-
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2024This study investigated torque expression in maxillary incisors using two passive self-ligating bracket types (Damon Q and Pitts 21) placed at different heights using...
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated torque expression in maxillary incisors using two passive self-ligating bracket types (Damon Q and Pitts 21) placed at different heights using the Finite element method.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two passive self-ligating brackets, Damon Q (Ormco, USA) and Pitts 21 (OC Orthodontics, USA) were 3D modeled using micro-computed tomography. Damon Q (0.022ˮ x 0.028″ slot size) and Pitts 21 (0.021ˮ x 0.021″ slot size) brackets were placed on a maxillary central incisor at predetermined vertical heights. Arch wires of size 0.019ˮ x 0.025″ stainless steel (Damon Q) and 0.020ˮ x 0.020" Titanium Molybdenum (Pitts 21) were placed in the bracket slots.
RESULTS
Pitts 21 brackets showed higher torquing moments at all bonding heights as compared to Damon Q brackets. The minimum torquing moment was 9.03Nmm at 5 mm for Damon Q and the maximum torquing moment was 14.92Nmm for Pitts 21 at a bracket bonding height of 8 mm. Total deformation for Pitts 21 at a height of 5 mm from the incisal edge was 0.61 × 10mm as compared to that of Damon Q which was 0.41 × 10mm. Lowest Von Mises stress values were at 27.07 MPa in Damon Q brackets at a bracket height of 5 mm from the incisal edge. Highest Von Mises stress values were 36.80 MPa for Pitts 21 brackets at a bracket height of 8 mm from the incisal edge.
CONCLUSION
Pitts 21 brackets exhibited superior torquing characteristics compared to Damon Q. Total deformation in Pitts 21 was higher than Damon Q at all tested bracket bonding heights.
PubMed: 38293569
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.003 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the load deflection characteristics of Gummetal wires in comparison to nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires. Four different NiTi wires...
The aim of this study was to investigate the load deflection characteristics of Gummetal wires in comparison to nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires. Four different NiTi wires and one Gummetal archwire were analyzed in two dimensions (0.014″ (0.36 mm) and 0.016″ × 0.022″ (0.41 mm × 0.56 mm)) and in two different orientations (edgewise and ribbonwise) using three-point bending tests at T = 37 °C. Force-displacement curves were recorded and analyzed. The Gummetal 0.014″ wires exhibited higher forces compared to the NiTi wires at 2.0 mm deflection. At 1.0 mm deflection, the opposite pattern was observed. For the 0.016″ × 0.022″ Gummetal wires, the forces were within the force interval of the NiTi wires at 2.0 mm deflection. At a deflection of 1.0 mm, no residual force was measurable for the Gummetal wires. All the NiTi wires investigated showed hysteresis and a superelastic plateau. However, the Gummetal did not form a plateau, but hysteresis was present. An easier plastic deformability compared to the NiTi wires was observed for all the tested geometries.
PubMed: 38276472
DOI: 10.3390/ma17020533 -
International Journal of Clinical... Nov 2023To summarize and analyze all the available literature on the use of over-the-counter toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening agents and their possible effects on... (Review)
Review
AIM
To summarize and analyze all the available literature on the use of over-the-counter toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening agents and their possible effects on orthodontic treatment.
BACKGROUND
Tooth color change frequently occurs during orthodontic treatment and represents a self-perceived need. According to the patient's perspective, there is a preference for the use of toothpaste and mouthwashes with some whitening effect.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic bibliographic search in English was carried out until June 2022, in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials and experimental laboratory studies were included.
REVIEW RESULTS
A total of 57 papers were obtained from an electronic search and 11 studies were included in the review. Outcomes such as strength force elastomeric, color stability, frictional resistance, ion release, shear bond strength (SBS), and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated.
CONCLUSION
Toothpaste and mouthwashes with whitening action did not have a favorable effect on most of the outcomes evaluated. In some cases regular toothpaste showed a better effect and in other cases, there were no differences with the control group. Only in the outcome release of ions from wires to whitening effect in teeth with or without attached brackets, they have a better performance.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Due to the unfavorable effects of over-the-counter whitening toothpaste and mouthwashes on orthodontic materials and appliances, their use should be justified during treatment.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Chinchay-Ruesta S, Ortiz-Pizarro M, Rodríguez-Díaz DR, Effect of Over-the-counter Whitening Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Orthodontics: A Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S311-S316.
