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Tropical Animal Health and Production Oct 2023Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under... (Review)
Review
Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under certain circumstances of immunosuppression, co-infection (especially with Escherichia coli or Mycoplasma), or various stressors, G. anatis caused respiratory, reproductive, and systemic diseases. Infection with G. anatis has emerged in different countries worldwide. The bacterium affects mainly chickens; however, other species of domestic and wild birds may get infected. Horizontal, vertical, and venereal routes of G. anatis infection have been reported. The pathogenicity of G. anatis is principally related to the presence of some essential virulence factors such as Gallibacterium toxin A, fimbriae, haemagglutinin, outer membrane vesicles, capsule, biofilms, and protease. The clinical picture of G. anatis infection is mainly represented as tracheitis, oophoritis, salpingitis, and peritonitis, while other lesions may be noted in cases of concomitant infection. Control of such infection depends mainly on applying biosecurity measures and vaccination. The antimicrobial sensitivity test is necessary for the correct treatment of G. anatis. However, the development of multiple drug resistance is common. This review article sheds light on G. anatis regarding history, susceptibility, dissemination, virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and control measures.
Topics: Female; Animals; Poultry; Chickens; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Pasteurellaceae; Virulence Factors; Escherichia coli; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37889324
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03796-w -
Cureus Aug 2023Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is a rare, chronic and non-neoplastic condition in which a heavy foamy histiocyte inflammatory infiltrate admixed with neutrophils, plasma...
Xanthogranulomatous oophoritis is a rare, chronic and non-neoplastic condition in which a heavy foamy histiocyte inflammatory infiltrate admixed with neutrophils, plasma cells, multinucleated giant cells, fibroblasts and foci of necrosis causing extensive tissue damage and organ destruction. The gallbladder and kidney are just two examples of the different organs that exhibit histological changes resembling xanthogranulomatous alteration. The present case involved a 40-year-old female who presented with a tuboovarian mass and was ultimately diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous oophritis, despite initial clinicoradiological suspicions for malignancy. Xanthogranulomatous oophritis is a significant entity because, clinically and radiographically, it resembles tumours of the ovary and hinges on a careful histopathological analysis to establish a diagnosis.
PubMed: 37727159
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43724 -
Health Science Reports Jul 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered an important involved factor for infertility. Since one of the causes of decreased ovarian reserve is oophoritis...
BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered an important involved factor for infertility. Since one of the causes of decreased ovarian reserve is oophoritis due to viral infections, this study aimed to evaluated the association between HPV infection and ovarian reserve.
METHODS
This case-control study was performed on 219 women aged 25-35 years who were referred to the gynecologic oncology clinic during 2019-2020. The positive or negative HPV infection was confirmed by cervical biopsy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Cervical lesions or abnormalities in the cervix were assessed by colposcopy and histopathological analysis. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were measured for all participants to assess ovarian reserve.
RESULTS
The results of this study showed that in patients who were HPV positive, decreased ovarian reserve was more common than in the HPV negative group ( = 0.0001). Also, there was a significant difference between Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I and CIN III sub-groups in AMH level ( = 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
Traces of HPV have been observed in various aspects of infertility, but no study has been performed on its association with ovarian reserve. According to the results of this study, decreased ovarian reserve was more common in patients who were HPV positive.
PubMed: 37484059
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1343 -
Cureus Apr 2023Anti-ovarian antibodies (AOAs) have been linked to autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This report details a case in which a patient experienced transient...
Anti-ovarian antibodies (AOAs) have been linked to autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This report details a case in which a patient experienced transient POI after a COVID-19 infection and tested positive for AOA. After treatment with oral contraceptives and subsequent high-dose oral corticosteroids, the patient underwent fertility treatment with in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 23 oocytes were retrieved. Two euploid blastocysts and three untested blastocysts were successfully created. This report hypothesizes the connection between autoimmune POI, AOA, and COVID-19. Conflicting data have been reported linking COVID-19 and ovarian injury. However, it is suggested that COVID-19 transiently impacts the menstrual cycle and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels. Treatment to overcome poor ovarian response due to AOA has not been adequately determined; however, similar autoimmune conditions have been successfully treated with corticosteroids.
PubMed: 37182044
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37379 -
Cureus Dec 2022Mumps is an acute viral illness occurring in children and young adults transmitted via droplets. It is a vaccine-preventable illness caused by the mumps virus, an RNA...
Mumps is an acute viral illness occurring in children and young adults transmitted via droplets. It is a vaccine-preventable illness caused by the mumps virus, an RNA (ribonucleic acid) virus belonging to theParamyxoviridaefamily. It typically presents with fever, parotitis, epididymo-orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis and arthritis. Although viremia with multiorgan involvement is known to be commonly seen in mumps, there have been no reported cases of splenic abscess in a case of mumps. Here we present the case of a 16-year-old girl with unknown vaccination history who presented with fever, rash, bilateral parotid swelling, myocarditis, pneumonitis with pleural effusion and shock. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mumps Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was positive (ratio: 7.26, reference: 1.10). She was managed conservatively with parenteral antibiotics, oxygen, inotropic support and bronchodilators. As she complained of abdominal pain in the left hypochondrium on the 13th day since onset of symptoms, ultrasound scan of abdomen was done which showed a hypoechoic lesion with internal echoes in the inferior pole of spleen (2.9 cm x 2.2 cm) suggestive of splenic abscess. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen confirmed similar findings. The splenic abscess completely regressed with parenteral antibiotics. Therefore, one must suspect splenic abscess in a case of mumps when the presentation includes abdominal pain and tenderness so that appropriate treatment may be provided for the best outcome for the patient.
