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Biomolecules Jun 2024Among the grapes, is a winegrape variety characterised by a high content of free and glycosylated monoterpenoids, which gives wines very intense notes of ripe fruit...
Among the grapes, is a winegrape variety characterised by a high content of free and glycosylated monoterpenoids, which gives wines very intense notes of ripe fruit and flowers. The aromatic bouquet of is strongly influenced by the high concentration of linalool, geraniol, linalool oxides, limonene, α-terpineol, citronellol, hotrienol, diendiols, -8-hydroxy linalool, geranic acid and myrcene, that give citrus, rose, and peach notes. Except for quali-quantitative analysis, no investigations regarding the isotopic values of the target volatile compounds in grapes and wines are documented in the literature. Nevertheless, the analysis of the stable isotope ratio represents a modern and powerful tool used by the laboratories responsible for official consumer protection, for food quality and genuineness assessment. To this aim, the aromatic compounds extracted from grapes and wine were analysed both by GC-MS/MS, to define the aroma profiles, and by GC-C/Py-IRMS, for a preliminary isotope compound-specific investigation. Seventeen samples of grapes were collected during the harvest season in 2021 from two Italian regions renowned for the cultivation of this aromatic variety, Trentino Alto Adige and Veneto, and the corresponding wines were produced at micro-winery scale. The GC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of the typical terpenoids both in glycosylated and free forms, responsible for the characteristic aroma of the variety, while the compound-specific isotope ratio analysis allowed us to determine the carbon (δC) and hydrogen (δH) isotopic signatures of the major volatile compounds for the first time.
Topics: Volatile Organic Compounds; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Wine; Vitis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Carbon Isotopes; Fruit; Odorants
PubMed: 38927113
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060710 -
Toxins Jun 2024The escalating proliferation of cyanobacteria poses significant taste and odor (T/O) challenges, impacting freshwater ecosystems, public health, and water treatment... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Temporal Dynamics and Influential Factors of Taste and Odor Compounds in the Eastern Drinking Water Source of Chaohu Lake, China: A Comparative Analysis of Global Freshwaters.
The escalating proliferation of cyanobacteria poses significant taste and odor (T/O) challenges, impacting freshwater ecosystems, public health, and water treatment costs. We examined monthly variations in four T/O compounds from September 2011 to August 2012 in Chaohu Lake's eastern drinking water source (DECL). More importantly, we compared the reported T/O occurrence and the related factors in freshwater bodies worldwide. The assessment of T/O issues indicated a severe and widespread problem, with many cases surpassing odor threshold values. Remarkably, China reported the highest frequency and severity of odor-related problems. A temporal analysis revealed variations in odor occurrences within the same water body across different years, emphasizing the need to consider high values in all seasons for water safety. Globally, T/O issues were widespread, demanding attention to variations within the same water body and across different layers. Algae were crucial contributors to odor compounds, necessitating targeted interventions due to diverse odorant sources and properties. A correlation analysis alone lacked definitive answers, emphasizing the essential role of further validation, such as algae isolation. Nutrients are likely to have influenced the T/O, as GSM and MIB correlated positively with nitrate and ammonia nitrogen in DECL, resulting in proposed control recommendations. This study offers recommendations for freshwater ecosystem management and serves as a foundation for future research and management strategies to address T/O challenges.
Topics: Odorants; China; Lakes; Drinking Water; Taste; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Cyanobacteria; Seasons; Fresh Water
PubMed: 38922158
DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060264 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Although only a few species of account for the major truffle sales volume, many species that are not considered delicacies are finding their way to the market,...
Although only a few species of account for the major truffle sales volume, many species that are not considered delicacies are finding their way to the market, especially in regions where the traditionally appreciated ones do not occur. This is the case for whitish truffles. Specimens of whitish truffles were collected in pecan () orchards in Uruguay in October 2021. Morphological and molecular methods were used to characterize and assess their identity as Vittad. An SPME extraction of volatile compounds and GC-MS analyses were performed to characterize the aromatic profile of these specimens and evaluate their potential applications. Among the 60 VOCs detected, 3-octenone (mushroom odor), 3-octanol (moss, nut, mushroom odor), and 2H-pyran-2-one (no odor), followed by octen-1-ol-acetate (no odor) and 2-undecanone (orange, fresh, green odor) were the major compounds in fruiting bodies. The attributes of exotic edible mushrooms of commercial value in the region are highlighted. In particular, this work emphasizes the characteristics of truffles as a byproduct of pecan cultivation.
PubMed: 38921407
DOI: 10.3390/jof10060421 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Selenium (Se) pollution poses serious threats to terrestrial ecosystems. Mushrooms are important sources of Se with the potential for bioremediation. Pre-eminent Se...
BACKGROUND
Selenium (Se) pollution poses serious threats to terrestrial ecosystems. Mushrooms are important sources of Se with the potential for bioremediation. Pre-eminent Se resources must possess the ability to tolerate high levels of Se. To obtain Se-accumulating fungi, we isolated selenite-tolerance-enhanced JNUSE-200 through adaptive evolution.
