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Frontiers in Immunology 2024Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common tumor entities worldwide, with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributing to cancer...
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common tumor entities worldwide, with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributing to cancer development. Conventional therapies achieve only limited efficiency, especially in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. As the immune landscape decisively impacts the survival of patients and treatment efficacy, this study comprehensively investigated the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME) and its association with patient outcome, with special focus on several dendritic cell (DC) and T lymphocyte subpopulations. Therefore, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 56 HNSCC patients, who have undergone resection and adjuvant radiotherapy, were analyzed by multiplex immunohistochemistry focusing on the detailed phenotypic characterization and spatial distribution of DCs, CD8 T cells, and T-helper cell subsets in different tumor compartments. Immune cell densities and proportions were correlated with clinical characteristics of the whole HNSCC cohort and different HPV- or hypoxia-associated subcohorts. Tumor stroma was highly infiltrated by plasmacytoid DCs and T lymphocytes. Among the T-helper cells and CD8 T cells, stromal regulatory T cells and intraepithelial exhausted CD8 T cells expressing programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and/or lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) were the predominant phenotypes, indicating an immunosuppressive TME. HPV-associated tumors showed significantly higher infiltration of type I and type II conventional DCs (cDC1, cDC2) as well as several CD8 T cell phenotypes including exhausted, activated, and proliferating T cells. On the contrary, tumors with hypoxia-associated gene signatures exhibited reduced infiltration for these immune cells. By multivariate Cox regression, immune-related prognostic factors were identified. Patient clusters defined by high infiltration of DCs and T lymphocytes combined with HPV positivity or low hypoxia showed significantly prolonged survival. Thereby, cDC1 and CD8 T cells emerged as independent prognostic factors for local and distant recurrence. These results might contribute to the implementation of an immune cell infiltration score predicting HNSCC patients' survival and such patient stratification might improve the design of future individualized radiochemo-(immuno)therapies.
Topics: Humans; Dendritic Cells; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Male; Female; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Middle Aged; Tumor Microenvironment; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Aged; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Prognosis; Adult; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 38938577
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414298 -
Atencion Primaria Jun 2024
PubMed: 38936300
DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103012 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Oct 2023
Gay and Bisexual Men too should not be Left Out/Deprived of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in "Cervical Cancer Elimination Programme" in Countries with a High Prevalence of HIV.
Topics: Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Vaccines; HIV Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Female; Prevalence; Sexual and Gender Minorities; India; Homosexuality, Male; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38934843
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1646_22 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-HPV potential of a Lam seed, L. seed, and peel herbal mixture in the form of polymer film-forming systems. A clinical...
In Vitro and Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Natural Constituents' Anti-HPV Potential for Treatment of Plantar Warts Supported with In Silico Studies and Network Analysis.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-HPV potential of a Lam seed, L. seed, and peel herbal mixture in the form of polymer film-forming systems. A clinical trial conducted in outpatient clinics showed that the most significant outcome was wart size and quantity. Compared to the placebo group, the intervention group's size and number of warts were considerably better according to the results. Chemical profiling assisted by LC-HRMS led to the dereplication of 49 metabolites. Furthermore, network pharmacology was established for the mixture of three plants; each plant was studied separately to find out the annotated target genes, and then, we combined all annotated genes of all plants and filtered the genes to specify the genes related to human papilloma virus. In a backward step, the 24 configured genes related to HPV were used to specify only 30 compounds involved in HPV infection based on target genes. CA2 and EGFR were the top identified genes with 16 and 12 edges followed by PTGS2, CA9, and MMP9 genes with 11 edges each. A molecular docking study for the top active identified compounds of each species was conducted in the top target HPV genes, CA2 and EGFR, to investigate the mode of interaction between these compounds and the targets' active sites.
PubMed: 38931426
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060759 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and the management of its persistence is still a great medical challenge. Recently, scientific evidence has supported the...
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and the management of its persistence is still a great medical challenge. Recently, scientific evidence has supported the potential therapeutic effects of four combined natural molecules-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), folic acid, vitamin B12 and hyaluronic acid (HA)-in counteracting HPV DNA positivity and related cytological lesions. : Each patient of these five clinical cases had persistent HPV positivity in the anogenital site and assumed a dietary supplement based on a combination of 200 mg of EGCG, 50 mg of HA, 1 mg of vitamin B12 and 400 mcg of folic acid (Pervistop, Farmares s.r.l., Rome, Italy) at a dosage of 1 or 2 caps/day for 6 or 3 months, respectively, depending on clinical history. : After treatment, all the patients reported a negative HPV DNA test and improved cytological lesions, thus demonstrating the ability of these combined molecules to counteract both anal and cervical HPV infection and related manifestations. : Overall, these data corroborate previous evidence about the effectiveness of such natural molecules in the management of HPV infection and its persistence. Naturally, further studies with a larger population and long-term follow-up will contribute to reinforce the positive effects of this dietary supplement in counteracting HPV infection.
PubMed: 38930126
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123597 -
Cancers Jun 2024High-risk breast lesions including incidental intraductal papilloma without atypia (IPA), lobular hyperplasia (LCIS or ALH), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) and complex...
