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Nutrients Jun 2024Influenza, a severe respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, has long been a prominent threat to human health. An increasing number of studies have...
Influenza, a severe respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, has long been a prominent threat to human health. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that oral administration with probiotics may increase the immune response to lung infection via the gut-lung axis leading to the alleviation of the pulmonary disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of MIANGUAN2 (MIANGUAN2) on influenza infection in a mouse model. Our results showed that oral administration of MIANGUAN2 significantly improved weight loss, lung index, and lung pathology, and decreased lung viral load of influenza-infected mice. Additionally, MIANGUAN2-treated mice showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-12p70 and higher production of IL-4 in the lung. In accordance with this, the transcriptome analysis of the lung indicated that MIANGUAN2-treated mice had reduced expression of inflammation markers, such as TNF, apoptosis, and the NF-Kappa B pathway. Furthermore, the administration of MIANGUAN2 restored the SCFAs profiles through regulating the gut microbiota. SCFA-producing bacteria, such as p_Firmicutes, f_Lachnospiraceae, and f_Ruminococcaceae, were enriched in the MIANGUAN2-treated group compared with PBS-treated group. Consistently, the concentrations of SCFAs in the MIANGUAN2 group were significantly higher than those in the PBS-treated group. In addition, the concentrations of SCFAs were positively correlated with SCFA-producing bacteria, such as , while being negatively correlated with the virial titers and proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, this animal study suggests that MIANGUAN2 may alleviate the influenza infection by altering the gut microbiota composition and increasing the levels of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Mice; Probiotics; Lung; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Cytokines; Male
PubMed: 38931277
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121923 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Mulberry has also been regarded as a valuable source of forage for ruminants. This study was developed to investigate the impact of four additives and combinations...
Mulberry has also been regarded as a valuable source of forage for ruminants. This study was developed to investigate the impact of four additives and combinations thereof on fermentation quality and bacterial communities associated with whole-plant mulberry silage. Control fresh material (FM) was left untreated, while other groups were treated with glucose (G, 20 g/kg FM), a mixture of and (L, 10 CFU/g FM), formic acid (A, 5 mL/kg FM), salts including sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (S, 1.5 g/kg FM), a combination of G and L (GL), a combination of G and A (GA), or a combination of G and S (GS), followed by ensiling for 90 days. Dry matter content in the A, S, GA, and GS groups was elevated relative to the other groups ( < 0.01). Relative to the C group, all additives and combinations thereof were associated with reductions in pH and NH-N content ( < 0.01). The A groups exhibited the lowest pH and NH-N content at 4.23 and 3.27 g/kg DM, respectively ( < 0.01), whereas the C groups demonstrated the highest values at 4.43 and 4.44 g/kg DM, respectively ( < 0.01). The highest levels of lactic acid were observed in the GA and A groups (70.99 and 69.14 g/kg DM, respectively; < 0.01), followed by the GL, L, and GS groups (66.88, 64.17 and 63.68 g/kg DM, respectively), with all of these values being higher than those for the C group (53.27 g/kg DM; < 0.01). were the predominant bacteria associated with each of these samples, but the overall composition of the bacterial community was significantly impacted by different additives. For example, levels were higher in the G, A, and GA groups ( < 0.01), while those of levels were raised in the L, GL, and GS groups ( < 0.01), levels were higher in the A and GA groups ( < 0.01), levels were higher in the G and S groups ( < 0.01), and levels were raised in the S group ( < 0.01). Relative to the C group, a reduction in the levels of undesirable was evident in all groups treated with additives ( < 0.01), with the greatest reductions being evident in the A, S, GA, and GS groups. The additives utilized in this study can thus improve the quality of whole-plant mulberry silage to varying extents through the modification of the associated bacterial community, with A and GA addition achieving the most efficient reductions in pH together with increases in lactic acid content and the suppression of undesirable bacterial growth.
PubMed: 38915298
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399907 -
Nutrients May 2024During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal inflammation and impairment in barrier function. Dietary fiber (DF) plays an active role in alleviating weaning...
