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Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota in Regard to Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergies of Children.Biomedicines Mar 2024The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, as well as in the development of various pathologies, as indicated by a large amount of research....
The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, as well as in the development of various pathologies, as indicated by a large amount of research. One of the manifestations of an imbalance in the gut microbiome composition is the appearance of various diseases or immune reactions, in particular, atopic dermatitis (AD) and/or food allergies (FA). In this research, using 16S NGS sequencing, it was found that the gut microbiome of children with food allergies and children with atopic dermatitis can be characterized as having higher inflammatory potential. Both groups exhibited an abundance of representatives from the and families, as well as a decrease in the relative number of representatives from the family compared to healthy participants. In the group of participants with food allergies, there was a decrease in the relative number of representatives and family enrichment in relatively healthy participants. In addition, when comparing this group with patients with atopic dermatitis, it was revealed that a number of representatives of such families as , and prevailed. This information confirms that AD and FA correlate with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. Further research is needed to determine the cause-effect connections and the effect of compounds derived from the microbiota on the AD and FA development and progression, as well as to create new probiotic drugs to prevent and modulate immune responses, including at an early age.
PubMed: 38540166
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12030553 -
Toxins Mar 2024is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with localized aggressive periodontitis as well as some systemic diseases. The strains of most closely associated with disease...
is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with localized aggressive periodontitis as well as some systemic diseases. The strains of most closely associated with disease produce more of a secreted leukotoxin (LtxA) than isolates from healthy carriers, suggesting a key role for this toxin in disease progression. LtxA is released into the bacterial cytosol in a free form as well as in association with the surface of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We previously observed that the highly leukotoxic strain JP2 produces two populations of OMVs: a highly abundant population of small (<100 nm) OMVs and a less abundant population of large (>300 nm) OMVs. Here, we have developed a protocol to isolate the OMVs produced during each specific phase of growth and used this to demonstrate that small OMVs are produced throughout growth and lack LtxA, while large OMVs are produced only during the exponential phase and are enriched with LtxA. Our results indicate that surface-associated DNA drives the selective sorting of LtxA into large OMVs. This study provides valuable insights into the observed heterogeneity of vesicles and emphasizes the importance of understanding these variations in the context of bacterial pathogenesis.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Toxins, Biological; Cytosol; Biological Transport; Cell Movement
PubMed: 38535804
DOI: 10.3390/toxins16030138 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2024Companion animals, including dogs and cats, are frequently identified as sources of Pasteurella multocida, a bacterium that can be transmitted to humans and cause...
BACKGROUND
Companion animals, including dogs and cats, are frequently identified as sources of Pasteurella multocida, a bacterium that can be transmitted to humans and cause infections.
OBJECTIVES
This survey defines the prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity, capsular types, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) types and virulence factors of P. multocida isolated from cats.
METHODS
A total of 100 specimens from various cat breeds were collected. P. multocida was characterized using both biochemical tests and PCR. Genotypes of isolates were determined using capsular and LPS typing methods. Additionally, virulotyping was performed by detecting the presence of 12 virulence-associated genes. Disk diffusion was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates.
RESULTS
The prevalence of P. multocida in cats was 29%. Among the isolates, the majority were capsular type A (96.5%) and type D (3.4%), with a predominant presence of type A. Twenty-six of the isolates (89.66%) belonged to LPS genotype L6, whereas three isolates (10.3%) belonged to genotype L3. Among the 12 virulence genes examined, sodC, oma87, ptfA, nanB and ompH showed remarkable prevalence (100%). The toxA gene was detected in four isolates (13.8%). Variations were observed in other virulence genes. The nanH gene was present in 93.1% of the isolates, whereas the pfhA gene was detected in 58.6% of the isolates. The exbD-tonB, hgbB, sodA and hgbA genes showed prevalence rates of 96.5%, 96.5%, 96.5% and 82.8%, respectively. Additionally, particular capsule and LPS types were associated with specific virulence genes. Specifically, the toxA and pfhA genes were found to be more prevalent in isolates with capsular type A and LPS genotype L6. Most isolates were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, lincomycin, streptomycin and penicillin.
