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PeerJ 2024The aim of the current study was to assess the potency of the exopolymeric substances (EPS)-secreting purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) on rice plants on acidic...
The aim of the current study was to assess the potency of the exopolymeric substances (EPS)-secreting purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) on rice plants on acidic salt-affected soil under greenhouse conditions. A two-factor experiment was conducted following a completely randomized block design. The first factor was the salinity of the irrigation, and the other factor was the application of the EPS producing PNSB ( EPS18, EPS37, and EPS54), with four replicates. The result illustrated that irrigation of salt water at 3-4‰ resulted in an increase in the Na accumulation in soil, resulting in a lower rice grain yield by 12.9-22.2% in comparison with the 0‰ salinity case. Supplying the mixture of EPS18, EPS37, and EPS54 increased pH by 0.13, NH by 2.30 mg NH kg, and available P by 8.80 mg P kg, and decreased Na by 0.348 meq Na 100 g, resulting in improvements in N, P, and K uptake and reductions in Na uptake, in comparison with the treatment without bacteria. Thus, the treatments supplied with the mixture of EPS18, EPS37, and EPS54 resulted in greater yield by 27.7% than the control treatment.
Topics: Oryza; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Salinity; Salt Stress; Proteobacteria; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Sodium
PubMed: 38770100
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16943 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... May 2024Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis by up-regulating aquaporin 2 (AQP2)...
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis by up-regulating aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in renal medullary collecting ducts; however, its role in the survival of renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) under hypertonic conditions remains unclear. We cultured primary mouse RMICs and found that the FXR was expressed constitutively in RMICs, and that its expression was significantly up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by hypertonic stress. Using luciferase and ChIP assays, we found a potential binding site of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) located in the FXR gene promoter which can be bound and activated by NF-κB. Moreover, hypertonic stress-induced cell death in RMICs was significantly attenuated by FXR activation but worsened by FXR inhibition. Furthermore, FXR increased the expression and nuclear translocation of hypertonicity-induced tonicity-responsive enhance-binding protein (TonEBP), the expressions of its downstream target gene sodium myo-inositol transporter (SMIT), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The present study demonstrates that the NF-κB/FXR/TonEBP pathway protects RMICs against hypertonic stress.
Topics: Animals; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction; Mice; Kidney Medulla; Osmotic Pressure; Aquaporin 2; Transcription Factors; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Cells, Cultured; Gene Expression Regulation; Symporters; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
PubMed: 38769917
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18409 -
The American Journal of Case Reports May 2024BACKGROUND Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare renal disorder that can be congenital, and is caused by mutations in either aquaporin 2 or arginine vasopressin...
A Rare Case of Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Associated with Aquaporin 2 Gene Mutation and Subsequent Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Impact of Steroids on Kidney Function.
BACKGROUND Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare renal disorder that can be congenital, and is caused by mutations in either aquaporin 2 or arginine vasopressin receptor 2, or it can be secondary to kidney disease or electrolyte imbalance. The clinical signs of NDI include polyuria, compensatory polydipsia, hypernatremic dehydration, and growth retardation without prompt treatment. In this report, we present the case of a patient with congenital NDI who was later diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). With dexamethasone treatment, he had uncontrolled polyuria and polydipsia. Our aim was to concentrate on the impact of steroids on the kidneys. CASE REPORT Our patient presented at the age of 9 months with signs of severe dehydration that were associated with polyuria. His laboratory examinations revealed hypernatremia and decreased urine osmolality. He was diagnosed with NDI and his exome sequence revealed a homozygous mutation at the nucleotide position AQP2 NM_000486.6: c.374C>T (p.Thr125Met). He was treated with hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride. Then, at age 19 months, he presented with gastroenteritis and a complete blood count (CBC) showed high white blood cell count and blast cells. He was diagnosed with (ALL) and began receiving chemotherapy, during which again developed polydipsia and polyuria, which could not be controlled with an increased dosage of hydrochlorothiazide. CONCLUSIONS We report a rare case of NDI caused by a missense mutation in the aquaporin 2 gene. One year later, the child developed ALL, and treatment with dexamethasone led to an uncompensated state of polydipsia and polyuria.
Topics: Humans; Male; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic; Aquaporin 2; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Infant; Dexamethasone; Mutation; Glucocorticoids
PubMed: 38769718
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.943597 -
Nature Communications May 2024The identification of genes involved in salinity tolerance has primarily focused on model plants and crops. However, plants naturally adapted to highly saline...
