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Scientific Reports Aug 2023Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic, food-borne trematode infection that affects 21 million people globally. Trematodes interact with their hosts via extracellular vesicles...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic, food-borne trematode infection that affects 21 million people globally. Trematodes interact with their hosts via extracellular vesicles (EV) that carry protein and RNA cargo. We analyzed EV in excretory-secretory products (ESP) released by Paragonimus kellicotti adult worms cultured in vitro (EV ESP) and EV isolated from lung cyst fluid (EV CFP) recovered from infected gerbils. The majority of EV were approximately 30-50 nm in diameter. We identified 548 P. kellicotti-derived proteins in EV ESP by mass spectrometry and 8 proteins in EV CFP of which 7 were also present in EV ESP. No parasite-derived proteins were reliably detected in EV isolated from plasma samples. A cysteine protease (MK050848, CP-6) was the most abundant protein found in EV CFP in all technical and biological replicates. Immunolocalization of CP-6 showed strong labeling in the tegument of P. kellicotti and in the adjacent cyst and lung tissue that contained worm eggs. It is likely that CP-6 present in EV is involved in parasite-host interactions. These results provide new insights into interactions between Paragonimus and their mammalian hosts, and they provide potential clues for development of novel diagnostic tools and treatments.
Topics: Animals; Proteome; Paragonimus; Cysts; Extracellular Vesicles; Gerbillinae; Lung
PubMed: 37608002
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39966-x -
The American Journal of Tropical... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Animals; Paragonimiasis; Pleural Effusion; Paragonimus
PubMed: 37549895
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0301 -
International Journal of Infectious... Oct 2023Pleural effusion caused by lung fluke is a rare etiology of exudative pleural effusion (EPE), which is often misdiagnosed or delayed. We aim to summarize the diagnosis...
OBJECTIVES
Pleural effusion caused by lung fluke is a rare etiology of exudative pleural effusion (EPE), which is often misdiagnosed or delayed. We aim to summarize the diagnosis and treatment course of EPE caused by lung fluke infection and put forward a practical diagnosis approach.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of 14 cases of EPE caused by lung fluke infection diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies or egg detection.
RESULTS
All patients (100%) with an absolute count of eosinophils in peripheral blood exceeded 0.5 × 10/l, and 10 patients (71.4%) had a history of special ingestion. Eosinophilic PE occurred in 11 patients (78.6%), pleural biopsy of medical thoracoscopic demonstrated eosinophils infiltration in nine patients (64.3%), and parasite eggs in one patient. All patients showed positive intradermal tests for Paragonimus-specific antigens and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies to Paragonimus.
CONCLUSION
For patients with unexplained PE, lung fluke infection should be highly suspected when pleural fluid or pleural biopsy shows eosinophilic PE or eosinophils infiltration, especially for patients with certain diet history.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Pleural Effusion; Paragonimiasis; Eosinophilia; Paragonimus; Antibodies; Lung
PubMed: 37507085
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.07.013 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jul 2023Three dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax and referred to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre for management. The 3 dogs were diagnosed...
Three dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax and referred to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre for management. The 3 dogs were diagnosed with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax due to paragonimosis. The diagnosis was made by visualization of adult trematodes during surgical exploration with histopathological confirmation in 1 dog, and detection of trematode eggs fecal sedimentation in the other 2 dogs. Two of the dogs developed unusual additional lesions, including hemoabdomen, muscle abscess, and abdominal adhesions. These were suspected to be secondary to aberrant fluke larval migration. All 3 dogs lived within a relatively small geographical area of Ontario and were hospitalized between December 2021 and March 2022. Each dog survived to discharge with surgical or medical management of the pneumothorax and treatment with a prolonged course of fenbendazole. Key clinical message: Paragonimosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for canine spontaneous pneumothorax in areas where is, or may be, endemic, or in dogs that have travelled to endemic areas - particularly if the patient has a history of cough or potential exposure to freshwater crayfish. Routine anthelmintic treatment does not prevent infection and standard fecal floatation methods may not detect the eggs. Therefore, diagnostic testing should include a fecal sedimentation test and thoracic radiographs to screen for .
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Pneumothorax; Ontario; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Disease Outbreaks; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37397693
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023The clinical manifestations of paragonimiasis are diverse and non-specific, and can easily lead to misdiagnosis. We aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations,...
INTRODUCTION
The clinical manifestations of paragonimiasis are diverse and non-specific, and can easily lead to misdiagnosis. We aimed to analyze the clinical manifestations, laboratory features, treatment, and clinical outcome of children with paragonimiasis in order to improve recognition of this disease and avoid misdiagnosis.
