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Cureus Dec 2023The present systematic review was done to assess the available literatures on changes in the number of occlusal contacts (NOC), occlusal contact surface areas, and... (Review)
Review
The present systematic review was done to assess the available literatures on changes in the number of occlusal contacts (NOC), occlusal contact surface areas, and occlusal force distribution (OFD) with vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) or clear overlay retainers during retention and to compare them with other retainers. Six electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and Google Scholar) were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) reporting on occlusal contact changes with VFRs were included. A total of nine articles were included in this review: three RCTs, five prospective controlled trials (PCTs), and one CCT. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and ROBINS-I tool were used for risk of bias assessment. The three RCTs showed moderate risk of bias, and out of five CCTs, four showed low risk of bias, and one showed moderate risk of bias. One CCT showed a low risk of bias in the ROBINS-I tool. Two out of four studies reported improved occlusal surface area (OSA) with VFRs when assessed at the end of six months and 12 months; one out of four studies reported improved NOC; and one study reported a decrease in OFD anteriorly and an increase in OFD posteriorly after two months of retention. On comparison between the groups, the other retainer groups showed more NOCs compared to VFRs. The limited available evidence suggests an increase in OSA and no change in NOCs and OFD with VFRs during retention. No significant differences between VFRs and other retainers for OSA and OFD were noted, and more NOCs were noted for other retainer groups.
PubMed: 38239549
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50751 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences 2023[This retracts the article on p. S502 in vol. 15, PMID: 37654327.].
[This retracts the article on p. S502 in vol. 15, PMID: 37654327.].
PubMed: 38235045
DOI: 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_1239_23 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2024This randomized crossover trial evaluated periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers (a modified 0.032-in SS V-loop retainer and a conventional 0.0215-in SS... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This randomized crossover trial evaluated periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers (a modified 0.032-in SS V-loop retainer and a conventional 0.0215-in SS coaxial wire retainer) after bonded for six months. Also, bonded failure rate, and a questionnaire about comfort, ease of cleaning and overall preference were recorded.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
15 patients were enrolled in this study who used both retainers for six months each, having a 15-day wash-out interval between each bonded retainer usage. The following periodontal index were recorded: Plaque Index (PI), Calculus Index (CI) and Gingival Index (GI). Patients answered a questionnaire to assess comfort, ease of cleaning and overall retainer-type preference. Rate of bonding failure was also evaluated.
RESULTS
V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (P<0.05) as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer. However, CI and GI presented no statistically significant differences between both types of retainers. The conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer was chosen as the most comfortable (p<0.05), although no statistically significant differences were found for all other questionnaire answers. Bonding failure events were more observed in the 3x3 V-Loop retainer (p<0.002), as compared to the conventional 0.0215-in coaxial retainer.
CONCLUSION
V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (p<0.05), higher bonding failure rate and less comfortable, as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Periodontal Index; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Records
PubMed: 38198390
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.6.e2323175.oar -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder, with an estimated incidence of 1%. Since they are sensitive to sensory changes, orthodontic treatment to move teeth should be...
BACKGROUND
Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder, with an estimated incidence of 1%. Since they are sensitive to sensory changes, orthodontic treatment to move teeth should be avoided as aggressively as possible in these patients because of strong concerns about the possibility of causing adverse psychological effects, thus there are few reports on orthodontic treatment for schizophrenia patients. We report a case of severe open bite caused by medication after the onset of schizophrenia, even though the patient's occlusion had been stable for a long time after surgical orthodontic treatment. Medication control and the use of a minimally invasive orthodontic appliance improved the occlusion without adversely affecting the patient's mental health.
CASE
A 22-year-old woman presented to the clinic with a chief complaint of an anterior open bite. Intraoral findings showed an overbite (vertical overlap of the incisor ) of -3.0 mm and an overjet (horizontal overlap of the incisor teeth) of -0.5 mm. The preoperative orthodontic treatment included bilateral extraction of the maxillary first premolars. Subsequently, orthognathic surgery was performed to achieve a harmonized skeletal relationship and occlusion. Occlusion was stable for 3 years after surgery. However, 10 years after surgery, the patient returned to the clinic complaining of an anterior open bite (overbite = -4.0 mm). Six years prior to the return, the patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia. We thought that ignoring the patient's strong desire to treat her open bite might also cause psychological problems; therefore, in addition to medication control, we treated her using a minimally invasive removable orthodontic appliance (retainer with tongue crib). Her anterior open bite improved (overbite, +1.0 mm) to within the normal range.
CONCLUSION
In this case, medication control was thought to be essential to improve her drug-induced open bite. However, minimally invasive orthodontic treatment, such as the use of a removable appliance, might be helpful in promoting her mental stability as well as for improving occlusion. Careful support is required to obtain information about the patient's mental state and medications through close cooperation with psychiatrists.