CONCLUSIONS
According to this epidemiological and molecular data, P. multocida from cats possess several virulence-associated genes and are resistant to antimicrobial medicines commonly used in humans and animals. Thus, it is crucial to consider the public health concerns of P. multocida in humans.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Humans; Dogs; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurella Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Lipopolysaccharides; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38519838
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1424 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an economically important disease affecting cattle and buffaloes and the livelihoods of small-holder farmers that depend upon them. The...
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an economically important disease affecting cattle and buffaloes and the livelihoods of small-holder farmers that depend upon them. The disease is caused by Gram-negative bacterium, Pasteurella multocida, and is considered to be endemic in many states of India with more than 25,000 outbreaks in the past three decades. Currently, there is no national policy for control of HS in India. In this study, we analysed thirty year (1987-2016) monthly data on HS outbreaks using different statistical and mathematical methods to identify spatial variability and temporal patterns (seasonality, periodicity). There was zonal variation in the trend and seasonality of HS outbreaks. Overall, South zone reported maximum proportion of the outbreaks (70.2%), followed by East zone (7.2%), Central zone (6.4%), North zone (5.6%), West zone (5.5%) and North-East zone (4.9%). Annual state level analysis indicated that the reporting of HS outbreaks started at different years independently and there was no apparent transmission between the states. The results of the current study are useful for the policy makers to design national control programme on HS in India and implement state specific strategies. Further, our study and strategies could aid in implementation of similar approaches in HS endemic tropical countries around the world.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Hemorrhagic Septicemia; Pasteurella multocida; Buffaloes; Disease Outbreaks; India; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 38514747
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56213-z -
The Tokai Journal of Experimental and... Apr 2024We report a case of chronic infection with in the lower respiratory tract in a man with a cat. A 77-year-old man presented with recurrent hemoptysis accompanied by...
We report a case of chronic infection with in the lower respiratory tract in a man with a cat. A 77-year-old man presented with recurrent hemoptysis accompanied by bronchiectasis and an opacity in the left lung on chest computed tomography. Although the patient was seropositive for complex, repeated sputum cultures were negative for any specific pathogen. Three years later, he was referred to our hospital for hemoptysis with enhanced opacity in the lower lobe of the left lung. Culture of bronchial lavage fluid obtained via bronchoscopy was positive for . The patient was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for 14 days and was instructed to avoid close contact with his cat. His symptoms and chest imaging findings improved and have not recurred during more than 1 1/2 years of follow up. can cause chronic lower respiratory infections.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Pasteurella multocida; Hemoptysis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Lung; Bronchitis
PubMed: 38509006
DOI: No ID Found -
Respiratory Research Mar 2024The lung microbiome is an inflammatory stimulus whose role in the development of lung malignancies is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the lung microbiome...
RATIONALE
The lung microbiome is an inflammatory stimulus whose role in the development of lung malignancies is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the lung microbiome associates with multiple clinical factors, including the presence of a lung malignancy.