The identification of genes involved in salinity tolerance has primarily focused on model plants and crops. However, plants naturally adapted to highly saline environments offer valuable insights into tolerance to extreme salinity. Salicornia plants grow in coastal salt marshes, stimulated by NaCl. To understand this tolerance, we generated genome sequences of two Salicornia species and analyzed the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of Salicornia bigelovii to NaCl. Subcellular membrane proteomes reveal that SbiSOS1, a homolog of the well-known SALT-OVERLY-SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1) protein, appears to localize to the tonoplast, consistent with subcellular localization assays in tobacco. This neo-localized protein can pump Na into the vacuole, preventing toxicity in the cytosol. We further identify 11 proteins of interest, of which SbiSALTY, substantially improves yeast growth on saline media. Structural characterization using NMR identified it as an intrinsically disordered protein, localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum in planta, where it can interact with ribosomes and RNA, stabilizing or protecting them during salt stress.
Topics: Chenopodiaceae; Plant Proteins; Salt Tolerance; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Vacuoles; Salinity; Sodium Chloride; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Salt Stress; Proteomics; Nicotiana; Transcriptome
PubMed: 38769297
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48595-5 -
PeerJ 2024Genetic variation for salt tolerance remains elusive in jamun ().
BACKGROUND
Genetic variation for salt tolerance remains elusive in jamun ().
METHODS
Effects of gradually increased salinity (2.0-12.0 dS/m) were examined in 20 monoembryonic and 28 polyembryonic genotypes of jamun. Six genotypes were additionally assessed for understanding salt-induced changes in gas exchange attributes and antioxidant enzymes.
RESULTS
Salt-induced reductions in leaf, stem, root and plant dry mass (PDM) were relatively greater in mono- than in poly-embryonic types. Reductions in PDM relative to control implied more adverse impacts of salinity on genotypes CSJ-28, CSJ-31, CSJ-43 and CSJ-47 (mono) and CSJ-1, CSJ-24, CSJ-26 and CSJ-27 (poly). Comparably, some mono- (CSJ-5, CSJ-18) and poly-embryonic (CSJ-7, CSJ-8, CSJ-14, CSJ-19) genotypes exhibited least reductions in PDM following salt treatment. Most polyembryonic genotypes showed lower reductions in root than in shoot mass, indicating that they may be more adept at absorbing water and nutrients when exposed to salt. The majority of genotypes did not exhibit leaf tip burn and marginal scorch despite significant increases in Na and Cl, suggesting that tissue tolerance existed for storing excess Na and Cl in vacuoles. Jamun genotypes were likely more efficient in Cl exclusion because leaf, stem and root Cl levels were consistently lower than those of Na under salt treatment. Leaf K was particularly little affected in genotypes with high leaf Na. Lack of discernible differences in leaf, stem and root Ca and Mg contents between control and salt treatments was likely due to their preferential uptake. Correlation analysis suggested that Na probably had a greater inhibitory effect on biomass in both mono- and poly-embryonic types. Discriminant analysis revealed that while stem and root Cl probably accounted for shared responses, root Na, leaf K and leaf Cl explained divergent responses to salt stress of mono- and poly-embryonic types. Genotypes CSJ-18 and CSJ-19 seemed efficient in fending off oxidative damage caused by salt because of their stronger antioxidant defences.
CONCLUSIONS
Polyembryonic genotypes CSJ-7, CSJ-8, CSJ-14 and CSJ-19, which showed least reductions in biomass even after prolonged exposure to salinity stress, may be used as salt-tolerant rootstocks. The biochemical and molecular underpinnings of tissue tolerance to excess Na and Cl as well as preferential uptake of K, Ca, and Mg need to be elucidated.
Topics: Syzygium; Genotype; Salt Stress; Salt Tolerance; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Salinity; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38766484
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17311 -
Kidney International Reports Apr 2024Tolvaptan has been shown to reduce renal volume and delay disease progression in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, no biomarkers are...
INTRODUCTION
Tolvaptan has been shown to reduce renal volume and delay disease progression in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, no biomarkers are currently available to guide dose adjustment. We aimed to explore the possibility of individualized tolvaptan dose adjustments based on cut-off values for urinary osmolality (OsmU).
METHODS
This prospective cohort study included patients with ADPKD, with rapid disease progression. Tolvaptan treatment was initiated at a dose of 45/15 mg and increased based on OsmU, with a limit set at 200 mOsm/kg. Primary renal events (25% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] during treatment), within-patient eGFR slope, and side effects were monitored during the 3-year follow-up.
