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Acta Neuropathologica Communications Jun 2024Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are intraventricular tumors derived from the choroid plexus epithelium and occur frequently in children. The aim of this study was to...
Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are intraventricular tumors derived from the choroid plexus epithelium and occur frequently in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic and epigenomic characteristics of CPT and identify the differences between choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) and choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC). We conducted multiomics analyses of 20 CPT patients including CPP and CPC. Multiomics analysis included whole-genome sequencing, whole-transcriptome sequencing, and methylation sequencing. Mutually exclusive TP53 and EPHA7 point mutations, coupled with the amplification of chromosome 1, were exclusively identified in CPC. In contrast, amplification of chromosome 9 was specific to CPP. Differential gene expression analysis uncovered a significant overexpression of genes related to cell cycle regulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways in CPC compared to CPP. Overexpression of genes associated with tumor metastasis and progression was observed in the CPC subgroup with leptomeningeal dissemination. Furthermore, methylation profiling unveiled hypomethylation in major repeat regions, including long interspersed nuclear elements, short interspersed nuclear elements, long terminal repeats, and retrotransposons in CPC compared to CPP, implying that the loss of epigenetic silencing of transposable elements may play a role in tumorigenesis of CPC. Finally, the differential expression of AK1, regulated by both genomic and epigenomic factors, emerged as a potential contributing factor to the histological difference of CPP against CPC. Our results suggest pronounced genomic and epigenomic disparities between CPP and CPC, providing insights into the pathogenesis of CPT at the molecular level.
Topics: Humans; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms; Female; Male; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus; Child; Child, Preschool; Carcinoma; DNA Methylation; Infant; Adolescent; Multiomics
PubMed: 38867333
DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01814-y -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2024
Topics: Humans; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Papilloma, Inverted; Multimodal Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Male; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38854861
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.47.128.42976 -
Cancer Science Jun 2024There is limited understanding of epidemiology and time trends of human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven head and neck cancers (HNC) in Japan, especially outside of the...
There is limited understanding of epidemiology and time trends of human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven head and neck cancers (HNC) in Japan, especially outside of the oropharynx. To assess HPV-driven HNC, a non-interventional study (BROADEN) of HNC patients diagnosed in 2008-2009 and 2018-2019 was conducted in Japan. Adult patients with oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal or oral cavity cancers were included in this study. HPV was centrally tested using p16INK4a immunohistochemistry, HPV-DNA PCR and HPV E6*I mRNA. HPV attributability required positivity in at least two tests (p16INK4a immunohistochemistry, HPV-DNA PCR, HPV E6*I mRNA) in the oropharynx, and HPV-DNA and HPV E6*I mRNA positivity for non-oropharynx sites. Nineteen hospitals included a total of 1108 patients, of whom 981 had valid samples. Men accounted for 82% of HNC diagnoses. Patients in the earlier cohort were younger and included a higher percentage of smokers. There was an increasing trend of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer over the last decade, from 44.2% to 51.7%. HPV attribution in nasopharyngeal cancers was 3.2% in 2008-2009 and 7.5% in 2018-2019; and 4.4% and 0% for larynx respectively. In total, 95.2% of HPV-driven HNC were attributed to HPV genotypes included in the 9-valent HPV vaccine being HPV16 the most prominent genotype. These results suggest that an epidemiologic shift is happening in Japan, with a decrease in smoking and alcohol use and an increase in HPV-driven HNC. The increasing trend of HPV-driven HNC in Japan highlights the need for preventive strategies to mitigate the rise of HPV-driven HNC.
PubMed: 38847353
DOI: 10.1111/cas.16230 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... Jun 2024Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCAC) of cervix is a rare subtype of endocervical adenocarcinoma that accounts for 4% of all cervical adenocarcinoma with many morphological...
Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCAC) of cervix is a rare subtype of endocervical adenocarcinoma that accounts for 4% of all cervical adenocarcinoma with many morphological mimickers. Retrospectively study cases of cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Clinical profile and pathological features of CCAC of the cervix diagnosed between 2018-2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The database of the Department of Pathology of our institute was systematically searched for patients diagnosed with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix during 2018-2022.A total of 19 patients were studied with the mean age of patients being 53.72 years (range 25 -84 yrs,standard deviation-25.9) and median tumor size being 5.6cm. Lymph node metastasis was identified in 33.3% and distant metastasis were seen in 20% of the cases. Staging could not be done in 4 cases.FIGO staging of the cases included IB1(2 cases), IB2(2 cases), IIB (3 cases),IIIA (1 case)IIIB(4 cases),and IV(3 cases). On histopathological evaluation, heterogeneous architectural pattern comprising of tubulocystic, solid, and papillary patterns were seen in 13 cases (13/19,68.4%). Pure tubulocystic (3/19,15.7%), pure papillary (2/19,10.5%), and pure solid patterns (1/19,5.3%) were also identified. Tumor cells with clear cytoplasm ranged from 5% to 95%. Nuclear atypia was moderate to marked in all the cases (19/19,100%). Mitotic activity varied from 1/10hpf to 20-22/10hpf. By immunohistochemistry, tumor was positive for Napsin A in all the cases,p16INK4a was negative in majority of cases (15/19,78.9%) and ER was negative in 14 cases (14/19,73.7%) .p53 showed wild type staining except for one case . Clear cell adenocarcinoma being a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma, needs to be differentiated from other Human Papilloma Virus(HPV) independent adenocarcinomas (gastric and mesonephric types) and benign entities such as endocervical glandular Arias-Stella reaction. Judicious use of a panel of immunostains is often helpful.
