-
Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene :... Feb 2023Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in adjacent subgingival biofilms is not known. This study assessed the microbiological effect of supragingival air polishing on the subgingival microbiota of individuals with severe periodontitis.
METHODS
Supragingival air polishing with a sodium bicarbonatebased powder was performed on 15 adult test subjects, with the nozzle of the air polishing device aimed apically at a 45° angle onto tooth surfaces immediately coronal to the entrance of periodontal pockets. Supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, using a slow-speed handpiece, was carried out on 13 adult control subjects. Subgingival specimens were collected from a single 5 mm to 7 mm periodontal pocket with bleeding on probing in each of the study participants before and immediately after supragingival polishing procedures. Viable bacterial counts and selected putative periodontal pathogens ( species) were quantified by microbial culture, and motile morphotypes (spirochetes and motile rods) by phase-contrast microscopy.
RESULTS
Statistically significant decreases were detected after supragingival air polishing in total viable counts (84.9% decrease), in species, total proportions of red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (82.3% decrease), and in motile morphotypes (85.3% decrease). No statistically significant subgingival microbiological changes occurred with supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing.
CONCLUSION
Supragingival air polishing of teeth, but not supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, may serve as a useful therapeutic adjunct to disrupt and help remove pathogenic biofilms in deep periodontal pockets.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Periodontal Pocket; Dental Polishing; Dental Plaque; Periodontitis; Campylobacter; Microbiota
PubMed: 36968802
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2023Droplets and aerosols produced during dental procedures are a risk factor for microbial and viral transmission. Unlike sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is...
BACKGROUND
Droplets and aerosols produced during dental procedures are a risk factor for microbial and viral transmission. Unlike sodium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is nontoxic to tissues but still exhibits broad microbicidal effect. HOCl solution may be applicable as a supplement to water and/or mouthwash. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HOCl solution on common human oral pathogens and a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate MHV A59 virus, considering the dental practice environment.
METHODS
HOCl was generated by electrolysis of 3% hydrochloric acid. The effect of HOCl on human oral pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus intermedius, Parvimonas micra, and MHV A59 virus was studied from four perspectives: concentration; volume; presence of saliva; and storage. HOCl solution in different conditions was utilized in bactericidal and virucidal assays, and the minimum inhibitory volume ratio that is required to completely inhibit the pathogens was determined.
RESULTS
In the absence of saliva, the minimum inhibitory volume ratio of freshly prepared HOCl solution (45-60 ppm) was 4:1 for bacterial suspensions and 6:1 for viral suspensions. The presence of saliva increased the minimum inhibitory volume ratio to 8:1 and 7:1 for bacteria and viruses, respectively. Applying a higher concentration of HOCl solution (220 or 330 ppm) did not lead to a significant decrease in the minimum inhibitory volume ratio against S. intermedius and P. micra. The minimum inhibitory volume ratio increases in applications of HOCl solution via the dental unit water line. One week of storage of HOCl solution degraded HOCl and increased the minimum growth inhibition volume ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
HOCl solution (45-60 ppm) is still effective against oral pathogens and SAR-CoV-2 surrogate viruses even in the presence of saliva and after passing through the dental unit water line. This study indicates that the HOCl solution can be used as therapeutic water or mouthwash and may ultimately reduce the risk of airborne infection in dental practice.
Topics: Humans; Hypochlorous Acid; SARS-CoV-2; Mouthwashes; COVID-19; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets; Bacteria
PubMed: 36803460
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02820-7 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2023Mask-wearing is still recommended owing to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the closed chamber created by the mask, people are increasingly...