PubMed: 38173706
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1304215 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Dec 2023To determine the changes in orthodontists' interest in various orthodontic appliances during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the changes in orthodontists' interest in various orthodontic appliances during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
METHODS
A questionnaire probing respondents' interest in orthodontic appliances and techniques, including standard buccal metal brackets, self-ligating brackets, standard ceramic brackets, lingual brackets, clear aligners, orthodontic facemasks, removable functional appliances, fixed functional appliances, orthognathic surgery, orthodontic miniscrews, and lingual retainers, was prepared using Google Forms and then sent to the Turkish Orthodontic Society to invite all members of the society to participate in the survey. Of the 1903 members invited, 230 (response rate, 12.08%) orthodontists completed the questionnaire.
RESULTS
The respondents' interest in brackets did not change among 70% of the respondents (standard buccal metal bracket 80%, self-ligating bracket 72.2%, standard ceramic bracket 77%, and lingual bracket 76.5%). A significant difference was observed between the genders only about the interest in standard metal brackets and fixed functional appliances (p<0.05 for both). Interest in standard metal brackets decreased as respondents' work experience increased (p<0.05). The interest in self-ligating brackets was higher among respondents with 1-5 years of experience than among other respondents (p<0.05). Interest in self-ligating brackets increased more among lecturers and residents than among clinicians (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The interest of orthodontists in clear aligners showed the highest increase during the COVID-19 pandemic among all orthodontic appliances, whereas their interest in other appliances, particularly standard buccal metal brackets, did not change.
PubMed: 38164005
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2022.124 -
European Journal of Dentistry Dec 2023Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA), treated orthodontically by space opening, requires complimentary aesthetic rehabilitation. Resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) can...
OBJECTIVES
Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA), treated orthodontically by space opening, requires complimentary aesthetic rehabilitation. Resin-bonded bridges (RBBs) can be equated as interim rehabilitation until skeletal maturity is achieved to place an implant-supported crown or as definitive rehabilitation in case of financial restrictions or implant contraindications. Scientific evidence of the best material must be confirmed in specific clinical situations. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials are promising versatile restorative options. This study aimed to identify a straightforward material to deliver interim or definitive RBBs for nonprepared tooth replacement in MLIA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Single-retainer RBB made from CAD/CAM ceramic blocks (Vita Enamic [ENA], Suprinity [SUP], and zirconia [Y-ZPT]) and a three-dimensional (3D) printed material (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS]) were evaluated by shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure, after adherence to an artificial tooth with RelyX Ultimate used in a three-step adhesive strategy.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The load to fracture (N) was recorded, and the mean shear stress (MPa) was calculated with standard deviations (SD) for each group and compared between materials using boxplot graphics. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test was used to compare the differences ( = 0.05). A meta-analysis focusing on CAD/CAM materials evaluated the magnitude of the difference between groups based on differences in means and effect sizes ( = 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]; -value = 1.96). Failure mode was determined by microscopic observation and correlated with the maximum load to fracture of the specimen.
RESULTS
The mean ± SD SBS values were ENA (24.24 ± 9.05 MPa) < ABS (24.01 ± 1.94 MPa) < SUP (29.17 ± 4.78 MPa) < Y-ZPT (37.43 ± 12.20 MPa). The failure modes were mainly adhesive for Y-ZPT, cohesive for SUP and ENA, and cohesive with plastic deformation for ABS.
CONCLUSION
Vita Enamic, Suprinity, Y-ZPT zirconia, and 3D-printed ABS RBBs are optional materials for rehabilitating MLIA. The option for each material is conditioned to estimate the time of use and necessity of removal for orthodontic or surgical techniques.
PubMed: 38158209
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776335 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Dec 2023(1) Aims: The main objective of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term stability of difficult orthodontic treatments treated to an excellent result and to...
(1) Aims: The main objective of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term stability of difficult orthodontic treatments treated to an excellent result and to correlate stability to possible prognostic factors. Secondary objectives were to observe the changes in retention protocol over time and to assess Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) after a long-term post-treatment follow-up. (2) Methods: Cases presented for final examination by orthodontic postgraduate students were retrospectively screened for eligibility. Eligible patients were recalled for a post-treatment recall appointment (T2), consisting of a clinical examination and intraoral scan, and were asked to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14-DK). Gender, age at treatment commencement (T0), treatment modality and duration, and retention protocol were extracted from the records. At T2, the duration of the retention period was recorded, and retainers in place were clinically compared to the original retention protocol. The following variables were assessed on the sets of models at T0, T1 (end of treatment), and T2: arch length and width, overjet and overbite, Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), Peer Assessment Rating score (PAR), and Little's Irregularity Index (LII). Multiple regression models were conducted. (3) Results: Eighty-five subjects attended T2. The mean post-treatment follow-up was 9.4 years +/- 2.4. In the upper arch, at T1, 74 patients had a combination of fixed and removable retainers, while at T2, 55 had a fixed retainer only. In the lower arch, at T1, 67 patients had a fixed retainer only, with this number increasing to 76 at T2. From T0 to T1, the PAR score improved by 96.1%, with the improvement remaining at 77.5% at T2. The stability of lower inter-canine and upper inter-premolar widths was significantly correlated with the extent of changes during treatment. The presence of a lower fixed retainer at T2 and a low LII at T1 were prognostic factors for stability. The mean weighted total OHIP-14 score at T2 was very low (1.6 ± 2.4 points). (4) Conclusions: In a sample with an initial high-severity malocclusion and treated to an excellent outcome, long-term stability was very good. Good stability can be retained when a lower fixed retainer is present at T2 and when a low LII is achieved at T1.
