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Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2022To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), introduction of water, herbal teas, or other milks, as well as to identify the factors associated with the...
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), introduction of water, herbal teas, or other milks, as well as to identify the factors associated with the interruption of EBF at the 30th day after birth.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study using structured and pretested questionnaires applied to 310 mothers in two moments: in person, at the maternity ward; and at the time the infant was 30 days of age, by telephone call. Descriptive statistics and multivariate Poisson regression, following a multilevel hierarchical model according to the proximity to the outcome, were used to estimate the association between dependent and independent variables.
RESULTS
The maintenance of EBF at 30 days of age of the infant occurred in 85.2% of the sample, 1.6% receiving water, 11.5% herbal teas, and 8.2% other milk. Predictors for EBF interruption in the univariate analysis were the mothers' return to work or study activities shortly after the baby's birth (IR 2.88; 95%CI 1.14-7.25) and the use of a pacifier (IR 3.29; 95%CI 1.52-6.22). The interruption of EBF was lower in the group of participants who received support from the infant's maternal grandmother (IR 2.71; 95%CI 1.11-6.56) and their partner (IR 4.78; 95%CI 1.90-12.06). After a multivariate analysis, only the use of a pacifier (IR 5.47; 95%CI 2.38-19.3) and the partner's support (IR 6.87; 95%CI 2.04-23.1) maintained the association with the outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of EBF found in this study can be considered good, and future interventions aimed at increasing the duration of EBF in this population should take into account the participation of the partner and the reinforcement for not introducing the pacifier.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Pacifiers; Pregnancy; Teas, Herbal; Water
PubMed: 35703723
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2021096IN -
Endoscopic and Surgical Removal of Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies in Dogs: An Analysis of 72 Cases.Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2022In emergency veterinary practice, gastrointestinal foreign body (GFB) removal is a common procedure that is performed with different techniques, such as endoscopy or...
In emergency veterinary practice, gastrointestinal foreign body (GFB) removal is a common procedure that is performed with different techniques, such as endoscopy or surgery. The aims of this retrospective, multicentre, clinical study were to report the common locations and types of objects recovered and to investigate clinical factors and outcomes in dogs after surgical or endoscopic treatment for GFB removal. Records of dogs with a GFB diagnosis referred to the Teaching Veterinary Hospital or treated in three different veterinary hospitals from September 2017 to September 2019 were examined. The data obtained from each case included breed, age, clinical signs at presentation, duration of clinical signs, type and location of the GFB, treatment, length of hospitalisation and outcome. Seventy-two dogs were enrolled in the study. There were 42 males (58%) and 30 females (42%). The median age was 36 months (range: 3 months to 8 years). Endoscopic retrieval was performed in 56% of GFBs (located in the stomach or duodenum), whereas 44% of dogs underwent surgery. The type of FB detected varied greatly: kid toy (14%), metallic object/coin (13%), cloth (13%), sock (8%), ball (8%), plastic material (8%), peach stone (7%), fishhook (6%), sewing needle (4%), hair tie (4%), pacifier (3%), plant materials (3%) and others (9%). Moreover, the FBs were classified as sharp (13%, = 9), pointed (33%, = 24), blunt (26%, = 19), or linear (28%, = 20). In this study, 68% of FBs were localised in the stomach, 25% in the intestinal tract (50% duodenum, 28% jejunum, and 22% ileum), and 7% in both the stomach and small intestine. The type of GFB was not significantly associated with age, site or breed. There was a significant association between the type of GFB and sex: if the dog was male, there was a 38% probability of ingesting linear GFBs. The dog survival rate was 100% in cases treated by gastric endoscopic or surgical removal, 94% in cases treated with enterotomy and 33% in cases in which enterectomy was necessary. Enterectomy and multiple surgical sites were associated with a poor outcome. The presence of vomiting for more than 24 h was significantly associated with death.
PubMed: 35681840
DOI: 10.3390/ani12111376 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022The purpose of this study is to verify parents' knowledge of child nutrition and their awareness of the interaction between unhealthy sugars in their child's diet and...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to verify parents' knowledge of child nutrition and their awareness of the interaction between unhealthy sugars in their child's diet and caries formation.
