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Microorganisms Mar 2024was reclassified from the genotype D, and reports show its frequent detection in HIV-positive individuals and easy acquisition of antifungal drug resistance. However,...
INTRODUCTION
was reclassified from the genotype D, and reports show its frequent detection in HIV-positive individuals and easy acquisition of antifungal drug resistance. However, the oral carriage rate in healthy people and contribution to candidiasis in Japan is unclear.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the carriage rate, performed genotyping and tested antifungal drug susceptibility and protease productivity. Specimens from 2432 Japanese subjects in six regions (1902 healthy individuals, 423 with candidiasis individuals, 107 HIV-positive individuals) were cultured using CHROMagarCandida, and the species was confirmed via 25S rDNA amplification and ITS sequences analyzed for genotyping.
RESULTS
The carriage rate in healthy Japanese was low in the central mainland (0-15%) but high in the most northerly and southerly areas (30-40%). The distribution of these frequencies did not differ depending on age or disease (HIV-infection, candidiasis). Genotype I, previously identified in other countries, was most frequent in Japan, but novel genotypes were also observed. Six antifungal drugs showed higher susceptibility against , but protease productivity was low.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral has low pathogenicity with distribution properties attributed to geography and not dependent on age or disease status.
PubMed: 38543575
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030525 -
Pharmaceutics Feb 2024can cause various types of oral infections, mainly associated with denture stomatitis. Conventional therapy has been linked to high recurrence, toxicity, and fungal...
can cause various types of oral infections, mainly associated with denture stomatitis. Conventional therapy has been linked to high recurrence, toxicity, and fungal resistance, necessitating the search for new drugs and delivery systems. In this study, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and gellan gum (GG) were studied as an antifungal agent and carrier system, respectively. First, we observed that different GG formulations (0.6 to 1.0% wt/vol) were able to incorporate and release CAPE, reaching a controlled and prolonged release over 180 min at 1.0% of GG. CAPE-GG formulations exhibited antifungal activity at CAPE concentrations ranging from 128 to >512 µg/mL. Furthermore, CAPE-GG formulations significantly decreased the fungal viability of biofilms at short times (12 h), mainly at 1.0% of GG ( < 0.001). protease activity was also reduced after 12 h of treatment with CAPE-GG formulations ( < 0.001). Importantly, CAPE was not cytotoxic to human keratinocytes, and CAPE-GG formulations at 1.0% decreased the fungal burden ( = 0.0087) and suppressed inflammation in a rat model of denture stomatitis. Altogether, these results indicate that GG is a promising delivery system for CAPE, showing effective activity against and potential to be used in the treatment of denture stomatitis.
PubMed: 38543192
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030298 -
Dentistry Journal Feb 2024and similar species are significant pathogens in immunocompromised and hospitalized individuals, known for mucosal colonization and bloodstream/organ invasion. Many...
BACKGROUND
and similar species are significant pathogens in immunocompromised and hospitalized individuals, known for mucosal colonization and bloodstream/organ invasion. Many pathogenic including these species, exhibit autofluorescence (R/OF) under specific light conditions, a feature crucial for their detection.
AIM
We investigated the use of a 405 nm diode laser for the direct observation of red/orange autofluorescence of spp., common in the oral cavity, exploring its potential in health screenings.
METHODS
This study utilized cultures of spp. on Sabouraud dextrose agar with Qdot 655 and 685 for fluorescence benchmarking, illuminated using a 405 nm diode laser (continuous wave, power 250 mW, 0.0425 J/cm² fluence, 0.0014 W/cm² power density). Images were captured using a yellow-filter camera at set intervals (48 to 144 h). Visual and computational analyses evaluated the R/OF in terms of presence, intensity, coloration, and intra-colony variation.
RESULTS
Most displayed red/orange autofluorescence at all observation times, characterized by varied coloration and intra-colony distribution. Initially, there was an increase in R/OF intensity, which then stabilized in the later stages of observation.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of the tested are capable of emitting R/OF under 405 nm laser light. This finding opens up new possibilities for integrating R/OF detection into routine dental screenings for spp.
