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Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2022The current study was designed to evaluate the antifungal properties of Datura metel L. against Rizoctonia solani Kuhn. To achieve this objective, six concentrations of...
The current study was designed to evaluate the antifungal properties of Datura metel L. against Rizoctonia solani Kuhn. To achieve this objective, six concentrations of leaves & stem methanol extract of D. metel viz. 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% & 3.5% were tested against R. solani in vitro. Leaf extract of D. metel was found more effective as its 3.5% concentration caused 75% retardation in test fungal growth as compared to the stem extract. D. metel methanolic leaf extract was fractioned between n-butanol, n-hexane, chloroform & ethyl acetate & bioactivities of isolated fractions were tested against R. solani. The chloroform fraction was found highly effective, as its concentrations 0.1% & 0.01% caused 27% & 21% growth inhibition respectively. So, this particular chloroform fraction was further analyzed to identify various chemical constituents through GC-MS (Gas chromatography mass spectroscopic) analysis. Twelve phyto-constituents viz. eugenol, 2-pentadecanone 6,10,14 trimethyl, pentadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, 1 4-methyl- methyl ester, phytol, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, heptacosane, n-hexadecanoic, 6-octadecanoic acid, 9, 12 octadecanoic acid, dodecanoic & tetradecanoic acids were identified. So, the present study concluded that the presence of these bioactive constituents make D. metel as an effective antifungal agent against R. solani.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Datura metel; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Plant Extracts; Rhizoctonia
PubMed: 35293512
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220200851 -
Marine Drugs Jan 2022Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds.... (Review)
Review
Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are , , (Rhodophyta), , (Chlorophyta), and (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-carotene (), eucalyptol, oleic acid, dodecanal, pentadecane (), canthaxanthin, oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosane (), pseudoephedrine, palmitic acid, monocaprin (), dictyohydroperoxide, squalene, fucosterol, saringosterol (), and lutein, neophytadiene, cholest-4-en-3-one and -vaccenic acid (). Extensive studies on the seaweed isolates are highly recommended to understand their bioactivity and mechanisms of action, while highlighting their commercialization potential.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Borneo; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Seaweed
PubMed: 35200631
DOI: 10.3390/md20020101 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 2022Plasma phospholipid pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-C16:1n-7) are correlates of dairy fat intake. However,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Plasma phospholipid pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-C16:1n-7) are correlates of dairy fat intake. However, their relative concentrations may be influenced by other endogenous factors, such as liver fat content, and their validity as biomarkers of dairy fat intake has yet to be established.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether liver fat content modifies relations between concentrations of C15:0, C17:0, and trans-C16:1n-7 (alone and in combination with iso-C17:0) and known dairy fat intake in the context of a randomized controlled intervention study. We further examined the proportion of dairy fat intake explained by these fatty acids on their own and when considering liver fat content.
METHODS
We used data from a 12-wk intervention trial in which participants (n = 62) consumed diets limited in dairy (0.3 g/d of dairy fat), rich in low-fat dairy (8.7 g/d of dairy fat), or rich in full-fat dairy (28.5 g/d of dairy fat). We used linear regression models to examine relations between relative fatty acid concentrations and grams per day of dairy fat intake, liver fat percentage, and their interaction.
RESULTS
Only trans-C16:1n-7 in isolation (β: 0.0004 ± 0.0002, P = 0.03) and combined with iso-C17:0 (β: 0.002 ± 0.0005, P < 0.0001) were consistently positively associated with dairy fat intake regardless of liver fat content. Trans-C16:1n-7 combined with iso-C17:0 also explained the greatest proportion of variation (35.4%) in dairy fat intake. C15:0 and C17:0 were not associated with dairy fat intake after adjusting for liver fat and were predicted to be higher in relation to increased dairy fat intake only among individuals with elevated liver fat.