OBJECTIVES
To assess associations between the upper and lower airway microbiome and multiple clinical factors including lung malignancy.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort study of upper and lower airway microbiome samples from 44 subjects undergoing lung lobectomy for suspected or confirmed lung cancer. Subjects provided oral (2), induced sputum, nasopharyngeal, bronchial, and lung tissue (3) samples. Pathologic diagnosis, age, tobacco use, dental care history, lung function, and inhaled corticosteroid use were associated with upper and lower airway microbiome findings.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Older age was associated with greater Simpson diversity in the oral and nasopharyngeal sites (p = 0.022 and p = 0.019, respectively). Current tobacco use was associated with greater lung and bronchus Simpson diversity (p < 0.0001). Self-reported last profession dental cleaning more than 6 months prior (vs. 6 or fewer months prior) was associated with lower lung and bronchus Simpson diversity (p < 0.0001). Diagnosis of a lung adenocarcinoma (vs. other pathologic findings) was associated with lower bronchus and lung Simpson diversity (p = 0.024). Last professional dental cleaning, dichotomized as ≤ 6 months vs. >6 months prior, was associated with clustering among lung samples (p = 0.027, R = 0.016). Current tobacco use was associated with greater abundance of pulmonary pathogens Mycoplasmoides and Haemophilus in lower airway samples. Self-reported professional dental cleaning ≤ 6 months prior (vs. >6 months prior) was associated with greater bronchial Actinomyces and lung Streptococcus abundance. Lung adenocarcinoma (vs. no lung adenocarcinoma) was associated with lower Lawsonella abundance in lung samples. Inhaled corticosteroid use was associated with greater abundance of Haemophilus among oral samples and greater Staphylococcus among lung samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Current tobacco use, recent dental cleaning, and a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma are associated with lung and bronchial microbiome α-diversity, composition (β-diversity), and the abundance of several respiratory pathogens. These findings suggest that modifiable habits (tobacco use and dental care) may influence the lower airway microbiome. Larger controlled studies to investigate these potential associations are warranted.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Self Report; Lung; Bronchi; Microbiota; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Haemophilus; Tobacco Use; Habits; Adrenal Cortex Hormones
PubMed: 38500160
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02750-0 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Data collected from the German national resistance monitoring program GE-Vet showed slowly increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance among bovine respiratory disease...
Data collected from the German national resistance monitoring program GE-Vet showed slowly increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance among bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-associated from cattle over the last decade. The focus of this study was to analyze the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the prevalence of multidrug-resistance (MDR)-mediating integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in 13 German BRD-associated isolates collected between 2009 and 2020 via whole-genome sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via broth microdilution according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for the macrolides erythromycin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, gamithromycin, tildipirosin, and tylosin as well as 25 other antimicrobial agents. All isolates either had elevated MICs or were resistant to at least one of the macrolides tested. Analysis of whole-genome sequences obtained by hybrid assembly of Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION reads revealed the presence of seven novel Tn-like ICEs, designated Tn, and Tn- Tn. These ICEs harbored the antimicrobial resistance genes (T), (C), (G), (Y), and in different combinations. In addition, mutational changes conferring resistance to macrolides, nalidixic acid or streptomycin, respectively, were detected among the . isolates. In addition, four isolates carried a 4,613-bp plasmid with the β-lactamase gene . The detection of the macrolide resistance genes (T), (C), and (G) together with other resistance genes on MDR-mediating ICEs in bovine may explain the occurrence of therapeutic failure when treating BRD with regularly used antimicrobial agents, such as phenicols, penicillins, tetracyclines, or macrolides. Finally, pathogen identification and subsequent AST is essential to ensure the efficacy of the antimicrobial agents applied to control BRD in cattle.
PubMed: 38495516
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356208 -
Veterinary Research Mar 2024Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen that primarily causes fatal respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia and respiratory syndromes. However, the...
Pasteurella multocida is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen that primarily causes fatal respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia and respiratory syndromes. However, the precise mechanistic understanding of how P. multocida disrupts the epithelial barrier in mammalian lung remains largely unknown. In this study, using unbiased RNA-seq analysis, we found that the evolutionarily conserved Hippo-Yap pathway was dysregulated after P. multocida infection. Given the complexity of P. multocida infection associated with lung injury and systemic inflammatory processes, we employed a combination of cell culture models, mouse models, and rabbit models to investigate the dynamics of the Hippo-Yap pathway during P. multocida infection. Our findings reveal that P. multocida infection activates the Hippo-Yap pathway both in vitro and in vivo, by upregulating the upstream factors p-Mst1/2, p-Lats1, and p-Yap, and downregulating the downstream effectors Birc5, Cyr61, and Slug. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of the Hippo pathway by XMU-MP-1 significantly rescued pulmonary epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro and reduced lung injury, systemic inflammation, and mouse mortality in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that P. multocida induced up-regulation of Rassf1 expression, and Rassf1 enhanced Hippo-Yap pathway through phosphorylation. Accordingly, in vitro knockdown of Rassf1 significantly enhanced Yap activity and expression of Yap downstream factors and reduced apoptosis during P. multocida infection. P. multocida-infected rabbit samples also showed overexpression of Rassf1, p-Lats1, and p-Yap, suggesting that P. multocida activates the Rassf1-Hippo-Yap pathway. These results elucidate the pathogenic role of the Rassf1-Hippo-Yap pathway in P. multocida infection and suggest that this pathway has the potential to be a drug target for the treatment of pasteurellosis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Rabbits; Hippo Signaling Pathway; Signal Transduction; Pasteurella multocida; Lung Injury; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Cell Cycle Proteins; Lung; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Mammals; Rodent Diseases
PubMed: 38493147
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01285-y -
BMC Infectious Diseases Mar 2024Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic pathogen that mainly causes local skin and soft tissue infections in the human body through cat and dog bites. It rarely causes...