PubMed: 36733790
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33195 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2023Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is a rare pathological entity which is characterised by sheets of foamy histiocytes and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. This...
Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is a rare pathological entity which is characterised by sheets of foamy histiocytes and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. This condition can mimic endometrial carcinoma. We report a case, clinically suspected as carcinoma of the endometrium/ovary, which was diagnosed as XGE with left salpingo-oophoritis on histopathology.
Topics: Female; Humans; Oophoritis; Endometritis; Postmenopause; Salpingitis; Granuloma; Xanthomatosis; Endometrial Neoplasms
PubMed: 36657821
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247341 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2023Though there is no definite agreement on diagnostic criteria or definition of chronic ectopic pregnancy (CEP), it could be deemed to be a variant of pregnancy of unknown...
Though there is no definite agreement on diagnostic criteria or definition of chronic ectopic pregnancy (CEP), it could be deemed to be a variant of pregnancy of unknown location with non-specific clinical signs and symptoms. This was a case of a para 2+2 who presented with lower abdominal pain and bleeding per vaginum, and initial ultrasound was suggestive of a tubo-ovarian abscess/mass. With a further MRI scan and a diagnostic laparoscopy, she was found to have a CEP and had a laparoscopic salpingectomy for management. The diagnosis of CEP could be quite challenging as a result of the protracted symptoms, often negative/low serum B-HCG and ultrasound features mimicking a pelvic mass. A high index of suspicion is needed, and an MRI scan and diagnostic laparoscopy often aid in diagnosis and management.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Abscess; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Oophoritis; Salpingitis; Abdominal Abscess; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 36599488
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253396 -
Medicine Dec 2022Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complicated clinical syndrome characterized by progressive deterioration of ovarian function. Autoimmunity is one of the main... (Review)
Review
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complicated clinical syndrome characterized by progressive deterioration of ovarian function. Autoimmunity is one of the main pathogenic factors affecting approximately 10% to 55% of POI cases. This review mainly focuses on the role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of POI and the potential therapies for autoimmunity-related POI. This review concluded that various markers of ovarian reserve, principally anti-Müllerian hormone, could be negatively affected by autoimmune diseases. The presence of lymphocytic oophoritis, anti-ovarian autoantibodies, and concurrent autoimmune diseases, are the main characteristics of autoimmune POI. T lymphocytes play the most important role in the immune pathogenesis of POI, followed by disorders of other immune cells and the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. A comprehensive understanding of immune characteristics of patients with autoimmune POI and the underlying mechanisms is essential for novel approaches of treatment and intervention for autoimmune POI.
Topics: Female; Humans; Autoimmunity; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 36595863
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032500 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022We present the case of a female patient with a heterozygous somatic BLNK mutation, a T-cell LGL (large granular lymphocyte) leukemia, and multiple autoimmune diseases....
We present the case of a female patient with a heterozygous somatic BLNK mutation, a T-cell LGL (large granular lymphocyte) leukemia, and multiple autoimmune diseases. Although this mutation seems uncommon especially in this kind of clinical observation, it could represent a new mechanism for autoimmune diseases associated with LGL leukemia. The patient developed several autoimmune diseases: pure red blood cell apalsia, thyroiditis, oophoritis, and alopecia areata. She also presented a T-cell LGL leukemia which required treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, with good efficacy. Interestingly, she had no notable infectious history. The erythroblastopenia also resolved, the alopecia evolves by flare-ups, and the patient is still under hormonal supplementation for thyroiditis and oophoritis. We wanted to try to understand the unusual clinical picture presented by this patient. We therefore performed whole-genome sequencing, identifying a heterozygous somatic BLNK mutation. Her total gamma globulin level was slightly decreased. Regarding the lymphocyte subpopulations, she presented a B-cell deficiency with increased autoreactive B-cells and a CD4+ and Treg deficiency. This B-cell deficiency persisted after complete remission of erythroblastopenia and LGL leukemia. We propose that the persistent B-cell deficiency linked to the BLNK mutation can explain her clinical phenotype.
PubMed: 36465938
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.997161 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2023Cytomegalovirus (CMV) oophoritis is an extremely rare and fatal condition. We encountered a 63-year-old woman with CMV oophoritis who had been treated for Burkitt's... (Review)
Review
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) oophoritis is an extremely rare and fatal condition. We encountered a 63-year-old woman with CMV oophoritis who had been treated for Burkitt's lymphoma. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed after chemotherapy showed a high F-fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose uptake in both ovaries, which required distinguishing relapse. CMV oophoritis was diagnosed on histology following bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Although the patient later developed recurrent episodes of CMV antigenemia, after which complications of CMV retinitis appeared, and she ultimately died of CMV meningitis, surgical resection with antiviral medication resolved her abdominal symptoms and cleared CMV antigenemia for several weeks. It is therefore worth considering surgical resection in combination with antiviral drugs as a treatment option.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Burkitt Lymphoma; Cytomegalovirus; Oophoritis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Antiviral Agents; Cytomegalovirus Infections
PubMed: 36261376
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0517-22