PubMed: 38534272
DOI: 10.3390/dj12030048 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina,... Mar 2024Data on oral lesions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are conflicting, and there are few evidence-based data on oral lesions directly caused by severe acute respiratory... (Review)
Review
Data on oral lesions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are conflicting, and there are few evidence-based data on oral lesions directly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this case series and literature review is to determine the prevalence of oral lesions associated with COVID-19 in outpatients and identify oral manifestations that are likely associated with COVID-19. We present 15 patients that came for their first specialist examination to the Oral Medicine Outpatient Clinic, Dental Clinic, Split, Croatia between November 2020 and January 2024. Their medical and dental history was taken following CARE guidelines. The prevalence of oral lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 was 1.42% during the 4-year follow-up period. The most common oral lesions were nonspecific erosions, stomatitis, salivary flow disorders (xerostomia, oligosialia), salivary gland diseases (sialadenitis, chronic sialadenitis), candidiasis, pigmentation, aphthae, burning mouth syndrome, and geographic and fissured tongue. The mean latency period was 25.1 days. The site most commonly affected was the tongue (61.5%). Oral lesions associated with COVID-19 occurred in middle-aged patients, with an equal distribution by sex. They presented in a mild form and did not correlate with the severity of the clinical picture of COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Candidiasis; COVID-19; Outpatients; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; Male; Female
PubMed: 38532658
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics and Practice Feb 2024The aim was to diagnose in the oral cavity of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a genotyping technique and compare the results with those from...
BACKGROUND
The aim was to diagnose in the oral cavity of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a genotyping technique and compare the results with those from conventional diagnosis by Papanicolaou (Pap) staining.
METHODS
Palatal mucosa smears were performed on 18 dental care patients diagnosed with T2DM and grade I, II, and III prosthetic stomatitis who met the inclusion criteria; 18 healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were determined from total blood. Using exfoliative cytology, the Pap staining technique was used to diagnose candidiasis. Exfoliative cytology was also used for molecular diagnosis; DNA was obtained for genotyping, and RNA was used for gene expression studies.
RESULTS
Clinical patterns indicated that all subjects were positive for ; however, Pap analysis revealed only three positive subjects, whereas end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed 15 subjects with some type of . The most common species found were (38.8%), (33.3%), , (22.2%). Interestingly, the coexpression of different species of was found in various patients. In all patients, HbA1c levels were increased. Gene expression analysis showed a significant decrease ( ≤ 0.05) in expression in positive subjects, whereas expression did not differ significantly among patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The end-point PCR technique showed better sensitivity for the diagnosis of when compared with the diagnosis by Pap staining. T2DM subjects showed an increased presence of . that was correlated with decreased expression.
PubMed: 38525710
DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14020031 -
Cureus Feb 2024Background Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent oral fungal infection, and existing antifungal agents have side effects such as drug intolerance, resistance, and...
Background Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent oral fungal infection, and existing antifungal agents have side effects such as drug intolerance, resistance, and toxicity. Herbal essential oils are emerging as an alternative therapeutic approach for treating fungal infections (), commonly known as oregano, and (), commonly known as clove, are known to have antifungal properties and are effective against fluconazole-resistant strains. A combination of essential oils has a synergistic effect and aids in achieving effective antifungal activity at sufficiently low concentrations, which could lead to reduced side effects and resistance. Aim of the study This study aimed to formulate and develop an herbal antifungal gel containing and and evaluate its synergistic antifungal efficacy against oral ( Methodology Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) determinations of and essential oils were performed individually and in combination to assess the antifungal activity against Based on the obtained MIC and MFC of essential oils in combination an herbal antifungal gel was formulated. Further, to determine the biocompatible nature of the gel, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. Results We found that a combination of and essential oils showed antifungal activity at a lesser concentration, with a MIC of 0.19 l/ml and MFC of 0.39 l/ml when compared to their individual concentrations. Based on our results, an antifungal herbal gel comprising a concentration of 0.6 l/ml of both essential oils was developed to achieve synergistic antifungal activity against oral The MTT assay of the herbal gel did not show any cytotoxicity. Conclusion The novel herbal antifungal gel containing and is biocompatible in nature and provides an alternative therapeutic approach for treating oral candidiasis.