PubMed: 38268642
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2703 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024The presence of high-density and high-atomic number materials results in the generation of artifacts in cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. To minimize...
A Quantitative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm in Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Images with Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets and Arch Wires: An Ex Vivo Study.
The presence of high-density and high-atomic number materials results in the generation of artifacts in cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. To minimize artifacts in CBCT images, the metal artifact reduction (MAR) tool was developed. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the MAR algorithm in CBCT images of teeth with stainless steel orthodontic brackets with or without arch wires in buccal and lingual positions obtained using the Galileos Sirona CBCT scanner. In this in vitro study, 20 stainless steel brackets were attached to the maxillary dentition from the right second premolar to the left second premolar teeth of a human skull. In the first group, 10 brackets were bonded to the buccal surface, and in the second group, 10 brackets were bonded to the palatal surface of these teeth. CBCT scans were obtained for each group with or without orthodontic stainless steel wires using a Galileos Sirona CBCT scanner with exposure parameters of 85 kVp and 21 mAs. CBCT images were obtained two times with and two times without MAR activation. The DICOM format of the CBCT images was imported to ImageJ software (version 1.54), and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated and compared for each bracket in 15 and 20 mm distances and 20, 40, and 90 degrees on each side. Statistical analysis was performed using the test (α = 0.05). CNR values of different distances and different teeth were not significantly different between the two MAR modes ( > 0.05). MAR activation had a significant impact in increasing CNR and reducing artifacts only when brackets were in palatal ( = 0.03). In the other bracket and wire positions, the effect of the MAR algorithm on CNR was not significant ( > 0.05). In conclusion, MAR activation significantly increased CNR, but only when the brackets were in a palatal position. In the other bracket and wire positions, the effect of the MAR algorithm is not significant.
PubMed: 38248036
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020159 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2023Static friction force between the orthodontic brackets and wire impacts the sliding mechanics that affect teeth movements and treatment duration. This sliding media is...
Assessment of the influence of metal ions released from the fixed orthodontic appliances on the static friction and surface topography of stainless steel and I archwires: An study.
BACKGROUND
Static friction force between the orthodontic brackets and wire impacts the sliding mechanics that affect teeth movements and treatment duration. This sliding media is jam-packed with released metal ions from the fixed appliances. This study aimed to assess the static frictional force and surface topography of stainless steel (SS) and I archwires in dry conditions and in media fully with metal ions that were released from fixed appliances.
METHODS
In this research study, a set of 60 as-received straight archwires specimens (5 cm wire) were employed and categorized into two groups based on the material type [30 super elastics new I archwires gauge (0.018 × 0.014 inch) and 30 SS archwires 0.018 × 0.022" as a control]. The archwires' static friction force was measured while sliding a loaded Roth SS brackets (0.018") on the archwire using a universal tensile testing machine in dry and metal ions released media, while the surface topography was assessed using a noncontact AFM machine.
RESULTS
The static friction of I archwire was significantly lower than the SS wire in dry condition. Metal ions media released from fixed appliances significantly reduced the Static friction compared to dry and wet conditions with deionized water for both wires. An Atomic Force Microscope machine surface roughness reports revealed that the highest mean of all three roughness parameters was found in the SS group, followed by I archwires in descending order. Additionally, metal ions media significantly reduce all roughness parameters.
PubMed: 38234657
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_58_23 -
Journal of Oral Science 2024To investigate the surface topography and nickel content of nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires exposed to either routine oral hygiene or a prophylactic regimen with casein... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Influence of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on the surface topography and composition of nickel-titanium archwires during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
PURPOSE
To investigate the surface topography and nickel content of nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires exposed to either routine oral hygiene or a prophylactic regimen with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) during orthodontic treatment.
METHODS
This in vivo study involved 40 orthodontic patients with fixed appliances, who were randomly assigned to either a routine oral hygiene group or a CPP-ACP supplementary regimen group. Twenty new NiTi archwires served as controls. All archwires underwent scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy to evaluate their surface topography and elemental composition. The nickel content was quantified as a percentage of total weight and the Ni/Ti ratio, and statistical comparisons were made using pairwise tests.