METHODS
a questionnaire was proposed using Instagram to analyze type of breastfeeding; type of weaning and diet; home oral hygiene maneuvers; bad habits (use of pacifiers, bottles, and sugary substances); knowledge on the usefulness of fluoride; and first dental visit. A total of 200 parents from different regions of Italy with children aged 2 months to 6 years were contacted. Results showed that 66% parents preferred breastfeeding, while the remaining 34% chose artificial breastfeeding. Fifty percent (100 babies) started weaning at six months, 20% (40 babies) at the fifth month, 13.5% (27 babies) at the fourth month, and only 11.5% (23 babies) in a range from the seventh to ninth month of life. Oral hygiene practices were performed only by 25% of parents before eruption of the first tooth. After eruption of the first tooth, there is greater attention to home oral hygiene practices: 59% of parents carry out and teach their children daily home oral hygiene maneuvers.
CONCLUSIONS
it is possible to raise awareness among parents and caregivers on the importance of food education.
Topics: Child; Educational Status; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35627333
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105799 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2022Oral feeding problems will cause long-term hospitalization of the infant and increase the cost of hospitalization. This study aimed to compare the effect of two methods... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Oral feeding problems will cause long-term hospitalization of the infant and increase the cost of hospitalization. This study aimed to compare the effect of two methods of sucking on pacifier and mother's finger on oral feeding behavior in preterm infants.
METHODS
This single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in the neonatal intensive care unit of Babol Rouhani Hospital, Iran. 150 preterm infants with the gestational age of 31 to 33 weeks were selected and were divided into three groups of 50 samples using randomized block method, including non-nutritive sucking on mother's finger (A), pacifier (B) and control (C). Infants in groups A and B were stimulated with mother's finger or pacifier three times a day for five minutes before gavage, for ten days exactly. For data collection, demographic characteristics questionnaire and preterm infant breastfeeding behavior scale were used.
RESULTS
The mean score of breastfeeding behavior in preterm infants in the three groups of A,B,C was 12.34 ± 3.37, 11.00 ± 3.55, 10.40 ± 4.29 respectively, which had a significant difference between the three groups (p = 0.03). The mean rooting score between three groups of A, B, and C was 1.76 ± 0.47, 1.64 ± 0.48, and 1.40 ± 0.90 (p < 0.001) respectively. Also, the mean sucking score in groups of A, B and C was 2.52 ± 0.76, 2.28 ± 0.64 and 2.02 ± 0.74 respectively, which had a significant difference (p = 0.003), but other scales had no significant difference between the three groups (P > 0.05). The mean time to achieve independent oral feeding between the three groups of A, B, C was 22.12 ± 8.15, 22.54 ± 7.54 and 25.86 ± 7.93 days respectively (p = 0.03), and duration of hospitalization was 25.98 ± 6.78, 27.28 ± 6.20, and 29.36 ± 5.97 days (p = 0.02), which had a significant difference. But there was no significant difference between the two groups of A and B in terms of rooting, sucking, the total score of breastfeeding behavior and time of achieving independent oral feeding (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Considering the positive effect of these two methods, especially non-nutritive sucking on mother's finger, on increasing oral feeding behaviors, it is recommended to implement these low-cost methods for preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial Registration: IRCT, IRCT20191116045460N1 . Registered 11 January 2020- prospective registered.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Mothers; Pacifiers; Prospective Studies; Single-Blind Method; Sucking Behavior
PubMed: 35585519
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03352-9 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2022Mothers practice co-sleeping and breastfeeding simultaneously, for convenience and to strengthen bonding. Due to the scarcity of studies analyzing the impact of...