PubMed: 38847204
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_518_23 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024The risk of developing subsequent breast cancer is higher in women diagnosed with benign breast disease (BBD) but these studies were primarily performed in non-Hispanic...
The risk of developing subsequent breast cancer is higher in women diagnosed with benign breast disease (BBD) but these studies were primarily performed in non-Hispanic white populations. Still, these estimates have been used to inform breast cancer risk models that are being used clinically across all racial and ethnic groups. Given the high breast cancer mortality rates among African American (AA) women, it is critical to study BBD in this population, to ensure the risk models that include this information perform adequately. This study utilized data from AA women who underwent benign breast biopsies at a hospital served by the University Pathology Group in Detroit, Michigan, from 1998 to 2010. Patients were followed for subsequent breast cancers through the population-based Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System (MDCSS). BBD lesion scores were assigned to represent the severity or extent of benign breast lesions, with higher scores indicating a greater number of distinct lesion types. Of 3,461 eligible AA women with BBD in the cohort, 6.88% (n=238) subsequently developed breast cancer. Examined individually, six of the eleven lesions (apocrine metaplasia, ductal hyperplasia, lobular hyperplasia, intraductal papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, columnar alterations and radial scars) were significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer after adjustment for age and year of biopsy and were further considered in multiple lesion models. For every different type of benign breast lesion, subsequent risk of breast cancer increased by 25% (RR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.42) after adjustment for age at biopsy and proliferative versus non-proliferative disease. In summary, this study affirms the increased breast cancer risk in AA women with BBD, particularly in those with multiple lesions. These findings have implications for the management of breast cancer risk in millions of women affected by BBD, a high risk group that could benefit from personalized surveillance and risk reduction strategies.
PubMed: 38817898
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1410819 -
Heliyon May 2024Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of... (Review)
Review
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the cervix and head and neck. Manifestations of HPV infections can be manifold, ranging from asymptomatic infections to benign or potentially malignant lesions to intraepithelial neoplasms and invasive carcinomas. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations from HPV infection depends on the interactions between the viral agent and the host, a direct consequence of the ability on the part of HPV is to remain silent and to evade and convey the action of the host immune system. The oral mucosa represents one of the tissues for which HPV has a distinct tropism and is frequently affected by infection. While much information is available on the role that HPV infection plays in the development of SCC in the oral cavity, there is less information on asymptomatic infections and benign HPV-induced oral lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to analyze, in light of current knowledge, the early clinical and bio-humoral prognostic features related to the risk of HPV malignant transformation, focusing on subclinical conditions, benign lesions, and the correlation between oral infection and infection in other districts. The data show that the main risk associated with HPV infection is related to malignant transformation of lesions. Although HPV-driven OPSCC is associated with a better prognosis than non-HPV-driven OPSCC, primary prevention and early detection of the infection and affected genotype are essential to reduce the risk of malignant neoplastic complications and improve the prognosis.
PubMed: 38813162
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31061 -
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision... May 2024Nasal polyps and inverted papillomas often look similar. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish the masses by endoscopic examination. Therefore, in this study, we...
BACKGROUND
Nasal polyps and inverted papillomas often look similar. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish the masses by endoscopic examination. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm for computer-aided diagnosis of nasal endoscopic images, which may provide a more accurate clinical diagnosis before pathologic confirmation of the nasal masses.
METHODS
By performing deep learning of nasal endoscope images, we evaluated our computer-aided diagnosis system's assessment ability for nasal polyps and inverted papilloma and the feasibility of their clinical application. We used curriculum learning pre-trained with patches of nasal endoscopic images and full-sized images. The proposed model's performance for classifying nasal polyps, inverted papilloma, and normal tissue was analyzed using five-fold cross-validation.