RESULTS
Wires exposed to fluoride toothpaste showed signs of pitting corrosion, deep grooves, and corrosion debris. In contrast, wires exposed to supplementary CPP-ACP exhibited smooth surface areas interspersed with microdefects and deposits. Statistically significant differences in nickel content were found between the new and retrieved archwires, as well as between wires exposed to routine oral hygiene and CPP-ACP (P < 0.001). The archwires exposed to CPP-ACP had the lowest nickel content (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The use of CPP-ACP holds promise for application as a safe anticariogenic agent with possible protective properties during orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Humans; Phosphopeptides; Caseins; Nickel; Titanium; Dental Alloys; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Surface Properties; Materials Testing; Calcium Phosphates
PubMed: 38233156
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0276 -
Cureus Dec 2023Introduction One of the prime reasons for patients seeking orthodontic treatment is improvement in their aesthetics or appearance. With a greater number of adult...
Introduction One of the prime reasons for patients seeking orthodontic treatment is improvement in their aesthetics or appearance. With a greater number of adult patients now opting for orthodontic treatment, the demand for aesthetic orthodontic materials has increased. With the background of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the popular role of strongly pigmented beverages that play an immunity-boosting role, studies exploring the effect of such beverages on orthodontic appliances may improve the decision-making process of selecting such aesthetic appliances. Materials and methods Four brands of wires and six beverages were included in this study. The wires were Teflon-, epoxy-, or ceramic-coated. Convenience sampling was done, and five samples of each brand were prepared to be tested in each solution. Samples were tested under a spectrophotometer after immersing them in various solutions for two, four, and eight weeks. A comparison of aesthetic degradation due to color changes amongst four brands of archwires was done by applying the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. P values were calculated for all samples to determine whether the color change that occurred in the samples was statistically significant or not. Results Overall results showed that none of the archwires resisted color change after being immersed in staining solutions after two, four, and eight weeks, respectively, which was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion At the end of all time intervals, none of the archwires resisted a color change irrespective of the brand or coating of archwires. This result was found to be statistically significant. With respect to the solutions, all solutions from Chyavanprash, tea, coffee, vitamin C, turmeric milk, and AYUSH kadha displayed a staining effect on all the aesthetic archwires.
PubMed: 38222173
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50542 -
The Angle Orthodontist May 2024To compare orthodontic treatment (OT) outcome in adolescents undergoing nonextraction fixed OT with or without bonding of second molars using the score of the American...
OBJECTIVES
To compare orthodontic treatment (OT) outcome in adolescents undergoing nonextraction fixed OT with or without bonding of second molars using the score of the American Board of Orthodontics Cast Radiograph Evaluation (C-R-Eval).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study included healthy adolescents with skeletal Class I or mild Class II/Class III malocclusion, normal or deep overbite (OB), and mild-to-moderate dental crowding (<5 mm) who underwent nonextraction fixed OT with ("bonded" group) or without ("not-bonded" group) bonding of second molars. Patient treatment records, pre- and posttreatment digital models, lateral cephalograms, and orthopantomograms were assessed. The evaluated outcomes included leveling of the curve of Spee (COS), OB, control of incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA), number of emergency visits (related to poking wires and/or bracket failure of the terminal molar tubes), treatment duration, and C-R-Eval. Treatment variables were compared across time points and among groups.
RESULTS
The sample included 30 patients (mean age 16.07 ± 1.80 years) in the bonded group and 32 patients (mean age 15.69 ± 1.86 years) in the not-bonded group. The mean overall C-R-Eval score was significantly higher (P < .001) in the not-bonded group (25.25 ± 3.98) than in the bonded group (17.70 ± 2.97). There were no significant differences in mean changes of COS, OB, IMPA, or treatment duration among groups. The mean number of emergency visits was significantly higher in the bonded (3.3 ± 0.6) than the not-bonded group (1.9 ± 0.4) (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Bonding of second molars enhances the outcome of nonextraction fixed OT as demonstrated by the C-R-Eval without increasing treatment duration, irrespective of more emergency visits.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Molar; Orthodontics, Corrective; Treatment Outcome; Radiography, Panoramic; Cephalometry; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Organophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 38195055
DOI: 10.2319/071223-487.1 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023To compare force degradation of elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs in vivo and in vitro, and evaluate the effects of pre-stretched and reused elastomeric chains in...