Mask-wearing is still recommended owing to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Within the closed chamber created by the mask, people are increasingly self-aware of their oral malodor. In this prospective and cross-sectional study, we aimed to measure volatile sulfide compound (VSC) levels in patients with halitosis and investigate the oral microbiome profile on the inner surface of their KF94 masks. We also investigated which oral microbiota increases VSC levels and whether the oral microbiomes of oral saliva and mask are correlated. A total of 50 subjects (41 women, average age 38.12 ± 12.58 years old) were included in the study, 25 healthy subjects and 25 patients with halitosis who wore masks for more than 3 h. The dominant bacterial species, bacterial profile, and Shannon diversity index of whole unstimulated saliva and the inner surface of the mask were investigated. The bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes of the major oral bacterial species were analyzed using real-time PCR. Gas chromatography was used to measure hydrogen sulfide (HS) and methyl mercaptan (CHSH), which are representative VSCs. The total bacterial DNA copy number was significantly higher in the saliva sample than in the mask sample (p < 0.001), and the average value was 276 times greater. Shannon diversity index was also significantly higher in saliva than in the inner surface of the mask (2.62 ± 0.81 vs. 1.15 ± 1.52, p < 0.001). The most common Gram-negative and Gram-positive species in the masks were Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Lactobacillus casei (Lc), respectively. The bacterial species with significant positive correlations between saliva and mask samples were Prevotella intermedia (Pi) (r = 0.324, p = 0.022), Eikenella corrodens (r = 0.309, p = 0.029), Lc (r = 0.293, p = 0.039), and Parvimonas micra (Pm) (r = 0.366, p = 0.009). The mean value of CHSH was significantly higher in the halitosis group than in the non-halitosis group (17.84 ± 29.00 vs. 3.84 ± 10.57 ppb, p = 0.031). In the halitosis group, the DNA copy numbers and VSC levels showed highly positive correlation coefficients in the order Pg, Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Pi, and Prevotella nigrescens (Pn) (all p < 0.05). Regarding bacterial profiles of the mask, Td was strongly correlated with CHSH (r = 0.414, p = 0.040) and total VSCs (r = 0.374, p = 0.033) only in halitosis group. Mask-wearing time was strongly correlated with total VSCs, HS, and CHSH (all r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Oral bacteria, whose association with halitosis has been identified, increased VSC levels in mask-wearing subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly the number of Gram-negative anaerobes such as Pg and Td. Mask-wearing time was a major factor in increasing VSC levels. The study results suggest that people with halitosis could control these Gram-negative bacteria by improving oral hygiene and regularly changing masks.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Halitosis; Sulfur Compounds; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Prospective Studies; COVID-19; Sulfides; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Hydrogen Sulfide; Saliva; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 36781937
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29080-3 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2023The aim of the present randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a parallel arm design was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of repeated ICG-aPDT as an... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Clinical and microbiological efficacy of indocyanine green-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present randomized clinical trial (RCT) with a parallel arm design was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of repeated ICG-aPDT as an adjunct to full-mouth subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-four periodontitis patients were treated with full-mouth ultrasonic subgingival debridement (FMUD). Initial sites with probing depth (PD) > 4 mm were randomly assigned to receive the test (ICG-aPDT with an 810 nm diode laser) or the control treatment (off-mode aPDT) one and four weeks after FMUD. Clinical parameters were registered after 3 and 6 months. The presence of the main periodontal pathogens in subgingival samples was assessed with real-time PCR.
RESULTS
Both treatment modalities resulted in significant clinical improvements at 3 and 6 months. The only significant differences in favour of the test group were found at 6 months for a higher PD reduction in initial deep pockets (PD ≥ 6 mm) and a higher percentage of closed pockets (PD ≤ 4 mm/no bleeding on probing). Limited microbiological changes were observed in both groups after treatment with no inter-group difference, except for a more significant reduction in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Parvimonas micra levels in the test group at 3 months.
CONCLUSION
The combination of repeated ICG-aPDT and FMUD provided no benefits except for selective clinical and microbiological improvements compared to FMUD alone.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Based on the obtained results, only limited adjunctive effects could be found for the combined use of ICG-aPDT and FMUD. Further, well-designed RCT with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04671394.
Topics: Humans; Indocyanine Green; Dental Scaling; Chronic Periodontitis; Photochemotherapy; Anti-Infective Agents; Root Planing
PubMed: 36719506
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04875-w -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2023To describe the submucosal microbial profiles of peri-implantitis and healthy implants, and to explore bacteria that might be correlated with clinical parameters.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the submucosal microbial profiles of peri-implantitis and healthy implants, and to explore bacteria that might be correlated with clinical parameters.
METHODS
In the present cross-sectional study, 49 patients were recruited. Each patient contributed with one implant, submucosal biofilms were collected from 20 healthy implants and 29 implants with peri-implantitis. DNA was extracted and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes were amplified. Submucosal biofilms were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing at Illumina MiSeq platform. Differences between the groups were determined by analyzing α diversity, microbial component and microbial structure. The potential correlation between the bacteria with pocket probing depth (PPD) of peri-implant calculated by Spearman correlation analysis.
