-
Surgical Case Reports Nov 2022A hematoma that gradually increases over a chronic course of months or longer is defined as a chronic expanding hematoma (CEH). CEHs often develop in the limbs and on...
BACKGROUND
A hematoma that gradually increases over a chronic course of months or longer is defined as a chronic expanding hematoma (CEH). CEHs often develop in the limbs and on body surfaces that are susceptible to external stimuli. CEHs in the intrathoracic or intraperitoneal organs are uncommon, with liver CEHs being particularly rare worldwide.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 57-year-old woman was previously diagnosed with a giant cyst in the right liver lobe, with a longer axis of approximately 15 cm. Abdominal ultrasonography findings suggested a complex cyst, and she was referred to our hospital for further inspection. Although CEH was suspected, it was difficult to exclude malignant diseases such as intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct and cystadenocarcinoma. There was a possibility of malignant disease and the exclusion of surrounding organs due to tumor growth. Therefore, a right hepatectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed a pseudocyst containing a clot, which was consistent with CEH.
CONCLUSIONS
CEH rarely occurs in the liver; however, it is necessary to consider CEH when a slow-growing hepatic mass that shows a mosaic pattern on magnetic resonance imaging is found.
PubMed: 36414762
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01548-w -
The Journal of International Medical... Nov 2022High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a deadly malignancy. Homeobox protein A9 () is linked with serous papillary histotype differentiation, and inappropriate...
OBJECTIVE
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a deadly malignancy. Homeobox protein A9 () is linked with serous papillary histotype differentiation, and inappropriate expression is a step in ovarian cancer that induces aberrant differentiation. This study aimed to reveal the significance of in HGSOC.
METHODS
mRNA and protein expression were examined by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The chi-square test was used to evaluate associations between expression and clinical characteristics. The prognostic value of was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to assess the prognostic value of .
RESULTS
The mRNA and protein expression of were significantly upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant HGSOC compared with chemotherapy-sensitive HGSOC. The chi-square test showed that high expression was significantly related with grade, clinical stage, and residual disease. High expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database further confirmed these results. Cox hazard regression showed that high expression was an independent prognostic factor for survival in HGSOC patients.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that expression was associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor outcomes in HGSOC patients. High expression might be a prognostic indicator for HGSOC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Prognosis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Gene Expression; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 36366735
DOI: 10.1177/03000605221135864 -
Diagnostic Pathology Oct 2022Uterine somatic choriocarcinoma is a rare, clinically aggressive malignant tumor. They frequently concur with other cancer. However, the molecular pathogenesis between...
BACKGROUND
Uterine somatic choriocarcinoma is a rare, clinically aggressive malignant tumor. They frequently concur with other cancer. However, the molecular pathogenesis between somatic choriocarcinoma and the concurrent carcinoma has rarely been addressed to date.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a 68-years old Chinese woman with a uterine choriocarcinoma arising from serous carcinoma. The patient underwent radical surgery including total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy and pelvic lymph node resection. She received 10 courses of post-operative chemotherapy. She died of disease 13 months after her surgery. Microscopically, the tumor showed a biphasic pattern of choriocarcinoma and serous carcinoma. The choriocarcinomatous component showed a combination of cytotrophoblast, intermediate trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast with hemorrhage and necrosis. The component of serous carcinoma was characterized by solid sheets of small cells with marked nuclear atypia and occasional glandular and papillary formation. PD-L1 was exclusively expressed in the choriocarcinomatous component. Next-generation sequencing revealed that the genetic abnormalities were overlapping between the two components.
Topics: Aged; B7-H1 Antigen; Carcinoma; Choriocarcinoma; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Immunochemistry; Postmenopause
PubMed: 36229840
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01262-z -
Computational and Structural... 2022Tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is encoded by TNFAIP8L2 and is a newly identified negative regulator of natural and acquired immunity that...
Tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is encoded by TNFAIP8L2 and is a newly identified negative regulator of natural and acquired immunity that plays a critical function in maintaining immune homeostasis. Recently, CAR-NK immune cell therapy has been a focus of major research efforts as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. TIPE2 is a potential checkpoint molecule for immune cell maturation and antitumor immunity that could be used as a novel NK cell-based immunotherapeutic approach. In this study, we explored the expression of TNFAIP8L2 across various tumor types and found that TNFAIP8L2 was highly expressed in most tumor types and correlated with prognosis. Survival analysis showed that TNFAIP8L2 expression was predictive of improved survival in cervical-squamous-cell-carcinoma (CESC), sarcoma (SARC) and skin-cutaneous-melanoma (SKCM). Conversely, TNFAIP8L2 expression predicted poorer survival in acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), lower-grade-glioma (LGG), kidney-renal-clear-cell-carcinoma (KIRC) and uveal-melanoma (UVM). Analysis of stemness features and immune cell infiltration indicated that TNFAIP8L2 was significantly associated with cancer stem cell index and increased macrophage and dendritic cell infiltration. Our data suggest that TNFAIP8L2 may be a novel immune checkpoint biomarker across different tumor types, particularly in LAML, LGG, KIRC and UVM, and may have further utility as a potential target for immunotherapy.
PubMed: 36187930
DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.021 -
Computational and Structural... 2022The SARS-CoV-2 is constantly mutating, and the new coronavirus such as Omicron has spread to many countries around the world. Anexelekto (AXL) is a transmembrane protein...
The SARS-CoV-2 is constantly mutating, and the new coronavirus such as Omicron has spread to many countries around the world. Anexelekto (AXL) is a transmembrane protein with biological functions such as promoting cell growth, migration, aggregation, metastasis and adhesion, and plays an important role in cancers and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), AXL was highly expressed in respiratory system cells. In this study, we verified the AXL expression in cancer and normal tissues and found AXL expression was strongly correlated with cancer prognosis, tumor mutation burden (TMB), the microsatellite instability (MSI) in most tumor types. Immune infiltration analysis also demonstrated that there was an inextricable link between AXL expression and immune scores in cancer patients, especially in BLCA, BRCA and CESC. The NK-cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, as one of the important components of the tumor microenvironment, were highly expressed AXL. In addition, AXL-related tumor neoantigens were identified and might provide the novel potential targets for tumor vaccines or SARS-Cov-2 vaccines research in cancer patients.
PubMed: 35782741
DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.051 -
Computational and Structural... 2022Shc SH2-domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1), a protein specific binding to SH2 domain of Src homolog and collagen homolog (Shc), takes part in the regulation of various...
Shc SH2-domain binding protein 1 (SHCBP1), a protein specific binding to SH2 domain of Src homolog and collagen homolog (Shc), takes part in the regulation of various signal transduction pathways, which has been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, the pathological mechanisms are not completely investigated. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the potential functions of SHCBP1 in multiple cancer types. The comprehensive analyses for SHCBP1 in various tumors, including gene expression, diagnosis, prognosis, immune-related features, genetic alteration, and function enrichment, were conducted based on multiple databases and analysis tools. SHCBP1 was upregulated in most types of cancers. The results of qRT-PCR had confirmed that SHCBP1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) cell lines. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and survival analysis, SHCBP1 was considered as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, SHCBP1 expression was linked with tumor immunity and immunosuppressive microenvironment according to the correlation analysis of SHCBP1 expression with immune cells infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and immune-related genes (MHC genes, chemokines, and chemokines receptors). Moreover, SHCBP1 expression correlated with tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and neoantigens. The feature of SHCBP1 mutational landscape in pan-cancer was identified. Finally, we focused on investigating the clinical significance and the potential biological role of SHCBP1 in LUAD. Our study comprehensively uncovered that SHCBP1 could be identified as an immune-related biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and a potential therapeutic target for tumor immunotherapy.
PubMed: 35782736
DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.039 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays an important role in immune response, which includes two isoenzymes: ADA1 and ADA2. This study aims to explore the roles of ADA1 and ADA2...
OBJECTIVE
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays an important role in immune response, which includes two isoenzymes: ADA1 and ADA2. This study aims to explore the roles of ADA1 and ADA2 in cancers.
METHODS
Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) databases were used to analyze the mRNA expression of ADA1 and ADA2 in human normal cells and tumor tissues. The enzyme assay was used to detect the ADA1 and ADA2 activities in serum from cancer patients. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter was used to analyze the prognostic value of ADA1 and ADA2. TIMER2.0 was used to explore how ADA1 and ADA2 correlate with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints. cBioPortal database was used to investigate the mutations of ADA1 and ADA2. LinkedOmics was used to screen the ADA1 and ADA2 expression-related genes.