CONCLUSIONS
The potential for liver fat to affect relative plasma phospholipid concentrations of C15:0 and C17:0 raises questions about their validity as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Of the fatty acid measures tested, trans-C16:1n-7 combined with iso-C17:0, especially with adjustment of liver fat, age, and sex, may provide the most robust estimate of dairy fat consumption.
Topics: Biomarkers; Dairy Products; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Humans; Phospholipids
PubMed: 35134818
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac029 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Dec 2022In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current... (Review)
Review
In epidemiological studies, dairy food consumption has been associated with minimal effect or decreased risk of some cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, current methods of dietary assessment do not provide objective and accurate measures of food intakes. Thus, the identification of valid and reliable biomarkers of dairy product intake is an important challenge to best determine the relationship between dairy consumption and health status. This review investigated potential biomarkers of dairy fat consumption, such as odd-chain, trans- and branched-chain fatty acids (FA), which may improve the assessment of full-fat dairy product consumption. Overall, the current use of serum/plasma FA as biomarkers of dairy fat consumption is mostly based on observational evidence, with a lack of well-controlled, dose-response intervention studies to accurately assess the strength of the relationship. Circulating odd-chain SFA and trans-palmitoleic acid are increasingly studied in relation to CMD risk and seem to be consistently associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies. However, associations with CVD are less clear. Overall, adding less studied FA such as vaccenic and phytanic acids to the current available evidence may provide a more complete assessment of dairy fat intake and minimise potential confounding from endogenous synthesis. Finally, the current evidence base on the direct effect of dairy fatty acids on established biomarkers of CMD risk (e.g. fasting lipid profiles and markers of glycaemic control) mostly derives from cross-sectional, animal and studies and should be strengthened by well-controlled human intervention studies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Fatty Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Fats; Dairy Products; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 35086579
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522000289 -
Nutrients Dec 2021Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and retinal microaneurysms (MA) are one of the first detected abnormalities... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, and retinal microaneurysms (MA) are one of the first detected abnormalities associated with DR. We recently showed elevated serum triglyceride levels to be associated with the development of MA in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS). The purpose of this metabolomics study was to assess whether serum fatty acid (FA) composition, plasmalogens, and low-grade inflammation may enhance or decrease the risk of MA. Originally, the DPS included 522 individuals (mean 55 years old, range 40-64 years) with impaired glucose tolerance who were randomized into an intervention ( = 265) or control group ( = 257). The intervention lasted for a median of four years (active period), after which annual follow-up visits were conducted. At least five years after stopping the intervention phase of DPS, participants classified as MA negative ( = 115) or MA positive ( = 51) were included in the current study. All these participants were free of diabetes at baseline (WHO 1985) and had high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum FA composition, and selected lipid metabolites measured during the active study period. Among the markers associated with MA, the serum plasmalogen dm16:0 ( = 0.006), the saturated odd-chain FA 15.0 (pentadecanoic acid; = 0.015), and omega-3 very long-chain FAs ( < 0.05) were associated with a decreased occurrence of MA. These associations were independent of study group and other risk factors. The association of high serum triglycerides with the MA occurrence was attenuated when these MA-associated serum lipid markers were considered. Our findings suggest that, in addition to -3 FAs, odd-chain FA 15:0 and plasmalogen dm16:0 may contribute to a lower risk of MA in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. These putative novel lipid biomarkers have an association with MA independently of triglyceride levels.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fatty Acids; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmalogens
PubMed: 34960007
DOI: 10.3390/nu13124452 -
PloS One 2021Since long-chain fatty acids work as the primary energy source for the myocardium, radiolabeled long-chain fatty acids play an important role as imaging agents to...