RESULTS
Forty patients participated in the study. OsmU remained below 200 mOsm/kg throughout the study period, and most patients required the minimum tolvaptan dose (mean dose, 64 [±10] mg), with a low discontinuation rate (5%). The mean annual decline in eGFR was -3.05 (±2.41) ml/min per 1.73 m during tolvaptan treatment, compared to the period preceding treatment, corresponding to a reduction in eGFR decline of more than 50%. Primary renal events occurred in 20% of patients (mean time to onset, 31 months; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 28-34).
CONCLUSION
Individualized tolvaptan dose adjustment based on OsmU in patients with ADPKD and rapid disease progression provided benefits in terms of reducing eGFR decline, compared with reference studies, and displayed lower dropout rates and fewer side effects. Further studies are required to confirm optimal strategies for the use of OsmU for tolvaptan dose adjustment in patients with ADPKD.
PubMed: 38765583
DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.020 -
Scientific Reports May 2024In the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process, interfacial tension (IFT) has become a crucial factor because of its impact on the recovery of residual oil. The use of...
In the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process, interfacial tension (IFT) has become a crucial factor because of its impact on the recovery of residual oil. The use of surfactants and biosurfactants can reduce IFT and enhance oil recovery by decreasing it. Asphaltene in crude oil has the structural ability to act as a surface-active material. In microbial-enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), biosurfactant production, even in small amounts, is a significant mechanism that reduces IFT. This study aimed to investigate fluid/fluid interaction by combining low biosurfactant values and low-salinity water using NaCl, MgCl, and CaCl salts at concentrations of 0, 1000, and 5000 ppm, along with Geobacillus stearothermophilus. By evaluating the IFT, this study investigated different percentages of 0, 1, and 5 wt.% of varying asphaltene with aqueous bulk containing low-salinity water and its combination with bacteria. The results indicated G. Stearothermophilus led to the formation of biosurfactants, resulting in a reduction in IFT for both acidic and basic asphaltene. Moreover, the interaction between asphaltene and G. Stearothermophilus with higher asphaltene percentages showed a decrease in IFT under both acidic and basic conditions. Additionally, the study found that the interaction between acidic asphaltene and G. stearothermophilus, in the presence of CaCl, NaCl, and MgCl salts, resulted in a higher formation of biosurfactants and intrinsic surfactants at the interface of the two phases, in contrast to the interaction involving basic asphaltene. These findings emphasize the dependence of the interactions between asphaltene and G. Stearothermophilus, salt, and bacteria on the specific type and concentration of asphaltene.
Topics: Surface Tension; Salinity; Surface-Active Agents; Water; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; Sodium Chloride; Petroleum; Calcium Chloride
PubMed: 38762671
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62255-0 -
Journal of Environmental Management Jun 2024Soil salinization is a significant global issue that leads to land degradation and loss of ecological function. In coastal areas, salinization hampers vegetation growth,...
Soil salinization is a significant global issue that leads to land degradation and loss of ecological function. In coastal areas, salinization hampers vegetation growth, and forestation efforts can accelerate the recovery of ecological functions and enhance resilience to extreme climates. However, the salinity tolerance of tree species varies due to complex biological factors, and results between lab/greenhouse and field studies are often inconsistent. Moreover, in salinized areas affected by extreme climatic and human impacts, afforestation with indigenous species may face adaptability challenges. Therefore, it is crucial to select appropriate cross-species salinity tolerance indicators that have been validated in the field to enhance the success of afforestation and reforestation efforts. This study focuses on five native coastal tree species in Taiwan, conducting afforestation experiments on salt-affected soils mixed with construction and demolition waste. It integrates short-term controlled experiments with potted seedlings and long-term field observations to establish growth performance and physiological and biochemical parameters indicative of salinity tolerance. Results showed that Heritiera littoralis Dryand. exhibited the highest salinity tolerance, accumulating significant leaf proline under increased salinity. Conversely, Melia azedarach Linn. had the lowest tolerance, evidenced by complete defoliation and reduced biomass under salt stress. Generally, the field growth performance of these species aligns with the results of short-term pot experiments. Leaf malondialdehyde content from pot experiments proved to be a reliable cross-species salinity tolerance indicator, correlating negatively with field relative height growth and survival rates. Additionally, parameters related to the photosynthetic system or water status, measured using portable devices, also moderately indicated field survival, aiding in identifying potential salt-tolerant tree species. This study underscores the pivotal role of species selection in afforestation success, demonstrating that small-scale, short-term salinity control experiments coupled with appropriate assessment tools can effectively identify species suitable for highly saline and degraded environments. This approach not only increases the success of afforestation but also conserves resources needed for field replanting and maintenance, supporting sustainable development goals.