METHODS
The molecular mechanism responsible for selenite tolerance and accumulation was explored in JNUSE-200 by comparing it with the original strain, CGMCC 5.26, using a combination of physiological and transcriptomic approaches.
RESULTS
JNUSE-200 demonstrated tolerance to 200 mg/kg selenite in liquid culture and exhibited normal growth, whereas CGMCC 5.26 experienced reduced growth, red coloration, and an unpleasant odor as a result of exposure to selenite at the same concentration. In this study, JNUSE-200 developed a triple defense mechanism against high-level selenite toxicity, and the key genes responsible for improved selenite tolerance were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study offers novel insights into the molecular responses of fungi towards selenite, providing theoretical guidance for the breeding and cultivation of Se-accumulating varieties. Moreover, it significantly enhances the capacity of the bio-manufacturing industry and contributes to the development of beneficial applications in environmental biotechnology through fungal selenite transformation bioprocesses.
PubMed: 38921401
DOI: 10.3390/jof10060415 -
Insects Jun 2024Insect pheromones have been intensively studied with respect to their role in insect communication. However, scarce knowledge is available on the impact of pheromones on...
Insect pheromones have been intensively studied with respect to their role in insect communication. However, scarce knowledge is available on the impact of pheromones on plant responses, and how these in turn affect herbivorous insects. A previous study showed that exposure of pine () to the sex pheromones of the pine sawfly results in enhanced defenses against the eggs of this sawfly; the egg survival rate on pheromone-exposed pine needles was lower than that on unexposed pine. The long-lasting common evolutionary history of and suggests that has developed counter-adaptations to these pine responses. Here, we investigated by behavioral assays how copes with the defenses of pheromone-exposed pine. The sawfly females did not discriminate between the odor of pheromone-exposed and unexposed pine. However, when they had the chance to contact the trees, more unexposed than pheromone-exposed trees received eggs. The exposure of pine to the pheromones did not affect the performance of larvae and their pupation success. Our findings indicate that the effects that responses of pine to sex pheromones exert on the sawfly eggs and sawfly oviposition behavior do not extend to effects on the larvae.
PubMed: 38921172
DOI: 10.3390/insects15060458 -
Dentistry Journal Jun 2024Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical solution used for managing dental caries. The mixed-methods study consists of a quantitative study (questionnaire survey) and...
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical solution used for managing dental caries. The mixed-methods study consists of a quantitative study (questionnaire survey) and a qualitative study (in-depth interview) to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards SDF among dentists in Vietnam. A descriptive approach and a thematic approach were performed to analyze data, respectively. The questionnaire survey invited 436 licensed dentists registered for the national annual dental meeting and 226 dentists participated (response rate: 52%). Among them, 174 (77%, 174/226) dentists knew SDF, and 69 (40%, 69/174) dentists used SDF for caries management. Most of them considered SDF therapy as non-invasive (84%, 146/174) and simple (80%, 140/174). However, most of them expressed concern that SDF could discolor the tooth (74%, 128/174). Their most preferred teeth for SDF therapy were primary posterior teeth (92%, 160/174). The in-depth interview consulted 16 dentists to reach data saturation. They learned about SDF from outside curriculum resources as an effective anti-caries agent. They understood the advantages (simple, non-invasive, timesaving) and disadvantages (tooth discoloring, ammonia odor) of SDF. They used SDF to arrest caries in uncooperative children in the clinic and people living in rural areas in outreach services. Most dentists in Vietnam are supportive of SDF therapy, and they know its advantages and disadvantages for caries management. The results addressed the aim of the study to investigate Vietnamese dentists' perspectives towards SDF.
PubMed: 38920870
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060169 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Although pesticide-free techniques have been developed in agriculture, pesticides are still routinely used against weeds, pests, and pathogens worldwide. These...
Although pesticide-free techniques have been developed in agriculture, pesticides are still routinely used against weeds, pests, and pathogens worldwide. These agrochemicals pollute the environment and can negatively impact human health, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Acetamiprid, an approved neonicotinoid pesticide in the EU, may exert sub-lethal effects on pollinators and other organisms. However, our knowledge on the scope and severity of such effects is still incomplete. Our experiments focused on the effects of the insecticide formulation Mospilan (active ingredient: 20% acetamiprid) on the peripheral olfactory detection of a synthetic floral blend and foraging behaviour of buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) workers. We found that the applied treatment did not affect the antennal detection of the floral blend; however, it induced alterations in their foraging behaviour. Pesticide-treated individuals started foraging later, and the probability of finding the floral blend was lower than that of the control bumblebees. However, exposed bumblebees found the scent source faster than the controls. These results suggest that acetamiprid-containing Mospilan may disrupt the activity and orientation of foraging bumblebees. We hypothesize that the observed effects of pesticide exposure on foraging behaviour could be mediated through neurophysiological and endocrine mechanisms. We propose that future investigations should clarify whether such sub-lethal effects can affect pollinators' population dynamics and their ecosystem services.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Insecticides; Flowers; Odorants; Neonicotinoids; Pollination
PubMed: 38918480
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65388-4 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024In this study, synthesize and insight the corrosion inhibition properties of two novel derivatives of 1-naphthyl-2-cyanoacetamide (NCDs)...
