCs, and the mechanism may be related to mitochondrial function as shown by intracellular ATP content and ROS levels.
Topics: Reactive Oxygen Species; Dental Papilla; Cell Differentiation; Odontoblasts; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 38084142
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16489 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Dec 2023Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an abnormality in the structure or function of the cardio-circulatory system present at birth and the ventricular septal defect (VSD)...
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is an abnormality in the structure or function of the cardio-circulatory system present at birth and the ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common CHD in children. This study aimed to determine any differences in the histological structure of primary teeth between both healthy children and those children with ventricular septal defects in Erbil City. Methods enrolled children were divided into two groups. Group I (control) & group II (CHD) aged between 6-10 years old. A total of 44 children were collected, (22 children) in each group. Enamel, dentin, and odontoblast layers were examined histologically. Unpaired t-test used for statistical analysis. Results: The histopathological sections showed a significant difference in enamel, dentin, and odontoblast layer thickness (255.8 ± 41.68- 406.4 ±46.39), (1156 ± 116.0 - 1320 ± 117.4) and (29.74 ± 7.66 -41.38 ± 12.06) respectively, with p values (P < 0.0001) for enamel and dentin layer, and P < 0.0004 for odontoblast layer. A study of the images in the CHD group showed that the tooth tissue lost its integrity and cohesion in some places, and the thickness of the enamel and dentin layer in this group was significantly reduced compared to group I. Tissue loss in enamel, pulp, and dentin cell were observed. Also, connective tissue layers in the pulp were disrupted. Conclusions: CHD can alter the natural structure formation of primary teeth. Histologically, enamel, dentin, and odontoblasts layer thickness reduction are found in primary teeth in children with ventricular septal defects.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Child; Dentin; Odontoblasts; Heart Defects, Congenital; Tooth, Deciduous; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
PubMed: 38054687
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.14567 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023The use of stem cells for tissue regeneration is a prominent trend in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have...
The use of stem cells for tissue regeneration is a prominent trend in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have garnered considerable attention. When exposed to specific conditions, DPSCs have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Scaffolds are critical for cell differentiation because they replicate the 3D microenvironment of the niche and enhance cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. The purpose of this study is to present the biological responses of human DPSCs to a purified 3D chitin scaffold derived from the marine demosponge and modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Responses examined included proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. The control culture consisted of the human osteoblast cell line, hFOB 1.19. Electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of the cells (transmission electron microscopy) and the surface of the scaffold (scanning electron microscopy). Cell adhesion to the scaffolds was determined by neutral red and crystal violet staining methods. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay was used for assessing osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation. We evaluated the expression of osteogenic marker genes by performing ddPCR for ALP, RUNX2, and SPP1 mRNA expression levels. The results show that the chitin biomaterial provides a favorable environment for DPSC and hFOB 1.19 cell adhesion and supports both cell proliferation and differentiation. The chitin scaffold, especially with HAp modification, isolated from can make a significant contribution to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
PubMed: 38033818
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254506 -
Regenerative Therapy Dec 2023The intentional perforation of the pulp chamber floor before tooth replantation promotes pulpal healing by facilitating the revascularization of the pulp cavity. This...
INTRODUCTION
The intentional perforation of the pulp chamber floor before tooth replantation promotes pulpal healing by facilitating the revascularization of the pulp cavity. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of this method on the dynamics of quiescent dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).
METHODS
The right and left maxillary first molars of Crlj:CD1 mice and TetOP-histone 2B (H2B)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice were extracted. The left molars were immediately replanted as the control group (CG), whereas the pulp chamber floor of the right molars were perforated before the tooth was replanted as the experimental group (EG). Immunohistochemistry for Nestin and GFP, and quantitative RT-PCR for , , , and 4 mRNA were performed.
RESULTS
The rate of Nestin-positive perimeter along the pulp-dentin border in the EG tended to be higher than that of the CG at days 5 and 7 and was significantly increased between days 3 and 7. The rate of GFP-positive cells in the EG was significantly higher than that of the CG at days 5 and/or 7 in the mesial and middle coronal pulp. mRNA in the EG at day 5 was significantly higher than that of the CG and tended to be higher than that of the CG during the observation period. 4 mRNA expression in the EG was significantly higher than that of the CG at day 7.
CONCLUSIONS
The current experimental model demonstrated the promotion of the survival of DPSCs and their differentiation into odontoblast-like cells (OBLCs). Thus, the use of this model is expected to clarify the crosstalk mechanism between immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, and DPSCs with regards to pulpal healing after tooth replantation. It also provides insight into the differentiation process of DPSCs into OBLCs.
PubMed: 38028939
DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.10.004 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.993478.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.993478.].
PubMed: 38028768
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1331650