High-risk breast lesions including incidental intraductal papilloma without atypia (IPA), lobular hyperplasia (LCIS or ALH), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) and complex sclerosing lesion (CSL) are not routinely excised due to low upgrade rates to carcinoma. We aim to identify features of these lesions predictive of upgrade when identified concurrently with invasive disease. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed for patients who underwent multi-site lumpectomies with invasive disease at one site and a high-risk lesion at another site between 2006 and 2021. A multinomial logistic regression was performed. Results: Sixty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. Four patients (6.2%) had an upgrade to in situ disease (DCIS) and one (1.5%) to invasive carcinoma. Three upgraded high-risk lesions were ipsilateral to the concurrent carcinoma and two were contralateral. In the multivariate model, a high-risk lesion within 5 cm of an ipsilateral malignancy was associated with increased risk of upgrade. The 3.8% upgrade rate for high-risk lesions located greater than 5 cm from ipsilateral malignancy or in the contralateral breast suggests that omission of excisional biopsy may be considered. Excisional biopsy of lesions within 5 cm of ipsilateral malignancy is recommended given the 25% upgrade risk in our series.
PubMed: 38927976
DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122268 -
Annals of Vascular Diseases Jun 2024Lymphedema is caused by dysfunction of the lymphatic system. It is divided into primary edema with no apparent cause and secondary edema with an exogenous cause. The... (Review)
Review
Lymphedema is caused by dysfunction of the lymphatic system. It is divided into primary edema with no apparent cause and secondary edema with an exogenous cause. The main symptoms are edema and heaviness, skin changes such as skin hardening, lymphocysts, lymphorrhoea, papillomas, and recurrent cellulitis. They are often irreversible and progressive, thus greatly reducing quality of life of the patients. Diagnosis is made by image examinations that can evaluate lymphatic flow and functions such as lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green fluorescence lymphangiography. Linear pattern and dermal backflow are the main findings. Conservative treatment consists of four components: compression therapy with elastic garments, exercise therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, and skin care, which is called complex physical therapy (CPT). Although CPT has become the gold standard of treatment, with evidence of efficacy reported in terms of volume reduction, maintenance, and prevention of cellulitis, it is a symptomatic treatment and does not improve impaired lymphatic flow. On the other hand, surgical treatment, such as lymphaticovenous anastomosis and vascularized lymph node transplantation, can create new lymphatic flow and improve lymphatic dysfunctions. Although these techniques are expected to be effective in volume reduction, cellulitis prevention, and improving quality of life, there is a need for more studies with a higher level of evidence in the future. In Japan, lymphedema is treated with a combination of conservative and surgical therapies, but lymphedema is intractable and few cases are completely cured. Therefore, how to improve the outcome of treatment is an important issue to be addressed in the future. (This is a translation of Jpn J Vasc Surg 2023; 32: 141-146.).
PubMed: 38919315
DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.24-00011 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jun 2024
Review
Topics: Humans; India; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Papillomavirus Infections; Vaccination; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38918643
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.6.1857 -
Medicina 2024Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is a primary alternative to reduce cervical cancer (CaCu) incidence and mortality. The study aimed to determine the proportion...
INTRODUCTION
Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) is a primary alternative to reduce cervical cancer (CaCu) incidence and mortality. The study aimed to determine the proportion of women aged 30-49 years who used VIA in the last two years and the factors associated with the use of the test in the primary care setting.
METHODS
Cross-sectional, multicenter study. Seven hundred and six women aged 30 to 49 years participated, users of primary health care centers in a region of Peru. The dependent variable was the use of the VIA test in the last two years and the independent variables were sociodemographic, socio-health, information and attitudinal factors.
RESULTS
The proportion of women who used the VIA test was 30.6%. The following factors were associated with greater use of the test: urban area of residence, having received a recommendation for VIA, feeling worried about acquiring CaCu, having heard about CaCu and the human papilloma virus. Also, considering having a greater or equal probability of developing CaCu compared to women of the same age, and with lower use of the test, coming from the highlands and considering it risky to undergo VIA.
CONCLUSION
The VIA screening program for CaCu would not be achieving the desired impact. There is a need to strengthen strategies and interventions in primary care to improve screening behaviors and rates.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Acetic Acid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Primary Health Care; Peru; Early Detection of Cancer; Socioeconomic Factors; Mass Screening
PubMed: 38907967
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The mechanism and predictive biomarkers of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are still unclear. We investigated the...
The mechanism and predictive biomarkers of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are still unclear. We investigated the genetic mutations involved and the predictive biomarkers. Fourteen patients with SCC arising from IP and six patients with IPs without malignant transformation (sIP) were included. DNA was extracted separately from areas of normal tissue, IP, dysplasia, and SCC. Whole exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry was performed. Major oncogenic mutations were observed in the progression from IP to SCC. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (39%) and CDKN2A (27%). Mutations in TP53 and/or CDKN2A were observed in three of six IPs with malignant transformation (cIP); none were observed in sIPs. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) increased from IP to SCC (0.64/Mb, 1.11/Mb, and 1.25 for IP, dysplasia, and SCC, respectively). TMB was higher in the cIPs than in the sIPs (0.64/Mb vs 0.3/Mb). Three cIPs showed a diffuse strong or null pattern in p53, and one showed a total loss of p16, a distinct pattern from sIPs. Our result suggests that TP53 and CDKN2A status can be predictive markers of malignant transformation of IP. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of p53 and p16 expression can be surrogate markers for TP53 and CDKN2A status.
Topics: Humans; Papilloma, Inverted; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Male; Female; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Middle Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Aged; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Mutation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Exome Sequencing; Immunohistochemistry
PubMed: 38902320
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64901-z