METHODS
Children diagnosed with paragonimiasis from August 2016 to July 2022 were included in the study. Information on population informatics, medical history, and laboratory features was extracted from case data. The clinical features of paragonimiasis were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 45 children were included in this study. All children had, at least, one risk factor. The clinical features mainly included fever, cough, pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, and subcutaneous nodules. The main imaging findings were alveolar exudation, peritoneal effusion, pleural thickening, and local nodules. The "tunnel sign" finding on computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was helpful in establishing the diagnosis of paragonimiasis. After praziquantel treatment, most of the children improved, and one child with cerebral paragonimiasis experienced sequelae.
CONCLUSION
Most children with paragonimiasis have a good prognosis, but few children can experience sequelae. Avoidance of untreated water and raw food is a simple, feasible, and effective preventive measure.
PubMed: 37266536
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1143262 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jul 2023Paragonimiasis is an important but neglected foodborne trematodiasis caused by Paragonimus mexicanus in Costa Rica. Immunological techniques for diagnosing this...
Paragonimiasis is an important but neglected foodborne trematodiasis caused by Paragonimus mexicanus in Costa Rica. Immunological techniques for diagnosing this parasitosis in humans do not exist in Central America. The objective of the present study was to use recombinant Paragonimus westermani cysteine protease 7 to standardize an ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Paragonimus spp. Human sera positive for P. westermani, P. mexicanus, or Paragonimus spp., human sera infected with other helminths, as well as sera of healthy humans without parasitic infections, were analyzed. The sensitivity of the ELISA was 92.9%, and the specificity was 91.9%. This report is the first to describe the development of an ELISA for the diagnosis of Paragonimus spp. in Costa Rica and Central America. Using this ELISA in the health system of Costa Rica is recommended to detect infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Cysteine Proteases; Paragonimus; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Costa Rica
PubMed: 37253437
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0452 -
JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical... Mar 2023Paragonimiasis contributes to significant foodborne zoonosis worldwide. The major mode of transmission in humans is by consumption of uncooked or undercooked crabs and...
UNLABELLED
Paragonimiasis contributes to significant foodborne zoonosis worldwide. The major mode of transmission in humans is by consumption of uncooked or undercooked crabs and crayfish harbouring Paragonimus metacercariae. It begins with symptoms like fever and lower respiratory involvement from a few months to a year, mimicking those of tuberculosis and leading to diagnostic delay. Here, we report two cases of paragonimiasis during a period of nine months. Both cases presented with symptoms of productive cough with rusty sputum, chest pain, along with eosinophilia, and pleural effusion and had a history of consumption of smoked crab from the local river. The diagnosis was established by microscopic demonstration of Paragonimus ova in the sputum. They were treated with praziquantel and recovered. Indeed, it is challenging to diagnose paragonimiasis due to the lack of its specific symptoms but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilia and pleural effusion in such lung diseases.
KEYWORDS
case reports; eosinophilia; paragonimiasis; pleural effusion.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Anthelmintics; Delayed Diagnosis; Paragonimus; Brachyura; Pleural Effusion; Eosinophilia
PubMed: 37203942
DOI: 10.31729/jnma.8080 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2023As a rare zoonotic helminth disease, paragonimiasis is easy to be misdiagnosed. Adequate attention to the medical history of the patient and early detection of...
As a rare zoonotic helminth disease, paragonimiasis is easy to be misdiagnosed. Adequate attention to the medical history of the patient and early detection of serological antibodies can improve the diagnosis rate. Praziquantel and trichlorobendazole are commonly used for treatment, and the prognosis is good. This case report mainly introduces the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of paragonimiasis, with an aim to draw the attention of doctors to the disease.
PubMed: 37197157
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101847 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2023
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimus westermani; Mediastinal Cyst; Paragonimiasis
PubMed: 37150353
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.05.001 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2023The infection is a parasitic foodborne infection that induces systemic symptoms with eosinophilia in humans. Here, we described pneumothorax in addition to pulmonary...
The infection is a parasitic foodborne infection that induces systemic symptoms with eosinophilia in humans. Here, we described pneumothorax in addition to pulmonary opacities with eosinophilia in a man with a positive serology. He was misdiagnosed with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) during the initial phase. Paragonimiasis can share similar clinical findings with CEP in cases where the worm is confined to the lungs. The findings of the current study suggest that paragonimiasis and CEP can be distinguished from each other by the presence of various symptoms. Notably, eosinophilia with pneumothorax should be an important diagnostic factor for paragonimiasis.
PubMed: 37138842
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S402392