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Health Science Reports Mar 2024Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have the potential to alter several biological systems concurrently with remolding the immune...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have the potential to alter several biological systems concurrently with remolding the immune system, most of which are related to immunization, while some others are known as adverse effects. This review aims to explore the potential effects of vaccination on the oral microenvironment and classifies them as good, bad, or ugly, with a brief review of facial diseases following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
METHODS
This study was a comprehensive review conducted through searching related articles in Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
RESULTS
On one side, the "Good" impacts of vaccination on the oro-nasal mucosa are explained as if the mucosal immune responses followed by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are enough to provide immunity. On the other side, the possible "Bad" and "Ugly" effects of the vaccine, which manifest as orofacial adverse events and autoimmune reactivations, respectively, should be noted. Exacerbation of pre-existing autoimmune conditions such as lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 vaccines could affect different biological systems alongside stimulating the immune system, and some of these effects are referred to as adverse effects. Nonetheless, these adverse effects are treatable, and healthcare professionals should not prevent patients from taking the first available vaccination.
PubMed: 38482134
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1967 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2024Pyoderma vegetans (PV) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis of unknown etiology. Currently, there are no treatment guidelines for PV. Systemic steroids are often used as...
Pyoderma vegetans (PV) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis of unknown etiology. Currently, there are no treatment guidelines for PV. Systemic steroids are often used as first-line therapy, but recurrence upon discontinuation or tapering is common. We tested the efficacy of doxycycline at a dose of 200 mg/d to treat resistant PV. After 4 weeks of treatment we noticed a significant improvement in the clinical appearance of PV. Our case demonstrates the potential utility of doxycycline as a systemic steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of PV.
Topics: Humans; Doxycycline; Pyoderma; Pemphigus; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Pyoderma Gangrenosum; Organic Chemicals
PubMed: 38479408
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2329248 -
Clinical Case Reports Mar 2024Rituximab which is established as a main treatment for pemphigus vulgaris can be a potential causative factor for development of psoriasis in some patients. It is...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
Rituximab which is established as a main treatment for pemphigus vulgaris can be a potential causative factor for development of psoriasis in some patients. It is preferred to avoid using rituximab in patients who had a history of psoriasis. Acquainting medical doctors about rituximab-related cutaneous complications will help them in detection and management.
ABSTRACT
Rituximab is a human/murine monoclonal antibody targeting the CD20 antigen on B-lymphocytes surface. Although it is used as promising treatment for pemphigus, nowadays it is also a new therapy for other autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and others like non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although there is increasing evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of rituximab in these diseases, many cutaneous adverse effects have been reported. Here, we describe a 48-years-old patient affected with pemphigus vulgaris who developed psoriatic lesions on her on scalp, trunk, and extremities, 4 months after the second course of rituximab.
PubMed: 38464573
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8541 -
Dermatology and Therapy Mar 2024Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the anogenital region, which can manifest in prepubertal or adolescent patients. The...
INTRODUCTION
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the anogenital region, which can manifest in prepubertal or adolescent patients. The prevailing theories point to autoimmune and genetic factors. The primary symptoms of VLS typically include vulvar itching, discomfort, dysuria, and constipation. Physical examination often reveals a characteristic figure 8 pattern, involving the labia minora, clitoral hood, and perianal region. However, these symptoms and the age of onset are nonspecific and require differentiation from autoimmune dermatoses such as bullous diseases, pemphigus diseases, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and dermatitis herpetiformis. We performed this study to distinguish VLS from autoimmune dermatoses, and in doing so, uncover the underlying causes of chronic vulvar changes. This knowledge will enable healthcare providers to offer appropriate medical care to affected patients.
METHODS
The study was conducted between July 2020 and February 2021, with a sample of 55 girls aged 2-18 years who did not have any systemic diseases. The study group was composed of 20 girls previously diagnosed with vulvar lichen sclerosus, while the control group included 35 girls without VLS. Questionnaires regarding the medical history of the children were completed by their legal guardians. Blood samples were collected and analyzed biochemically to assess human immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM antibodies against various substrates, including the desmosome of stratum spinosum, basement membrane zone, desmoglein 1 (DSG1), desmoglein 3 (DSG3), BP180-NC16A-4X, BP230gC, pemphigoid antigen, collagen type VII NC1, transitional epithelium, gliadin (GAF-3X), endomysium (EMA), and cellular nucleus (ANA).
RESULTS
The analysis of the study group revealed that the most commonly observed signs and symptoms included: itching, soreness, burning sensations, and excoriation, as well as erythema or/and pallor of the skin and perineal mucosa. Among the assessed antibodies, only anti-GAF3x antibodies and ANA antibodies were detected. However, the results did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.5).