PubMed: 38137761
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247692 -
Dentistry Journal Dec 2023Population-based studies have focused on patients' rendering of orthodontic treatment due to their malocclusion and medical needs. However, there is a scarcity of data...
OBJECTIVES
Population-based studies have focused on patients' rendering of orthodontic treatment due to their malocclusion and medical needs. However, there is a scarcity of data from national sources on the prevalence of orthodontic visits and associated patient characteristics, as well as their effect on dental health. This study evaluated the demographic differences of orthodontic patients and examined the association between orthodontics use and risk of periodontal disease and oral surgical intervention.
METHODS
This study used data collected from the 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate socio-demographics and covariates by the use of orthodontics. Chi-square tests were used to assess demographic differences among respondents who stated whether or not they used orthodontics. Logistic regression models were then used to examine the association of orthodontics and oral health outcomes.
RESULTS
The sample size was 12,422, of which 491 respondents indicated a usage of orthodontics. There were significant differences among demographic variables ( < 0.05) that included 61.1% females, 60.8% Whites, 67.6% participants under the age of 18 years old, and a family total income of $100,000 or more (52.7%). After controlling for socio-demographics and covariates, individuals who used orthodontics were less likely to have periodontal disease (AOR = 0.623, 95% CI = 0.610 to 0.637) and tooth extractions (AOR = 0.071, 95% CI = 0.070 to 0.073) than those who did not.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate orthodontics usage was higher in females, younger patients, and Whites, highlighting the possible demographic disparities in orthodontics use. Additionally, those who used orthodontics were less likely to have oral health issues.
PubMed: 38132429
DOI: 10.3390/dj11120291 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Dec 2023Vacuum-formed retainer (VFR) is the most used retainer due to its higher aesthetic properties and lower cost, their mechanical properties of are important in determining...
UNLABELLED
Vacuum-formed retainer (VFR) is the most used retainer due to its higher aesthetic properties and lower cost, their mechanical properties of are important in determining the stability and long-term use of appliances made out of them.
AIM
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the flexural modulus, surface hardness, and color stability of three different VFR materials.
METHODS
Three different VFR materials, namely Duran, Keystone, and Zendura, of 1 mm thickness, were tested after thermoforming for flexural modulus, hardness, and color stability. They were formed over a stainless-steel model of 12 mm diameter and 6 mm height.
RESULTS
There were significant statistical differences (p = 0.000) in the flexural modulus and hardness of the three materials. Regarding color stability, Zendura exhibited significantly higher ΔE* values than Keystone and Duran (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Zendura had the highest flexural modulus and hardness compared with Duran and Keystone; however, it is more susceptible to color change compared to the other tested materials.
PubMed: 38107045
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.09.004 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023To compare force degradation of elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs in vivo and in vitro, and evaluate the effects of pre-stretched and reused elastomeric chains in...
OBJECTIVE
To compare force degradation of elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs in vivo and in vitro, and evaluate the effects of pre-stretched and reused elastomeric chains in the oral cavity during the time.
METHODS
In the in vitro groups, 4-unit elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs with an initial force of 200 g were placed in dry air and artificial saliva. The volunteers wore clear retainers which were used to hold the sample of 4-unit chains, pre-stretched 4-unit chains, and NiTi coil springs with the initial force of 200 g in the in vivo groups. After the first 4 weeks, 4-unit specimens were stretched to 200 g again for another 4 weeks in vivo. The force value and the percentage of force degradation were recorded at each measurement time interval in the in vivo and in vitro groups.
RESULTS
The force degradation of elastomeric chains was greatest within the initial 4 hours, followed by a more stable phase after 1 week. The average force degradation of 4-unit elastomeric chains after 4 weeks was in vivo (64.8%) > artificial saliva (55.0%) > dry air (46.42%) (P < 0.05). The force degradation of NiTi coil springs in vivo (15.36%) or in artificial saliva (15.8%) was greater than in dry air (7.6%) (P < 0.05). NiTi coil springs presented a gentler force decay than elastomeric chains during the period (P < 0.05). In vivo, the force degradation of pre-stretched and reused elastomeric chains decreased less than the regular style(P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The force degradation of the elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs varied in different environments. NiTi coil springs presented a gentler force decay than elastomeric chains during the period. Orthodontists should consider the force degradation characteristics of orthodontic accessories in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Saliva, Artificial; Nickel; Titanium; Elasticity; Orthodontic Appliances; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Wires
PubMed: 38097980
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03737-x