RESULTS
The normal scores for our best-performing network were 0.9520 for recall, 0.7900 for precision, 0.8648 for F1-score, 0.97 for the area under the curve, and 0.8273 for accuracy. For nasal polyps, the best performance was 0.8162, 0.8496, 0.8409, 0.89, and 0.8273, respectively, for recall, precision, F1-score, area under the curve, and accuracy. Finally, for inverted papilloma, the best performance was obtained for recall, precision, F1-score, area under the curve, and accuracy values of 0.5172, 0.8125, 0.6122, 0.83, and 0.8273, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Although there were some misclassifications, the results of gradient-weighted class activation mapping were generally consistent with the areas under the curve determined by otolaryngologists. These results suggest that the convolutional neural network is highly reliable in resolving lesion locations in nasal endoscopic images.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Endoscopy; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Polyps; Nose Neoplasms; Papilloma, Inverted; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Diagnosis, Differential; Male; Middle Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38811961
DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02517-z -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jul 2024Bladder papilloma, a rare benign tumor of the urinary tract, accounts for 1-4 % of bladder tumors. Its distinct features, diagnosed through light microscopy, include...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Bladder papilloma, a rare benign tumor of the urinary tract, accounts for 1-4 % of bladder tumors. Its distinct features, diagnosed through light microscopy, include architectural and cytological characteristics. Despite its rarity, bladder papilloma is clinically significant due to its distinct traits, low recurrence risk, and potential progression to other urothelial neoplasms. Understanding this condition is crucial for early diagnosis and optimal patient care.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 66-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia presented with one month of intermittent hematuria. Physical examination and laboratory tests were unremarkable. Imaging revealed an 11 × 10 × 7 mm echogenic nodular lesion with calcifications on the right bladder wall. Cystoscopy identified a polypoid lesion, leading to transurethral resection. Histopathological examination confirmed bladder papilloma without malignant features.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Bladder papilloma typically presents with hematuria, mainly in younger patients, with low recurrence and rare progression to aggressive cancers. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and resection, followed by cystoscopic surveillance. Understanding its classification, characteristics, and risk factors aids in accurate management.
CONCLUSION
Bladder papilloma diagnosis relies on light microscopy, with hematuria as a primary symptom, often in younger patients. Recurrence risk is low, and progression to aggressive cancers is rare. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, resection, and cystoscopic follow-up. This case enhances our understanding of bladder papilloma, contributing to improved care.
PubMed: 38810292
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109586 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Apr 2024Warts are the most prevalent clinical manifestation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections, which vary in morphological pattern depending on the site of the body...
INTRODUCTION
Warts are the most prevalent clinical manifestation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections, which vary in morphological pattern depending on the site of the body affected.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intralesional quadrivalent HPV vaccine versus candida antigen in treatment of multiple recalcitrant non-genital warts.
METHODS
A randomized-control clinical trial included 60 cases with multiple recalcitrant warts who were randomly distributed into three groups; Group I included 20 patients who received intralesional candida antigen at a dose of 0.3 mL of 1/1000 solution, Group II included 20 patients who received intralesional quadrivalent HPV vaccine at a dose of 0.3ml and Group III included 20 patients who received intralesional injection 0.3 ml of normal saline 0.9% as a control group). Each agent was injected at the base of the largest wart every three weeks until it was completely cleared, or for a total of four sessions.
RESULTS
the highest response rate was detected in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine group (75% complete response) followed by the candida vaccine group (40% complete response and 15% partial response). Also, regarding the distant response rate, the highest response rate was detected in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine group (72.7% complete response and 27.3% partial response) followed by the candida vaccine group (33.3% complete response and 50% partial response).
CONCLUSIONS
Intralesional immunotherapy appears to be effective and safe in treating multiple recalcitrant non-genital warts, with intralesional quadrivalent HPV vaccine outperforming intralesional candida antigen.
PubMed: 38810062
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1402a66 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... May 2024Mongolia faces a significant burden of cervical cancer, with the highest prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the region. Cervical cancer ranks as the third most...
BACKGROUND
Mongolia faces a significant burden of cervical cancer, with the highest prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the region. Cervical cancer ranks as the third most common cancer among women in the country. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of self-sampling among young women in Mongolia and evaluate their knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer.
METHODS
In this study, participants provided a self-administered vaginal swabs to detect high-risk HPV genotypes. Both acceptability of self-sampling using swabs and participants knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer through a scored questionnaire were assessed. The knowledge scale was categorized into three groups: low (0-2), moderate (3-4) and high (5-6).
RESULTS
A total of 203 women aged 24-28 years completed the questionnaire and provided self-administered vaginal swabs. The majority (95.1%) found self-sampling technique using Copan Self Vaginal FLOQSwabs® easy to perform. Additionally, 98.5% indicated that the self-swab instructions were clear and comprehensive, while 94.1% reported no pain during the process. Furthermore, 67.8% of participants expressed a preference for performing the swab in a clinic rather than at home. All respondents chose self-sampling due to greater personal privacy, tranquility, reduced anxiety and time optimization. The questionnaire results revealed an overall low level of knowledge about HPV among participants, with a mean score at 1.9 out of 6 [95%CI 1.67-2.21] and a moderate level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer risks, with a mean score at 3.7 out of 6 [95%CI 3.19-4.21]. This pattern was consistent across both vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts, indicating a strong demand for enhanced awareness of HPV and cervical cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the high acceptance of self-sampling among young women aged 24-28 years in Mongolia. However, it also underscores a significant need for improved awareness initiatives concerning HPV and cervical cancer in Mongolia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Adult; Mongolia; Young Adult; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vaginal Smears; Self Care; Follow-Up Studies; Specimen Handling; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prognosis; Early Detection of Cancer; Cross-Sectional Studies; Human Papillomavirus Viruses
PubMed: 38809655
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2024.25.5.1823