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Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Mar 2024The purpose of this study is to investigate the electroosmotic flow of a hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu/Blood) with gyrotactic microorganisms through a bifurcated artery...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to investigate the electroosmotic flow of a hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu/Blood) with gyrotactic microorganisms through a bifurcated artery with mild stenosis in both parent and daughter arteries. The flow is subjected to a uniform magnetic field, viscous dissipation, and a heat source.
METHODS
The governing equations undergo the non-dimensional transformation and coordinate conversion to regularize irregular boundaries, then solve the resulting system using the Crank-Nicolson method.
RESULTS
In both sections of the bifurcated artery (parent and daughter artery), the wall shear stress (WSS) profile decreases with increasing stenotic depth. Nusselt profile increases with an increase in the heat source parameter.
CONCLUSIONS
The present endeavour can be beneficial for designing better biomedical devices and gaining insight into the hemodynamic flow for therapeutic applications in the biomedical sciences.
Topics: Humans; Constriction, Pathologic; Electroosmosis; Hemodynamics; Arteries; Hot Temperature
PubMed: 38538264
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2903110 -
Membranes Mar 2024The operation of coal-fired power plants generates a large amount of wastewater. With the issuance of increasingly strict drainage standards, the cost of wastewater...
The operation of coal-fired power plants generates a large amount of wastewater. With the issuance of increasingly strict drainage standards, the cost of wastewater treatment is increasing, and the need to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly urgent. Thus, based on the principles of reverse osmosis (RO) and mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) in wastewater treatment, the operational optimization of an RO-MVR joint system was studied in this work with the consideration of reducing the operating costs of wastewater treatment under given operational conditions. Firstly, based on the basic principles of RO and MVR, corresponding mechanism models were established and their accuracy was verified. Then, an economic model of the RO-MVR joint system was established, with the goal of minimizing the water production unit price and daily operating costs of the joint system for optimization analysis. Finally, we analyzed the cost and water production performance of the RO-MVR joint system before and after optimization under different operating conditions. The results show that this optimization based on the RO-MVR joint system will reduce the unit price of water production to 3.16 CNY/m, with the daily operating costs being decreased by 22% compared to before optimization. This result helps to reduce the cost of zero-discharge wastewater treatment in coal-fired power plants.
PubMed: 38535284
DOI: 10.3390/membranes14030065 -
Biosensors Feb 2024The rotation of cells is of significant importance in various applications including bioimaging, biophysical analysis and microsurgery. Current methods usually require...
The rotation of cells is of significant importance in various applications including bioimaging, biophysical analysis and microsurgery. Current methods usually require complicated fabrication processes. Herein, we proposed an induced charged electroosmosis (ICEO) based on a chip manipulation method for rotating cells. Under an AC electric field, symmetric ICEO flow microvortexes formed above the electrode surface can be used to trap and rotate cells. We have discussed the impact of ICEO and dielectrophoresis (DEP) under the experimental conditions. The capabilities of our method have been tested by investigating the precise rotation of yeast cells and K562 cells in a controllable manner. By adjusting the position of cells, the rotation direction can be changed based on the asymmetric ICEO microvortexes via applying a gate voltage to the gate electrode. Additionally, by applying a pulsed signal instead of a continuous signal, we can also precisely and flexibly rotate cells in a stepwise way. Our ICEO-based rotational manipulation method is an easy to use, biocompatible and low-cost technique, allowing rotation regardless of optical, magnetic or acoustic properties of the sample.
Topics: Acoustics; Electricity; Electrodes; Electroosmosis; Rotation; Humans
PubMed: 38534219
DOI: 10.3390/bios14030112 -
Nature Communications Mar 2024Recent advancements in membrane-assisted seawater electrolysis powered by renewable energy offer a sustainable path to green hydrogen production. However, its...
Recent advancements in membrane-assisted seawater electrolysis powered by renewable energy offer a sustainable path to green hydrogen production. However, its large-scale implementation faces challenges due to slow power-to-hydrogen (P2H) conversion rates. Here we report a modular forward osmosis-water splitting (FOWS) system that integrates a thin-film composite FO membrane for water extraction with alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), denoted as FOWS. This system generates high-purity hydrogen directly from wastewater at a rate of 448 Nm day m of membrane area, over 14 times faster than the state-of-the-art practice, with specific energy consumption as low as 3.96 kWh Nm. The rapid hydrogen production rate results from the utilisation of 1 M potassium hydroxide as a draw solution to extract water from wastewater, and as the electrolyte of AWE to split water and produce hydrogen. The current system enables this through the use of a potassium hydroxide-tolerant and hydrophilic FO membrane. The established water-hydrogen balance model can be applied to design modular FO and AWE units to meet demands at various scales, from households to cities, and from different water sources. The FOWS system is a sustainable and an economical approach for producing hydrogen at a record-high rate directly from wastewater, marking a significant leap in P2H practice.