In this study, synthesize and insight the corrosion inhibition properties of two novel derivatives of 1-naphthyl-2-cyanoacetamide (NCDs) [2-cyano-2-((5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) diazenyl)-N (naphthalene-1-yl)acetamide] (NCD1) and [2-Cyano-N-(naphthalene-1-yl)-2-[(4,6-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridine-3-yl) hydrazono] acetamide] (NCD2). The characterization of the synthesized NCDs was confirmed through the utilization of Mass fragmentation analysis, H-NMR, and IR. The corrosion inhibition performance of NCDs as a novel and environmentally safe corrosion inhibitor has been investigated by electrochemical techniques, a chemical technique, and theoretical studies for its anti-corrosion behavior of Inconel 800 in chloride medium. In addition, the surface morphology and inhibitor adsorption on the Inconel 800 surface were confirmed utilizing SEM, EDX, FTIR, and AFM. The advantages of NCDs include their low toxicity, environmental friendliness, ease of preparation, low odor, contain (N, O, and π-Bonds), and the inhibition efficiency elevated with decreasing solution temperature as well as inhibitor dose increase, yielding increased efficiencies of 91.8% and 95.7% for NCD1 and NCD2, respectively, at the optimum concentration of 21 10 mol. L and 298 K temperature. An analysis of Tafel plots reveals that NCDs adhere to a mixed and isothermal Langmuir adsorption mechanism. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation manifest the two compounds of NCDs can be adsorbed at the Fe (110) surface in a paralleled way, and can have a smaller energy gap (ΔE) value and exhibit higher efficiency. The experimental and theoretical findings confirm that the synthesized compounds obtained are capable of protecting the Inconel 800 from corrosion by creating an anti-corrosion coating on the surface.
PubMed: 38918473
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62795-5 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are metabolites pivotal in determining the aroma of various products. A well-known VOC producer of industrial importance is...
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are metabolites pivotal in determining the aroma of various products. A well-known VOC producer of industrial importance is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, partially responsible for flavor of beers and wines. We identified VOCs in beers produced by yeast strains characterized by improved aroma obtained in UV-induced mutagenesis. We observed significant increase in concentration of compounds in strains: 1214uv16 (2-phenylethyl acetate, 2- phenylethanol), 1214uv31 (2-ethyl henxan-1-ol), 1214uv33 (ethyl decanoate, caryophyllene). We observed decrease in production of 2-phenyethyl acetate in strain 1214uv33. Analysis of intracellular metabolites based on H NMR revealed that intracellular phenylalanine concentration was not changed in strains producing more phenylalanine related VOCs (1214uv16 and 1214uv33), so regulation of this pathway seems to be more sophisticated than is currently assumed. Metabolome analysis surprisingly showed the presence of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, a product of valine degradation, which is considered to be absent in S. cerevisiae. Our results show that our knowledge of yeast metabolism including VOC production has gaps regarding synthesis pathways for individual metabolites and regulation mechanisms. Detailed analysis of 1214uv16 and 1214uv33 may enhance our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of VOC synthesis in yeast, and analysis of strain 1214uv31 may reveal the pathway of 2-ethyl henxan-1-ol biosynthesis.
Topics: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Beer; Volatile Organic Compounds; Metabolome; Mutation; Odorants; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Fermentation; Phenylalanine; Metabolomics; Acetates
PubMed: 38918455
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64899-4 -
PloS One 2024Humans have approximately 400 different olfactory receptors (hORs) and recognize odorants through the repertoire of hOR responses. Although the cell surface expression...
Humans have approximately 400 different olfactory receptors (hORs) and recognize odorants through the repertoire of hOR responses. Although the cell surface expression of hORs is critical to evaluate their response, hORs are poorly expressed on the surface of heterologous cells. To address this problem, previous studies have focused on hOR transportation to the membrane. Nevertheless, the response pattern of hORs to odorants has yet to be successfully linked, and the response sensitivity still remains to be improved. In this study, we demonstrate that increasing the transcriptional level can result in a significant increase in cell surface and functional expression of hORs. We used the TAR-Tat system, which increases the transcription efficiency through positive feedback, and found that OR1A1, OR6N2, and OR51M1 exhibited robust expression. Moreover, this system induces enhanced hOR responses to odorants, thus defining four hORs as novel n-hexanal receptors and n-hexanal is an inverse agonist to one of them. Our results suggested that using the TAR-Tat system and increasing the transcriptional level of hORs can help understanding the relationship between hORs and odorants that were previously undetectable. This finding could facilitate the understanding of the sense of smell by decoding the repertoire of hOR responses.
Topics: Receptors, Odorant; Humans; Transcription, Genetic; Odorants; Aldehydes
PubMed: 38917199
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306029