During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal inflammation and impairment in barrier function. Dietary fiber (DF) plays an active role in alleviating weaning stress in piglets. However, the effects of different sources of dietary fiber on the performance of weaned piglets are inconsistent, and the mechanisms through which they affect intestinal health need to be explored. Therefore, in this study, sixty weaned piglets were randomly divided into three treatment groups: basal diet (control, CON), beet pulp (BP), and alfalfa meal (AM) according to the feed formulation for a 28-day trial. The results showed that both AM and BP groups significantly reduced diarrhea rate and serum inflammatory factors (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increased antioxidant markers (T-AOC and SOD), in addition to decreasing serum MDA and ROS concentrations in the AM group. At the same time, piglets in the AM group showed a significant reduction in serum intestinal permeability indices (LPS and DAO) and a substantial increase in serum immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and expression of intestinal barrier-associated genes (, , , and ), which resulted in an improved growth performance. Interestingly, the effect of DF on intestinal inflammation and barrier function can be attributed to its modulation of gut microbes. Fiber-degrading bacteria enriched in the AM group (, and ) inhibited the production of TLR4- through the promotion of SCFAs (especially butyrate). MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway activation reduces intestinal inflammation and repairs intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, it may provide some theoretical support and rationale for AM to alleviate weaning stress and improve early intestinal dysfunction, which may have implications for human infants.
Topics: Animals; Weaning; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Dietary Fiber; Swine; NF-kappa B; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Butyrates; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Animal Feed; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38892647
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111714 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2024This study evaluated the effects of GT001 on ()-challenged broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 708 broiler day-old chicks with comparable weight were distributed at...
This study evaluated the effects of GT001 on ()-challenged broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 708 broiler day-old chicks with comparable weight were distributed at random into four treatments with five replicates and ten chicks per replicate. The following were the treatment groups: (B) basal diet (control); (B + S) basal diet and birds were challenged with at 1.0 × 10 cfu/g; (B + P) basal diet + GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g; (B + P + S) basal diet + GT001 at 4.0 × 10 cfu/g and birds were challenged with at 1.0 × 10 cfu/g. There was a significant reduction ( < 0.05) in the body weight of the -infected birds compared to the other treatment groups. However, the FCRs of the broilers were comparable among the different treatment groups ( > 0.05). The lipid profile and liver function indices measured were significantly enhanced in the GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) compared to the group that was -challenged ( < 0.05) but were similar to those in the control group. The serum antioxidant activities, such as the T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GHS-Px and MDA, were significantly improved in the GT001-supplemented groups (B + P and B + P + S) ( < 0.05). The MDA was similar in the B + P and B + P + S groups, but both were significantly lower than the control and the groups. The administration of GT001 enhanced the lipase and amylase levels in both the serum and intestine of the broilers ( < 0.05). The immunoglobin (IgA, IgG, IgM) and cytokine (IL-10 and IL-6) levels in the serum were significantly higher in the B, B + P and B + P + S treatment groups ( < 0.05). The immune-related organs (bursa and spleen) were significantly influenced in the birds fed with GT001. No significant variation was noted among all the dietary treatments in terms of the measured meat quality indices. The small intestinal digesta content of the load was below a detectable range after 14 days of infection ( < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the different treatment groups in terms of the breast pH, drip loss and meat color ( > 0.05). The inclusion of GT001 also modified the community structure in the cecum. This indicates that it has health benefits and could be incorporated in the broiler diet.
PubMed: 38891723
DOI: 10.3390/ani14111676 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The fermentation process of Chinese Baijiu's fermented grains involves the intricate succession and metabolism of microbial communities, collectively shaping the...
Selective Elucidation of Living Microbial Communities in Fermented Grains of Chinese Baijiu: Development of a Technique Integrating Propidium Monoazide Probe Pretreatment and Amplicon Sequencing.