RESULTS
The α diversity of submucosal microbial of health group was significantly lower than that in peri-implantitis group (Chao1 index: 236.85±66.13 150.54±57.43, < 0.001; Shannon index: 3.42±0.48 . 3.02±0.65, =0.032). Principal coordinated analysis showed that the submucosal microbial structure had significant difference between healthy and peri-implantitis groups [=0.243, =0.001, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM)]. Compared with healthy implants, relative abundance of periodontal pathogens were higher in peri-implantitis, including members of the red complex (, , ) and some members of orange complex (, , ), as well as some new periodontal pathogens, such as , , , and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of (=0.686, < 0.001), (=0.675, < 0.001), (=0.671, < 0.001), (=0.664, < 0.001), (=0.642, < 0.001), (=0.604, < 0.001), (=0.597, < 0.001), (=0.573, < 0.001) were positive correlated with PPD. While the relative abundance of (=-0.615, < 0.001) showed negatively correlation with PPD.
CONCLUSION
Marked differences were observed in the microbial profiles of healthy implants and peri-implantitis. The members of red and orange complex as well as some new periodontal pathogens seem to play an important role in peri-implant disease. Compared with healthy implants, the submucosal microbial of peri-implantitis were characterized by high species richness and diversity.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Cross-Sectional Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacterial Load; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Dental Implants
PubMed: 36718686
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2023.01.005 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2023Biofilm-free implant surface is ultimate prerequisite for successful soft and bone tissue integration. Objective of the study was to estimate the effects of argon plasma...
PURPOSE
Biofilm-free implant surface is ultimate prerequisite for successful soft and bone tissue integration. Objective of the study was to estimate the effects of argon plasma healing abutment pre-treatment (PT) on peri-implant soft-tissue phenotype (PiSP), inflammation, plaque accumulation and the microbiome (PiM) between non-treated (NPT) and treated (PT) abutments following 3-months healing period. The hypothesis was that cell-conductive and antimicrobial properties of PT would yield optimal conditions for soft tissue integration.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two months following second-phase surgery, microbiological and clinical parameters were assessed around thirty-six healing abutments with two types of microtopography, smooth surface (MACHINED) and ultrathin threaded microsurface (ROUGH). A two level randomization schema was used to achieve equal distribution and abutments were randomly divided into rough and machined groups, and then divided into PT and NPT groups. PiM was assessed using next-generation DNA sequencing.
RESULTS
PiM bacterial composition was highly diverse already two months post-implantation, consisting of key-stone pathogens, early and late colonizers, while the mycobiome was less diverse. PT was associated with lower plaque accumulation and inflammation without significant impact on PiSP, while in NPT clinical parameters were increased and associated with periopathogens. NPT mostly harbored late colonizers, while PT exerted higher abundance of early colonizers suggesting less advanced plaque formation. Interaction analysis in PT demonstrated S. mitis co-occurrence with pro-healthy Rothia dentocariosa and co-exclusion with Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella oris. PiSP parameters were generally similar between the groups, but significant association between PiM and keratinized mucosa width was observed in both groups, with remarkably more expressed diversity in NPT compared to PT. PT resulted in significantly lower BOP and PI around rough and machined abutments, respectively, without specific effect on PiM and PiSP.
CONCLUSIONS
PT contributed to significantly the less advanced biofilm accumulation and inflammation without specific effects on PiSP.
Topics: Humans; Argon; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque; Dental Prosthesis Design; Inflammation; Microbiota; Plasma Gases; Titanium
PubMed: 36650477
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02729-1 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Jan 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and a strong relationship exists between CRC and gut microbiota, which affects the occurrence,...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and a strong relationship exists between CRC and gut microbiota, which affects the occurrence, development, and metastasis of cancer. Bioinformatics-based analyses revealed that the abundance of Parvimonas micra (P. micra) in the feces of patients with cancer is significantly higher than that in healthy people. Therefore, an important relationship may exist between P. micra and CRC.
METHODS
We first confirmed that P. micra can promote the proliferation of cell lines through cell experiments and mouse models. Then we selected the signaling pathways and content of exosomes to promote the development of CRC by transcriptomics and microRNA sequencing. Finally, we confirmed that P. micra promoted CRC development through miR-218-5p/Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway through the in vivo and in vitro experiments.
RESULTS
First, it was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments that P. micra can promote the development of CRC. Transcriptome analysis after the coincubation of bacteria and cells revealed that P. micra promoted cell proliferation by activating the Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway. Furthermore, microRNA sequencing analysis of the cells and exosomes showed that miR-218-5p and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor R (PTPRR) were the key factors involved in activating the Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway, and the miR-218-5p inhibitor was used to confirm the role of microRNA in xenograft mice.