PubMed: 38451422
DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01124-0 -
Cureus Feb 2024Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) mainly causes blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, with nail unit involvement being rare. Nail involvement may serve as an indicator of...
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) mainly causes blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, with nail unit involvement being rare. Nail involvement may serve as an indicator of disease severity. We present a case of a 20-year-old male with PV who had both cutaneous and nail findings, with nail changes corresponding with disease severity. The patient with biopsy-confirmed PV, on prednisone and mycophenolate, presented to the emergency department with an acute flare of PV and severe mandibular pain and lymphadenopathy. At follow-up in our outpatient department, the physical examination was significant for onychomadesis and onycholysis of the fingernails. Prednisone and mycophenolate dosages were increased, and rituximab infusions were initiated. Bullae and mucosal lesions resolved on the follow-up, and nail changes improved. This case appends an unusual perspective to the limited literature on PV-associated nail changes, especially in younger patients. It advocates for meticulous history taking and physical examination and supports a correlation between nail symptoms and PV disease severity.
PubMed: 38449993
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53609 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Mar 2024
Topics: Cats; Animals; Pemphigus; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 38434171
DOI: No ID Found -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Pemphigus; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Male; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38433081
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.02.122 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... Apr 2024Pemphigus is a group of bullous disorders of the skin characterized by the formation of autoantibodies present in the intercellular junction of the epidermis. Diagnosis... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Pemphigus is a group of bullous disorders of the skin characterized by the formation of autoantibodies present in the intercellular junction of the epidermis. Diagnosis is made by clinical, histopathological examination, and DIF. As DIF needs frozen sections, fluorescent tagged antibodies, UV light microscope for examination, and trained personnel, its non-availability makes a definitive diagnosis challenging.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the utility of IHC staining of complements and Ig in cases of Pemphigus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-six diagnosed cases of Pemphigus were stained by Peroxidase immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibody to IgG, IgA, IgM, IgG4, C3, C4 d with DAB as chromogen. Pemphigus cases include twenty of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), four cases of pemphigus foliaceous (PF), and two of pemphigus vegetans (Pveg). Positivity was defined as the deposition of Ig and complements as distinct, continuous brown staining of keratinocytes at intercellular junctions.
RESULT
On IHC total of 20 PV 17 showed positivity (85%) for IgG, 11 (55%) C4d, 19 (95%) C3d, and 16 (80%) IgG4 deposits at the intercellular junction of the epidermis. All cases of PF showed a deposit of IgG, with three (75%) cases for IgG4, C3d, and C4d. Both cases of Pveg showed positivity for IgG and C4d while one case was negative for IgG4 and C3d. The overall IgG, C3, IgG4, and C4d expression for pemphigus was seen in 88%, 88%, 76.9%, and 61.5% of cases. The relation between these markers, combination of IgG and C3, was best related to each other ( P value = 0.80). The sensitivities for IgG, IgG4, and C3 were 77.8%%, 73%, and 73% resp.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that IHC is a useful tool in the diagnosis of PV with the highest sensitivity of IgG and C3d. The combination of IgG and C3d could replace the DIF in almost all of our cases, so IHC on FFPE sections be used as an alternative method to DIF.
Topics: Humans; Pemphigus; Immunohistochemistry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Immunoglobulins; Staining and Labeling; Male; Female; Immunoglobulin G; Skin
PubMed: 38427745
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_113_23 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024The skin, covering our entire body as its largest organ, manifests enormous complexities and a profound interplay of systemic and local responses. In this heterogeneous... (Review)
Review
The skin, covering our entire body as its largest organ, manifests enormous complexities and a profound interplay of systemic and local responses. In this heterogeneous domain, B cells were considered strangers. Yet, recent studies have highlighted their existence in the skin and their distinct role in modulating cutaneous immunity across various immune contexts. Accumulating evidence is progressively shedding light on the significance of B cells in maintaining skin health and in skin disorders. Herein, we integrate current insights on the systemic and local contributions of B cells in three prevalent inflammatory skin conditions: Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and Atopic Dermatitis (AD), underscoring the previously underappreciated importance of B cells within skin immunity. Moreover, we address the potential adverse effects of current treatments used for skin diseases, emphasizing their unintentional consequences on B cells. These comprehensive approaches may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that effectively address the intricate nature of skin disorders.
Topics: Humans; Skin; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Pemphigus; Dermatitis, Atopic
PubMed: 38426103
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328785