PubMed: 38521862
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46964-8 -
Journal of Mathematical Biology Mar 2024Emerging and re-emerging pathogens are latent threats in our society with the risk of killing millions of people worldwide, without forgetting the severe economic and...
Emerging and re-emerging pathogens are latent threats in our society with the risk of killing millions of people worldwide, without forgetting the severe economic and educational backlogs. From COVID-19, we learned that self isolation and quarantine restrictions (confinement) were the main way of protection till availability of vaccines. However, abrupt lifting of social confinement would result in new waves of new infection cases and high death tolls. Here, inspired by how an extracellular solution can make water move into or out of a cell through osmosis, we define confinement tonicity. This can serve as a standalone measurement for the net direction and magnitude of flows between the confined and deconfined susceptible compartments. Numerical results offer insights on the effects of easing quarantine restrictions.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Epidemics; Quarantine
PubMed: 38519724
DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02064-1 -
Acute kidney injury in hospitalized children with proteinuria: A multicenter retrospective analysis.PloS One 2024Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized pediatric patients. Previous studies focused on adults found that proteinuria detected during an...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized pediatric patients. Previous studies focused on adults found that proteinuria detected during an admission urinalysis is fit to serve as an indicator for AKI and associated clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate if proteinuria on the first day of hospital services in hospitalized children is associated with AKI, need for renal replacement therapy, shock and/or antibiotic use, critical care services, and all-cause mortality at 30 days, hypothesizing that it is associated with these outcomes.
METHODS
This is a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX electronic health record data of patients 2 to 18 years of age who underwent urinalysis laboratory testing on hospital admission, had three subsequent days of hospital or critical care services billing codes and creatinine laboratory values, and no pre-existing renal-related complex chronic condition. This study evaluated for the frequency, odds, and severity of AKI as defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes modified criteria and assessed for associated clinical outcomes.
RESULTS
This study included 971 pediatric subjects [435 (44.7%) with proteinuria]. Proteinuria on the first day of hospital services was associated with an increased odds for higher severity AKI on any day of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 2.41, CI 1.8-3.23, p<0.001), need for renal replacement therapy (OR 4.58, CI 1.69-12.4, p = 0.001), shock and/or antibiotic use (OR 1.34, CI 1.03-1.75, p = 0.033), and all-cause mortality at 30 days post-admission (OR 10.0, CI 1.25-80.5, p = 0.013).
CONCLUSION
Children with proteinuria on the first day of hospital care services may have an increased odds of higher severity AKI, need for renal replacement therapy, shock and/or antibiotic use, and all-cause mortality at 30 days post-admission, with no significant association found for critical care services, mechanical intubation, or inotrope or vasopressor use.
Topics: Child; Humans; Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Hospitalized; Hospital Mortality; Proteinuria; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Child, Preschool; Adolescent
PubMed: 38512840
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298463 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024Melon pest management relies on the excessive application of pesticides. Reducing pesticide spraying has become a global issue for environmental sustainability and human...
Melon pest management relies on the excessive application of pesticides. Reducing pesticide spraying has become a global issue for environmental sustainability and human health. Therefore, developing a new cropping system that is sustainable and eco-friendly is important. This study found that melon seedlings irrigated with ultrafine water containing H and O (UFW) produced more root hairs, increased shoot height, and produced more flowers than the control irrigated with reverse osmosis (RO) water. Surprisingly, we also discovered that UFW irrigation significantly reduced aphid infestation in melons. Based on cryo-scanning electron microscope (cryo-SEM) observations, UFW treatment enhanced trichome development and prevented aphid infestation. To investigate whether it was H or O that helped to deter insect infestation, we prepared UF water enrichment of H (UF+H) and O (UF+O) separately and irrigated melons. Cryo-SEM results indicated that both UF+H and UF+O can increase the density of trichomes in melon leaves and petioles. RT-qPCR showed that UF+H significantly increased the gene expression level of the trichome-related gene (). We planted melons in a plastic greenhouse and irrigated them with ultrafine water enrichment of hydrogen (UF+H) and oxygen (UF+O). The SPAD value, photosynthetic parameters, root weight, fruit weight, and fruit sweetness were all better than the control without ultrafine water irrigation. UFW significantly increased trichome development, enhanced insect resistance, and improved fruit traits. This system thus provides useful water management for pest control and sustainable agricultural production.