The fermentation process of Chinese Baijiu's fermented grains involves the intricate succession and metabolism of microbial communities, collectively shaping the Baijiu's quality. Understanding the composition and succession of these living microbial communities within fermented grains is crucial for comprehending fermentation and flavor formation mechanisms. However, conducting high-throughput analysis of living microbial communities within the complex microbial system of fermented grains poses significant challenges. Thus, this study addressed this challenge by devising a high-throughput analysis framework using light-flavor Baijiu as a model. This framework combined propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment technology with amplicon sequencing techniques. Optimal PMA treatment parameters, including a concentration of 50 μM and incubation in darkness for 5 min followed by an exposure incubation period of 5 min, were identified. Utilizing this protocol, viable microorganism biomass ranging from 8.71 × 10 to 1.47 × 10 copies/μL was successfully detected in fermented grain samples. Subsequent amplicon sequencing analysis revealed distinct microbial community structures between untreated and PMA-treated groups, with notable differences in relative abundance compositions, particularly in dominant species such as , , , , and , as identified by LEfSe analysis. The results of this study confirmed the efficacy of PMA-amplicon sequencing technology for analyzing living microbial communities in fermented grains and furnished a methodological framework for investigating living microbial communities in diverse traditional fermented foods. This technical framework holds considerable significance for advancing our understanding of the fermentation mechanisms intrinsic to traditional fermented foods.
PubMed: 38891011
DOI: 10.3390/foods13111782 -
Food Chemistry: X Jun 2024Different spatial positions lead to inconsistent fermentation effects and flavors, however, the spatial heterogeneity of () remains unknown. We investigated the...
Different spatial positions lead to inconsistent fermentation effects and flavors, however, the spatial heterogeneity of () remains unknown. We investigated the microbes, flavors, and physicochemical properties of different layers in fermented grains of using Illumina HiSeq sequencing, two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass (UHPLC-MS). A total of 79 volatiles, 1596 metabolites, 50 bacterial genera, and 52 fungal genera were identified. The contents distribution followed the order: upper layer > bottom layer > middle layer. Organic acids and derivatives were the main differential metabolites across the three layers. Starch, pH, and reducing sugar levels increased from the upper to bottom layer. Saccharomyces and were dominant microbes. the biomarker of upper layer, showed positive correlations with formic acid, ethyl lactate, acetic acid, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl oleate. These findings deepen our understanding of the fermentation and flavor formation mechanisms of
PubMed: 38883913
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101508 -
Translational Animal Science 2024The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the direct-fed microbial 10-G upon cattle growth performance, liver and lung health, carcass quality, and...
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the direct-fed microbial 10-G upon cattle growth performance, liver and lung health, carcass quality, and yield outcomes, as well as prevalence and enumeration of in feces and lymph nodes. Fed beef heifers ( = 1,400; initial shrunk body weight [] 343.3 ± 36.2 kg) were blocked by the day of arrival and randomly allocated to one of two treatments (0 [negative control, CON] or 2 g of a direct-fed microbial [10-G] that provided 1 billion CFUs per animal per day of , , , , and ) with 10 pens per treatment. Recto-anal mucosal fecal samples (; = 477) and subiliac lymph nodes (; = 479) were collected longitudinally at harvest from 23 to 25 heifers per pen. Data were analyzed using mixed models; pen served as the experimental unit; block and harvest date were random effects. No differences were detected in dry matter intake ( = 0.78), final BW ( = 0.64), average daily gain ( = 0.51), gain to feed ( = 0.71), hot carcass weight ( = 0.54), dressed carcass yield ( = 0.52), 12th rib fat depth ( = 0.13), longissimus muscle area ( = 0.62), calculated empty body fat ( = 0.26), or marbling score ( = 0.82). Distributions of liver scores ( ≥ 0.34), quality grades ( ≥ 0.23), and yield grades ( ≥ 0.11) were also not different between treatments. A tendency was detected for more normal lungs ( = 0.08; 10-G = 65.96%, CON = 61.12%) and fewer inflated lungs at harvest for cattle fed 10-G ( = 0.10; 10-G = 0.29%, CON = 1.16%); other lung outcomes did not differ ( ≥ 0.54). prevalence did not differ for RAM samples ( = 0.41; 10-G = 97.74%, CON = 96.82%) or SLN ( = 0.22; 10-G = 17.92%, CON = 13.66%). concentration of RAM samples ( = 0.25; 10-G = 3.87 log CFU/g, CON = 3.32 log CFU/g) or SLN ( = 0.37; 10-G = 1.46 log CFU/g, CON = 1.14 log CFU/g) also did not differ between treatments at harvest. These results do not demonstrate any difference in live animal performance, carcass characteristics, or carriage for heifers fed 10-G.