RESULTS
ADA1 was significantly increased in several tumor tissues, including cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), thymoma (THYM), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). ADA2 expression was significantly increased in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), OV, PAAD, skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). There were no significant changes in serum ADA1 activities in most cancers, while serum ADA2 activities were increased in most cancers. For prognosis, high ADA1 expression was associated with the poor survival in several cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), HNSC, KIRC, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). However, high ADA2 expression showed a favorable prognosis in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), HNSC, KIRC, KIRP, LUAD, OV, PAAD, sarcoma, and THYM. ADA1 showed a moderate positive correlation with multiple infiltrating immune cells in most cancers. ADA2 was positively correlated with B cells, CD8 T cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) and was strongly negatively correlated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Function analysis showed that ADA1 expression-related genes were mainly enriched in cell division biological progression. However, ADA2-related genes were mainly associated with immune response.
CONCLUSION
As isoenzymes, ADA1 and ADA2 showed opposite prognostic values and different correlative patterns with immune infiltrating. These data demonstrated the distinct roles of ADA1 and ADA2 in cancer. ADA2 might act as a protective factor in cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Adenosine Deaminase; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Melanoma; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 35663977
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903461 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2022Although papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary is a common tumor, the incidence of ovarian-type papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma in the testis is rare....
Although papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the ovary is a common tumor, the incidence of ovarian-type papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma in the testis is rare. Based on medical documents, there are only about 50 cases reported about testicular and paratesticular serous tumors. Herein, we report a case of low-grade serous cyst adenocarcinoma of the testis that did unilateral orchiectomy and then came with retroperitoneal mass and lung metastasis. Chemotherapy was well tolerated, and now, after 1 year, he does not have any complaint.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Cysts; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 35381807
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_1153_19 -
Autopsy & Case Reports 2022Papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary gland is a very rare malignant neoplasm accounting for only 2% of all salivary gland lesions. In 1991 it was first included... (Review)
Review
Papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary gland is a very rare malignant neoplasm accounting for only 2% of all salivary gland lesions. In 1991 it was first included as a separate entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of salivary gland tumors and in 2017 WHO Classification, the tumor was clubbed as a sub-variant of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. It most commonly occurs in the major salivary glands. Herein we report a case of salivary papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a 54-year-old female, who presented with rapid enlargement of the right parotid swelling. Based on radiology and fine-needle aspiration cytology, a working diagnosis of the malignant tumor involving the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland was made. In view of the malignant nature of the swelling, superficial parotidectomy was done. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the right parotid. With the revised 2017 WHO classification of salivary gland tumors, it is important to report all rare subtypes in order to understand their biology and behavior.
PubMed: 35252049
DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.357 -
Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer... Feb 2022High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is classified into four molecular subtypes; mesenchymal, proliferative, immunoreactive, and differentiated, with suggested...
BACKGROUND
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is classified into four molecular subtypes; mesenchymal, proliferative, immunoreactive, and differentiated, with suggested different prognosis. Addressing the presence of histopathological and immunohistochemical differences in HGSOC that parallel the molecular subtypes can help in tailoring the management protocol to improve therapeutic response and patient outcome.
METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted on 85 specimens for cases of HGSOC. Cases were classified according to histopathological findings into mesenchymal, proliferative, immunoreactive, and differentiated subtypes. Cases were immunostained with ER, PR, Ki67, CD8, E-cadherin, and vimentin.
RESULTS
By applying histopathological data, cases were subdivided into 4 groups; mesenchymal type represented by 25 cases, proliferative type which included 14 cases, the immunoreactive type included 14 cases, and differentiated type represented by 32 cases; 13 of them had SET features and 19 had papillary architectural features. A significant correlation was found between Ki67 and proliferative subtype, as well as between CD8 and immunoreactive subtype. ER showed significantly higher expression in proliferative subtype in the group treated by primary debulking. CD8 showed a significant correlation with solid endometroid transitional (SET) pattern in the group that underwent interval debulking. In terms of prognosis, the shortest median progression-free survival (PFS) was for mesenchymal subtype, while the longest median PFS was for differentiated subtype with SET architectural pattern with statistically significant correlation. No correlation was found between any of the studied parameters and overall survival.
CONCLUSION
Histopathological features and immunohistochemistry can help to stratify HGSOC into prognostic distinct groups.
Topics: Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35138498
DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00104-9