BACKGROUND
Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic pathogen that mainly causes local skin and soft tissue infections in the human body through cat and dog bites. It rarely causes bacteraemia (or sepsis) and meningitis. We reported a case of septic shock and meningitis caused by P. multocida in a patient without a history of cat and dog bites.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 84-year-old male patient was urgently sent to the emergency department after he was found with unclear consciousness for 8 h, accompanied by limb tremors and urinary incontinence. In the subsequent examination, P. multocida was detected in the blood culture and wound secretion samples of the patient. However, it was not detected in the cerebrospinal fluid culture, but its DNA sequence was detected. Therefore, the patient was clearly diagnosed with septic shock and meningitis caused by P. multocida. The patient had no history of cat or dog contact or bite. The patient was subsequently treated with a combination of penicillin G, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone, and he was discharged after 35 days of hospitalisation.
CONCLUSION
This report presented a rare case of septic shock and meningitis caused by P. multocida, which was not related to a cat or dog bite. Clinical doctors should consider P. multocida as a possible cause of sepsis or meningitis and should be aware of its potential seriousness even in the absence of animal bites.
Topics: Male; Humans; Animals; Dogs; Cats; Aged, 80 and over; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurella Infections; Shock, Septic; Meningitis; Bites and Stings
PubMed: 38491456
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09207-1 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2024and are two of the most common bacterial genera in the human oral cavity, encompassing both commensals and pathogens of substantial ecological and medical...
UNLABELLED
and are two of the most common bacterial genera in the human oral cavity, encompassing both commensals and pathogens of substantial ecological and medical significance. In this study, we conducted a metapangenomic analysis of oral and species to uncover genomic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and habitat specialization within the human oral cavity. Using three metrics-pangenomic gene content, phylogenomics, and average nucleotide identity (ANI)-we first identified distinct species and sub-species groups among these genera. Mapping of metagenomic reads then revealed clear patterns of habitat specialization, such as species predominantly in dental plaque, a distinctive sub-species group on the tongue dorsum, and . sp. HMT-036 predominantly in keratinized gingiva and buccal mucosa. In addition, we found that supragingival plaque samples contained predominantly only one out of the three taxa, , , and . sp. HMT-458, suggesting independent niches or a competitive relationship. Functional analyses revealed the presence of key metabolic genes, such as oxaloacetate decarboxylase, correlated with habitat specialization, suggesting metabolic versatility as a driving force. Additionally, heme synthesis distinguishes . sp. HMT-036 from closely related , suggesting that the availability of micronutrients, particularly iron, was important in the evolutionary ecology of these species. Overall, our study exemplifies the power of metapangenomics to identify factors that may affect ecological interactions within microbial communities, including genomic diversity, habitat specialization, and metabolic versatility.
IMPORTANCE
Understanding the microbial ecology of the mouth is essential for comprehending human physiology. This study employs metapangenomics to reveal that various and species exhibit distinct ecological preferences within the oral cavity of healthy individuals, thereby supporting the site-specialist hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed that the gene pool of different species correlates with their ecological niches. These findings shed light on the significance of key metabolic functions in shaping microbial distribution patterns and interspecies interactions in the oral ecosystem.
Topics: Humans; Aggregatibacter; Phylogeny; Ecosystem; Haemophilus; Mouth
PubMed: 38488280
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04017-23