PubMed: 38863595
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae086 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2024The aim of the present study was to provide a first characterization of lacto-fermented garlic manufactured by local small-scale artisanal producers in the Lower Silesia...
The aim of the present study was to provide a first characterization of lacto-fermented garlic manufactured by local small-scale artisanal producers in the Lower Silesia Region (Poland). The lacto-fermented garlic samples showed high nutritional features in terms of antioxidant activity. A total of 86 compounds, belonging to various chemical classes, were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). Most of these compounds belonged to six main classes, being sulfur compounds, esters and acetates, oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and alcohols. Aldehydes, acids, ketones, furans, and phenols were also identified. In the analyzed samples, counts up to 8 log cfu g were observed for lactic acid bacteria. Metataxonomic analysis revealed the presence of Levilactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Secundilactobacillus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Lacticaseibacillus among the major taxa. These results were confirmed by the isolation and characterization of viable lactic acid bacteria. Indeed, the presence of the closest relatives to Lacticaseibacillus casei group, Pediococcus parvulus, Levilactobacillus brevis, Levilactobacillus parabrevis, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group was observed. A good acidification performance in salty garlic-based medium was observed for all the isolates that, between 8 and 15 days of fermentation, reached pH values comprised between 4 and 3.5, depending on the tested species. Of note, 15 out of the 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates (Levilactobacillus parabrevis, Pediococcus parvulus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group, and Lacticaseibacillus casei group) showed the presence of the hdcA gene of Gram-positive bacteria encoding for histidine decarboxylase. Furthermore, for 8 out of the 37 isolates the in-vitro exopolysaccharides production was observed. No isolate showed inhibitory activity against the three Listeria innocua strains used as surrogate for Listeria monocytogenes.
Topics: Volatile Organic Compounds; Garlic; Fermentation; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Food Microbiology; Solid Phase Microextraction; Antioxidants; Lactobacillales; Fermented Foods
PubMed: 38823870
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114484 -
Scientific Reports May 2024The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in...
The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (- 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (- 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (- 0.8% for all eggs, - 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (- 25.2%) and ileum (- 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance.
Topics: Animals; Probiotics; Pediococcus acidilactici; Chickens; Phosphorus; Calcium; Female; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed; Eggs; Oviposition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38821966
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62779-5 -
Heliyon May 2024A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing strain JC30 was isolated from traditional kimchi, which was identified as by 16S rDNA sequencing. . JC30 was highly tolerant to...
A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing strain JC30 was isolated from traditional kimchi, which was identified as by 16S rDNA sequencing. . JC30 was highly tolerant to acid, bile salt, and high temperatures. The survival rate of JC30 in MRS medium (pH 2.5) for 3 h was 60.96 %. Furthermore, the survival rate of JC30 in MRS medium with 3 mg/mL bile salt for 24 h was 86.62 %. The survival rate of JC30 in MRS medium at 56 °C and 58 °C for 10 min was 97.17 % and 78.20 %, respectively. When 2 % v/v JC30 (8.0 log10 CFU/mL) was added to prepare sourdough and the sourdough was then used to make bread, the bread had a higher specific volume (5.13 ± 0.12 mL/g) and GABA content (3.32 ± 0.04 mg/g DW) than the control.
PubMed: 38803853
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31236