PubMed: 38498517
DOI: 10.3390/plants13040537 -
ArXiv Mar 2024From microscopic fungi to colossal whales, fluidic ejections are a universal and intricate phenomenon in biology, serving vital functions such as animal excretion, venom...
From microscopic fungi to colossal whales, fluidic ejections are a universal and intricate phenomenon in biology, serving vital functions such as animal excretion, venom spraying, prey hunting, spore dispersal, and plant guttation. This review delves into the complex fluid physics of ejections across various scales, exploring both muscle-powered active systems and passive mechanisms driven by gravity or osmosis. We introduce a framework using dimensionless numbers to delineate transitions from dripping to jetting and elucidate the governing forces. Highlighting the understudied area of complex fluid ejections, this work not only rationalizes the biophysics involved but also uncovers potential engineering applications in soft robotics, additive manufacturing, and drug delivery. By bridging biomechanics, the physics of living systems, and fluid dynamics, this review offers valuable insights into the diverse world of fluid ejections and paves the way for future bioinspired research across the spectrum of life.
PubMed: 38495571
DOI: No ID Found -
Heliyon Mar 2024The present study investigates the MHD electro-osmotic flow of entropy generation analysis for peristaltic movement in a nanofluid with temperature-dependent viscosity....
The present study investigates the MHD electro-osmotic flow of entropy generation analysis for peristaltic movement in a nanofluid with temperature-dependent viscosity. Long wavelengths, i.e., The magnitude of a wave's energy corresponds directly to its frequency while being inversely related to its wavelength in terms of velocity, temperature, and concentration, govern and confine the flow stream in the laminar region. Ohmic heating and hall effects are also included. Graphs are used to obtain and examine numerical solutions for axial velocity, temperature, concentration, Bejan number, and entropy generation. The effects of this research can help to improve pumping and gastrointestinal movements in different engineering devices. Debye-Huckel and lubrication approximations are studied to access the Boltzmann distribution of electric potential across an electric double layer. The investigations of an existing model are important in illuminating the microfluidics machinery used at the micro level for various transport phenomena in which fluids as well as particles are transported together. The current study has many applications and can be further extended to a three-dimensional profile with appropriate modifications and assumptions. When studying entropy generation, it is essential to examine the irreversible factors, while also taking into account the velocity and thermal slip conditions at channel boundaries. Moreover, the concept of entropy generation holds significant importance in comprehending various biological phenomena. Hence, the current research holds promising implications for both industrial and medical fields. The entropy generation is minimum at left wall of the channel for negative values of Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity.
PubMed: 38495186
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27185 -
Water Research May 2024A long-term field trial of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) was conducted in a remote community in the Northern Territory of Australia, with the aim of producing...
A long-term field trial of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) was conducted in a remote community in the Northern Territory of Australia, with the aim of producing safe palatable drinking water from groundwater that contains high concentrations of salt and hardness ions and other contaminants. This trial lasted for 1.5 years, which, to our knowledge, is one of the longest reported studies of pilot-scale MCDI field trials. The 8-module MCDI pilot unit reduced salt concentration to below the Australian Drinking Water Guideline value of 600 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration with a relatively high water recovery of 71.6 ± 8.7 %. During continuous constant current operation and electrode discharging at near zero volts, a rapid performance deterioration occurred that was primarily attributed to insufficient desorption of multivalent ions from the porous carbon electrodes. Performance could be temporarily recovered using chemical cleaning and modified operating procedures however these approaches could not fundamentally resolve the issue of insufficient electrode performance regeneration. Constant current discharging of the electrodes to a negative cell cut-off voltage was hence employed to enhance the stability and overall performance of the MCDI unit during the continuous operation. An increase in selectivity of monovalent ions over divalent ions was also attained by implementing negative voltage discharging. The energy consumption of an MCDI system with a capacity of 1000 m/day was projected to be 0.40∼0.53 kWh/m, which is comparable to the energy consumption of electrodialysis reversal (EDR) and brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) systems of the same capacity. The relatively low maintenance requirements of the MCDI system rendered it the most cost-efficient water treatment technology for deployment in remote locations. The LCOW of an MCDI system with a capacity of 1000 m/day was projected to be AU$1.059/m and AU$1.146/m under two operational modes, respectively. Further investigation of particular water-energy trade-offs amongst MCDI performance metrics is required to facilitate broader application of this promising water treatment technology.
Topics: Drinking Water; Adsorption; Australia; Carbon; Sodium Chloride; Ions; Water Purification; Electrodes
PubMed: 38489850
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121413