Topics: Soil; Salinity; Taiwan; Trees; Salt Tolerance; Conservation of Natural Resources
PubMed: 38761629
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121126 -
BMC Plant Biology May 2024Soil salinity is one of the major menaces to food security, particularly in dealing with the food demand of the ever-increasing global population. Production of cereal...
BACKGROUND
Soil salinity is one of the major menaces to food security, particularly in dealing with the food demand of the ever-increasing global population. Production of cereal crops such as wheat is severely affected by soil salinity and improper fertilization. The present study aimed to examine the effect of selected microbes and poultry manure (PM) on seedling emergence, physiology, nutrient uptake, and growth of wheat in saline soil. A pot experiment was carried out in research area of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Saline soil (12 dS m w/w) was developed by spiking using sodium chloride, and used in experiment along with two microbial strains (i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis MH-2 and Achromobacter denitrificans MH-6) and PM. Finally, wheat seeds (variety Akbar-2019) were sown in amended and unamended soil, and pots were placed following a completely randomized design. The wheat crop was harvested after 140 days of sowing.
RESULTS
The results showed a 10-39% increase (compared to non-saline control) in agronomic, physiological, and nutritive attributes of wheat plants when augmented with PM and microbes. Microbes together with PM significantly enhanced seedling emergence (up to 38%), agronomic (up to 36%), and physiological (up to 33%) in saline soil as compared to their respective unamended control. Moreover, the co-use of microbes and PM also improved soil's physicochemical attributes and enhanced N (i.e., 21.7%-17.1%), P (i.e., 24.1-29.3%), and K (i.e., 28.7%-25.3%) availability to the plant (roots and shoots, respectively). Similarly, the co-use of amendments also lowered the Na contents in soil (i.e., up to 62%) as compared to unamended saline control. This is the first study reporting the effects of the co-addition of newly identified salt-tolerant bacterial strains and PM on seedling emergence, physiology, nutrient uptake, and growth of wheat in highly saline soil.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that co-using a multi-trait bacterial culture and PM could be an appropriate option for sustainable crop production in salt-affected soil.
Topics: Triticum; Manure; Soil; Animals; Salinity; Poultry; Soil Microbiology; Seedlings; Fertilizers; Alcaligenes faecalis
PubMed: 38760709
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05137-x -
BMC Plant Biology May 2024Salinity is one major abiotic stress affecting photosynthesis, plant growth, and development, resulting in low-input crops. Although photosynthesis underlies the...
BACKGROUND
Salinity is one major abiotic stress affecting photosynthesis, plant growth, and development, resulting in low-input crops. Although photosynthesis underlies the substantial productivity and biomass storage of crop yield, the response of the sunflower photosynthetic machinery to salinity imposition and how HS mitigates the salinity-induced photosynthetic injury remains largely unclear. Seed priming with 0.5 mM NaHS, as a donor of HS, was adopted to analyze this issue under NaCl stress. Primed and nonprime seeds were established in nonsaline soil irrigated with tape water for 14 d, and then the seedlings were exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 7 d under controlled growth conditions.
RESULTS
Salinity stress significantly harmed plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, the structural integrity of chloroplasts, and mesophyll cells. HS priming improved the growth parameters, relative water content, stomatal density and aperture, photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency of PSII, photosynthetic performance, soluble sugar as well as soluble protein contents while reducing proline and ABA under salinity. HS also boosted the transcriptional level of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene (HaRBCS). Further, the transmission electron microscope showed that under HS priming and salinity stress, mesophyll cells maintained their cell membrane integrity and integrated chloroplasts with well-developed thylakoid membranes.
CONCLUSION
The results underscore the importance of HS priming in maintaining photochemical efficiency, Rubisco activity, and preserving the chloroplast structure which participates in salinity stress adaptation, and possibly sunflower productivity under salinity imposition. This underpins retaining and minimizing the injury to the photosynthetic machinery to be a crucial trait in response of sunflower to salinity stress.
Topics: Helianthus; Photosynthesis; Seedlings; Salt Stress; Hydrogen Sulfide; Osmoregulation; Chloroplasts; Salinity
PubMed: 38760671
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05071-y