CONCLUSION
This experiment confirmed that P. micra promoted the development of CRC by upregulating miR-218-5p expression in cells and exosomes, inhibiting PTPRR expression, and ultimately activating the Ras/ERK/c-Fos signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; MicroRNAs; Signal Transduction; Firmicutes
PubMed: 36627634
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02572-2 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to profile the bacterial pathogen of pleural infection in aspiration pneumonia for therapeutic decision-making.
OBJECTIVE
Using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to profile the bacterial pathogen of pleural infection in aspiration pneumonia for therapeutic decision-making.
METHODS
Collection and analysis of the clinical and laboratory data of aspiration pneumonia patients who underwent mNGS detection of pleural effusion at the Second Hospital of Jilin University from November 2020 and March 2022.
RESULTS
Nine males and one female were included, aged 33 to 69 years. All patients had chest pain, fever, cough, and hypoxemia symptoms; 90% had expectoration. The laboratory tests revealed that all patients had elevated white blood cell, neutrophil, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Furthermore, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increased in 8 patients, and procalcitonin increased in only one patient. Chest CT indicated different degrees of lobar pneumonia and pleural effusion in all patients, and biochemical results implied exudative effusion according to Light criteria. Most routine culture results were negative. Among bacteria identified by mNGS, (n=9) was the most common, followed by (n=7) and (n=6). Three patients underwent surgical treatment after applying targeted antibiotics, thoracic puncture and drainage, and fibrinolytic septum treatment. After the adjusted treatment, the number of white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes decreased significantly, indicating the eradication of the infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Improving the vigilance of atypical people suffering from aspiration pneumonia is essential. The mNGS detection of pleural effusion clarified the microbial spectrum of aspiration pneumonia, allowing targeted antibiotic administration.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Metagenomics; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged
PubMed: 36605125
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.992352 -
Gut Pathogens Dec 2022Previous evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to provide quantitative...
BACKGROUND
Previous evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to provide quantitative analysis and visualization of the interaction between the gut microbiota and CRC in order to establish a more precise microbiota panel for CRC diagnosis.
METHOD
A paired-sample study was designed by retrieving original metagenomic data from the GMrepo database. The differences in the distribution of the gut microbiota between CRCs and controls were analysed at the species level. A co-occurrence network was established, and the microbial interactions with environmental factors were assessed. Random forest models were used to determine significant biomarkers for differentiating CRC and control samples.
RESULTS
A total of 709 metagenomic samples from 6 projects were identified. After matching, 86 CRC patients and 86 matched healthy controls from six countries were enrolled. A total of 484 microbial species and 166 related genera were analysed. In addition to previously recognized associations between Fusobacterium nucleatum and species belonging to the genera Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella and CRC, we found new associations with the novel species of Parvimonas micra and Collinsella tanakaei. In CRC patients, Bacteroides uniformis and Collinsella tanakaei were positively correlated with age, whereas Dorea longicatena, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, and Eubacterium hallii had positive associations with body mass index (BMI). Finally, a random forest model was established by integrating different numbers of species with the highest model-building importance and lowest inner subcategory bias. The median value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.812 in the training cohort and 0.790 in the validation set.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides a novel bioinformatics approach for investigating the interaction between the gut microbiota and CRC using an online free database. The identification of key species and their associated genes should be further emphasized to determine the relative causality of microbial organisms in the development of CRC.
PubMed: 36564826
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00527-8 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Green propolis may represent a promising therapeutic alternative against dental anaerobic pathogens because of its antimicrobial action. This study aimed to evaluate the...
Green propolis may represent a promising therapeutic alternative against dental anaerobic pathogens because of its antimicrobial action. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm actions of Brazilian green propolis aqueous extract (BGP-AqExt) against dental anaerobic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicide concentration (MMC) of the extract were determined against the standard strains (ATCC) of , , and . BGP-AqExt was chemically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. Antibiofilm action was measured by MTT and crystal violet tests. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey (5%) tests. The extract had antimicrobial action against all tested anaerobic bacteria, with an MIC value of 55 mg/mL for all bacteria, an MMC of 27.5 mg/mL for and and 55 mg/mL for . Chemically, BGP-AqExt is composed of quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic and p-coumaric acid, drupani, kaempferol and Artepillin C. Significant reductions in biomass and metabolic action of biofilms were found after BGP-AqExt application. Therefore, BGP-AqExt has an antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect against dental anaerobic bacteria.
Topics: Propolis; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Anti-Infective Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36500223
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238128