OBJECTIVE
To compare force degradation of elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs in vivo and in vitro, and evaluate the effects of pre-stretched and reused elastomeric chains in the oral cavity during the time.
METHODS
In the in vitro groups, 4-unit elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs with an initial force of 200 g were placed in dry air and artificial saliva. The volunteers wore clear retainers which were used to hold the sample of 4-unit chains, pre-stretched 4-unit chains, and NiTi coil springs with the initial force of 200 g in the in vivo groups. After the first 4 weeks, 4-unit specimens were stretched to 200 g again for another 4 weeks in vivo. The force value and the percentage of force degradation were recorded at each measurement time interval in the in vivo and in vitro groups.
RESULTS
The force degradation of elastomeric chains was greatest within the initial 4 hours, followed by a more stable phase after 1 week. The average force degradation of 4-unit elastomeric chains after 4 weeks was in vivo (64.8%) > artificial saliva (55.0%) > dry air (46.42%) (P < 0.05). The force degradation of NiTi coil springs in vivo (15.36%) or in artificial saliva (15.8%) was greater than in dry air (7.6%) (P < 0.05). NiTi coil springs presented a gentler force decay than elastomeric chains during the period (P < 0.05). In vivo, the force degradation of pre-stretched and reused elastomeric chains decreased less than the regular style(P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The force degradation of the elastomeric chains and NiTi coil springs varied in different environments. NiTi coil springs presented a gentler force decay than elastomeric chains during the period. Orthodontists should consider the force degradation characteristics of orthodontic accessories in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Saliva, Artificial; Nickel; Titanium; Elasticity; Orthodontic Appliances; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Wires
PubMed: 38097980
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03737-x -
Cureus Nov 2023Superelastic materials have gained popularity due to their ability to maintain a constant force over a prolonged period during orthodontic treatment. However, high...
BACKGROUND
Superelastic materials have gained popularity due to their ability to maintain a constant force over a prolonged period during orthodontic treatment. However, high hysteresis and frictional properties had limited the use of superelastics as archwire material that demanded the need for improved superelastic orthodontic archwires with enhanced mechanical properties.
AIM
The present study aimed to investigate the differences in mechanical properties and frictional resistance of improved superelastic orthodontic archwires against conventional archwires and to evaluate their potential implications in clinical orthodontic practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 45 samples with 15 in each category respectively from low hysteresis superelastic archwire (L&H Titan; Tomy Inc., Tokyo, Japan), nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires (Ormco, Brea, CA, USA) and NiTi with copper (CuNiTi) archwires (Ormco) of equal diameter (0.016 x .022 inches) and length (10 cm) were randomly assigned in combination among metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets group. The frictional properties of the archwires were measured using a universal testing machine (Instron, Norwood, MA, USA) equipped with a custom-made jig. The load-displacement data were recorded, and other mechanical properties that included tensile strength, compressive strength and deflective force at 4mm were also evaluated. The data were analysed using independent Student t-tests to compare the mean frictional resistance of the three archwires followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate differences between the means with p-value of less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The improved superelastic wires had the least frictional resistance among the three archwires tested. Further intergroup comparison to evaluate differences between the frictional resistance means among the three archwire categories with two orthodontic brackets groups revealed a significant difference at p<.05. Pairwise comparison also showed significant differences with higher frictional resistance between metal brackets and low hysteresis superelastic archwire category than ceramic brackets and NiTi with copper archwires (.0003) and ceramic brackets with NiTi archwires category (.003) respectively. The lowest deflective force at 4mm with better tensile and compressive strength was seen with the improved superelastic wires.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that low hysteresis superelastic archwires have lower frictional forces when combined with metal orthodontic brackets compared with ceramic orthodontic brackets. Better tensile strength with least compressive strength and deflective forces at 4mm of testing among low hysteresis L&H Titan superelastic archwire than CuNiTi and NiTi archwires was observed making them potentially advantageous for orthodontic applications.
PubMed: 38060728
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48334