PubMed: 38500909
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54348 -
Herpetic Gingivostomatitis with Oral candidiasis in Patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.IDCases 2024
PubMed: 38486659
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01932 -
Cureus Feb 2024Introduction is an edible fruit that contains numerous significant bioactive compounds that hold important biological properties and are categorized as nutraceuticals...
Introduction is an edible fruit that contains numerous significant bioactive compounds that hold important biological properties and are categorized as nutraceuticals owing to the health benefits it imparts including decreasing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, cancer, heart disease, and many other diseases. The objective of the present research was to explore the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the aqueous raspberry extract through in vitro assays. Materials and methods aqueous extract was prepared and examined for its antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi using the agar-well diffusion method, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) radical scavenging assay and the hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of the prepared extract was investigated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and egg albumin denaturation assays. Results fruit extract displayed strong antimicrobial activity at a higher concentration of 100 µL with a 26 mm zone of inhibition against and 24 mm for The extract showed 87.42% hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity and inhibited 91.12% DPPH free radicals at the highest concentration of 50 µg/mL. The extract showed effective anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin (80%) and egg albumin proteins (77%) at the highest concentration of 50 μg/mL. The free radical scavenging activity positively correlates with the increased concentration of the prepared extract against DPPH and hydrogen peroxide free radicals, thus showing the raspberry extract's potent antioxidant activity. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory assay result shows that the prepared raspberry aqueous extract has excellent anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin and egg albumin protein in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The meticulously prepared raspberry extract exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics, and owing to its astounding therapeutic benefits it holds a tremendous promise as a natural alternative in the field of oral medicine especially in the management of oral mucosal lesions, oral potentially malignant lesions such as lichen planus and leukoplakia, candidiasis, oral cancer and oral mucositis. Further animal studies and clinical trials are recommended to fully reap the therapeutics potential of raspberry extract.
PubMed: 38481926
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54045 -
MBio Apr 2024The emergence and evolutionary path of auris poses an intriguing scientific enigma. Its isolation from a pet dog's oral cavity in Kansas, reported by White et al. (T....
The emergence and evolutionary path of auris poses an intriguing scientific enigma. Its isolation from a pet dog's oral cavity in Kansas, reported by White et al. (T. C. White, B. D. Esquivel, E. M. Rouse Salcido, A. M. Schweiker, et al., mBio 15:e03080-23, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03080-23), carries significant implications. This discovery intensifies concerns about its hypothetical capacity for zoonotic transmission, particularly considering the dog's extensive human contact and the absence of secondary animal/human cases in both animals and humans. The findings challenge established notions of transmissibility and underscore the need for further investigation into the transmission dynamics, especially zooanthroponotic pathways. It raises concerns about its adaptability in different hosts and environments, highlighting potential role of environmental and animal reservoirs in its dissemination. Critical points include the evolving thermal tolerance and the genetic divergence in the isolate. This case exemplifies the necessity for an integrated One Health approach, combining human, animal, and environmental health perspectives, to unravel the complexities of 's emergence and behavior.
Topics: Dogs; Humans; Animals; Candida; Candidiasis; Candida auris; Kansas; Climate Change; Fungi; Zoonoses; Mouth
PubMed: 38477572
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00146-24 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2024Cases of vulvovaginitis caused by genus are exceedingly uncommon, with only a handful of instances having been described for this causative species. This report...
Cases of vulvovaginitis caused by genus are exceedingly uncommon, with only a handful of instances having been described for this causative species. This report describes a rare case of vulvovaginitis suspected to be caused by in a 58-year-old woman residing in an urban area of Hanoi city, Vietnam. The patient with a 10-year history of depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted to the hospital due to vulvar itching and vaginal discharge. Vaginal swabs confirmed the presence of a yeast infection by direct microscopic examination with 10% KOH and culture on CHROMagar Candida. The yeast was identified as using genetic sequencing tools. The patient's treatment plan involved topical clotrimazole and a daily oral dose of 200 mg of itraconazole for 7 days. This comprehensive treatment approach resulted in the patient's full recovery. This is the first reported case of vulvovaginitis attributed to in humans worldwide.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Vietnam; Vulvovaginitis; Basidiomycota
PubMed: 38462914
DOI: 10.1177/23247096241237756