Mothers practice co-sleeping and breastfeeding simultaneously, for convenience and to strengthen bonding. Due to the scarcity of studies analyzing the impact of co-sleeping on primary dentition, this study aimed to analyze the possible effects of co-sleeping on children’s occlusion. In this cross-sectional study, mothers of 221 children aged 2−5 years who had been breastfed for less than 6 months completed a questionnaire about non-nutritive sucking habits. The WHO (World Health Organization) and IOTN-AC indices (the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) were used to assess malocclusion. The type of sagittal (dental and skeletal), transverse and vertical malocclusion was recorded. The non-co-sleeping group showed significantly higher pacifier use (p < 0.05), digital sucking (p < 0.05) and atypical swallowing (p < 0.05) habits. The non-co-sleeping group showed significantly higher mean scores on the IOTN-AC (p < 0.05) and WHO (p < 0.01), a significantly higher presence of canine class II (p < 0.05), anterior open bite (p < 0.05), posterior crossbite (p < 0.05), overbite (p < 0.05), skeletal class II (p < 0.01) and protrusion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, children who practice co-sleeping appear to have a lower frequency and duration of non-nutritive sucking habits. Co-sleeping may contribute to a lower development of malocclusions in children who are weaned early (before six months of age).
PubMed: 35566464
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092338 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Jun 2022Adequate support in maternity wards is decisive for breastfeeding outcomes during the first year of life. Quality improvement interventions require the identification of...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Adequate support in maternity wards is decisive for breastfeeding outcomes during the first year of life. Quality improvement interventions require the identification of the factors influencing hospital benchmark indicators. Machine Learning (ML) models and post-hoc Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques allow accurate predictions and explaining them. This study aimed to predict exclusive breastfeeding during the in-hospital postpartum stay by ML algorithms and explain the ML model's behaviour to support decision making.
METHODS
The dataset included 2042 mothers giving birth in 18 hospitals in Eastern Spain. We obtained information on demographics, mothers' breastfeeding experiences, clinical variables, and participating hospitals' support conditions. The outcome variable was exclusive breastfeeding during the in-hospital postpartum stay. We tested algorithms from different ML families. To evaluate the ML models, we applied 10-fold stratified cross-validation. We used the following metrics: Area under curve receiver operating characteristic (ROC AUC), area under curve precision-recall (PR AUC), accuracy, and Brier score. After selecting the best fitting model, we calculated Shapley's additive values to assign weights to each predictor depending on its additive contribution to the outcome and to explain the predictions.
RESULTS
The XGBoost algorithms showed the best metrics (ROC AUC = 0.78, PR AUC = 0.86, accuracy = 0.75, Brier = 0.17). The main predictors of the model included, in order of importance, the pacifier use, the degree of breastfeeding self-efficacy, the previous breastfeeding experience, the birth weight, the admission of the baby to a neonatal care unit after birth, the moment of the first skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative accreditation of the hospital. Specific examples for linear and nonlinear relations between main predictors and the outcome and heterogeneity of effects are presented. Also, we describe diverse individual cases showing the variation of the prediction depending on individual characteristics.
CONCLUSION
The ML model adequately predicted exclusive breastfeeding during the in-hospital stay. Our results pointed to opportunities for improving care related to support for specific mother's groups, defined by current and previous infant feeding experiences and clinical conditions of the newborns, and the participating hospitals' support conditions. Also, XAI techniques allowed identifying non-linearity relations and effect's heterogeneity, explaining specific cases' risk variations.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Breast Feeding; Female; Health Promotion; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Machine Learning; Mothers; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35544962
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106837 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2022Children born very preterm have an immature sucking reflex at birth and are exposed to neonatal care that can impede proper palate growth.
INTRODUCTION
Children born very preterm have an immature sucking reflex at birth and are exposed to neonatal care that can impede proper palate growth.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to describe the frequency of high-arched palate and posterior crossbite at the age of 5 in children born very preterm and to identify their respective risk factors.
METHODS
Our study was based on the data from EPIPAGE-2, a French national prospective cohort study, and included 2,594 children born between 24- and 31-week gestation. Outcomes were high-arched palate and posterior crossbite. Multivariable models estimated by generalized estimation equations with multiple imputation were used to study the association between the potential risk factors studied and each outcome.
RESULTS
Overall, 8% of children born very preterm had a high-arched palate and 15% posterior crossbite. The odds of high-arched palate were increased for children with low gestational age (24-29 vs. 30-31 weeks of gestation) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 2.66], thumb-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03, 2.28), and cerebral palsy (aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.28, 3.69). The odds of posterior crossbite were increased for children with pacifier-sucking habits at the age of 2 (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.30, 2.36).
CONCLUSIONS
Among very preterm children, low gestational age and cerebral palsy are the specific risk factors for a high-arched palate. High-arched palate and posterior crossbite share non-nutritive sucking habits as a common risk factor. The oro-facial growth of these children should be monitored.
PubMed: 35498807
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.784911 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica 2022The Brazilian Code of Marketing of Infant and Toddlers Food, Nipples, Pacifiers and Baby Bottles (NBCAL), in force in Brazil since 1988, is still systematically...
The Brazilian Code of Marketing of Infant and Toddlers Food, Nipples, Pacifiers and Baby Bottles (NBCAL), in force in Brazil since 1988, is still systematically violated, exposing mothers and family members to illegal marketing of products that compete with breastfeeding. This study aimed to describe a multicenter study methodology and propose standardized indicators for NBCAL monitoring. This is a Multicenter Study for NBCAL Compliance Assessment (Multi-NBCAL) conducted in seven Brazilian cities: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais State), Florianópolis (Santa Catarina State), Brasília (Federal District), João Pessoa (Paraíba State), and Belém (Pará State). Assessment tools were adapted from NetCode/WHO and IBFAN Brazil (International Baby Food Action Network) to conduct two evaluations: (1) evaluation of NBCAL compliance in stores, and NBCAL knowledge and practices of store managers; (2) evaluation of the interaction between the baby food industry and health professionals and post-partum mothers in maternity hospitals. Five indicators were developed to assess NBCAL compliance in stores; seven indicators to assess the knowledge and practices of store managers; five indicators to assess the provision of incentives to maternity hospitals, health professionals, and mothers by sectors; and five indicators to assess NBCAL knowledge and practices of health professionals. The NBCAL assessment methodology with the proposal of standardized indicators allows comparability of studies about this theme. Using these indicators in periodic national or regional investigation can help monitor the level of NBCAL implementation in Brazil.
Topics: Brazil; Breast Feeding; Delivery of Health Care; Female; Health Services; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35475879
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00272920 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Dental caries is still a major public health issue and influences the overall health of children. The risk factors for caries include biological, socio-behavioral, and...
Dental caries is still a major public health issue and influences the overall health of children. The risk factors for caries include biological, socio-behavioral, and environmental factors. Our aim is to assess the association between dental caries and the life habits of children and their parents. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rome (Italy) among primary school children aged 5 to 11. Parents completed the anamnestic questionnaire, and a dental clinical examination was performed on 333 children. Caries prevalence was 38.7% overall, 47% in males and 31.9% in females. The association between bottle night-time feeding and caries was statistically significant (43.2%; = 0.013). Usage of a honeyed pacifier was also significantly associated with the presence of caries (72.7%; = 0.027). Finally, higher caries prevalence was found among male children (47% vs. 31.9%; = 0.005). The present study shows that the percentage of caries is still high in the paediatric population, and caries prevalence is associated with life habits. Our results highlight the importance of oral health education programs at primary school that involve teachers and parents to contribute to improving lifestyles.
PubMed: 35455785
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040607 -
Dental Research Journal 2022This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of green tea, microwaving, cold boiled water, and chlorhexidine (CHX) on and on silicone pacifiers.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of green tea, microwaving, cold boiled water, and chlorhexidine (CHX) on and on silicone pacifiers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this experimental study, 60 equal-size samples of silicone pacifiers were cut, ultraviolet sterilized, and randomly divided into two groups ( = 30) for immersion in 0.5 McFarland standard suspension of and . The samples in each group were then randomly divided into five subgroups ( = 6) for disinfection with 0.12% CHX, cold boiled water, green tea, microwaving for 7 min, and distilled water. The sample suspensions were cultured on blood agar (for ) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (for ) and incubated. The number of colonies was counted after 24 and 48 h. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests ( < 0.05).
RESULTS
At 24 and 48 h, the colony count was the lowest in CHX and green tea subgroups followed by microwave, cold boiled water, and distilled water subgroups ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
CHX and green tea can significantly decrease the and colony count on silicone pacifiers.
PubMed: 35432794
DOI: No ID Found