Since long-chain fatty acids work as the primary energy source for the myocardium, radiolabeled long-chain fatty acids play an important role as imaging agents to diagnose metabolic heart dysfunction and heart diseases. With the aim of developing radiogallium-labeled fatty acids, herein four fatty acid-based tracers, [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-PDA, [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-MHDA, [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-PDA, and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-MHDA, which are [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA conjugated with pentadecanoic acid (PDA) and 3-methylhexadecanoic acid (MHDA), were synthesized, and their potential for myocardial metabolic imaging was evaluated. Those tracers were found to be chemically stable in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline. Initial [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-PDA, [67Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-MHDA, [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-PDA, and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-MHDA uptakes in the heart at 0.5 min postinjection were 5.01 ± 0.30%ID/g, 5.74 ± 1.02%ID/g, 5.67 ± 0.22%ID/g, and 5.29 ± 0.10%ID/g, respectively. These values were significantly lower than that of [123I]BMIPP (21.36 ± 2.73%ID/g). For their clinical application as myocardial metabolic imaging agents, further structural modifications are required to increase their uptake in the heart.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Edetic Acid; Fatty Acids; Gallium; Gallium Radioisotopes; Heart; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Humans; Japan; Male; Mice; Myocardium; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioisotopes; Tissue Distribution; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34910775
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261226 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Nov 2022The attachment theory has commonly been used to examine intimate partner psychological aggression (IPPA), but few studies have examined its association with...
The attachment theory has commonly been used to examine intimate partner psychological aggression (IPPA), but few studies have examined its association with self-reported justifications for one's own use of IPPA. Behaviors, including the use of IPPA, are influenced, maintained, and function within the context of their justifications, highlighting the importance of investigating these justifications to obtain a clearer picture of IPPA. This study examined whether insecure romantic attachment (i.e., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) in both partners of a couple was associated with their justifications for their own use of IPPA. A community sample of 81 mixed-sex couples who reported using IPPA in the last year completed self-reported questionnaires on adult romantic attachment and their justifications for their use of IPPA. Results of a path analysis based on the actor-partner interdependence model revealed moderate positive associations between attachment anxiety and one's use of internal and external justifications for their IPPA perpetration in men and women. An unexpected dyadic positive association is discussed. These results suggest that the use of justifications for one's use of IPPA may reflect a strategy of hyperactivation that could contribute to the cycle of psychological aggression. Uncovering the function of these justifications could provide important therapeutic benefits, which are discussed in the study's implications.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Anxiety; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Intimate Partner Violence; Iodobenzenes; Male; Sexual Partners
PubMed: 34791928
DOI: 10.1177/08862605211055156 -
BioMed Research International 2021Apelin is an adipokine with an intermediatory role in obesity and insulin resistance, which can be modified by dietary intake.
BACKGROUND
Apelin is an adipokine with an intermediatory role in obesity and insulin resistance, which can be modified by dietary intake.
AIMS
In this study, we aimed to determine the association of the plasma fatty acid composition with apelin plasma concentration and gene expression in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 179 patients aged 19-75 years who were candidates for elective surgery. Through the surgery, SAT and VAT were collected to measure apelin gene expression. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, and dietary intakes were collected before surgery. Free fatty acids (FFAs) in fasting whole plasma were measured using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Linear regression models were used to estimate standardized (STZ ) showing the association of individual and total FFAs with apelin gene expression after adjustment for potential confounding variables.
RESULTS
In multivariable analysis, we observed a significant positive association of total plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) (STZ = 0.241, = 0.006), saturated fatty acid (SFA) (STZ = 0.336, < 0.001), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (STZ = 0.313, < 0.001) concentrations with apelin gene expression from VAT after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), physical activity, and energy intake. In the SFA family, there was a direct association with plasma concentration of myristic acid (STZ = 0.372, < 0.001), pentadecanoic acid (STZ = 0.252, = 0.002), and heptadecanoic acid (STZ = 0.407, < 0.001) with apelin mRNA expression in VAT. There was no significant association between FFAs and apelin plasma concentration and SAT mRNA levels.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, circulating plasma FFAs, SFA, and MUFA had a positive association with apelin gene expression in VAT. It seems that plasma fatty acid composition may regulate apelin gene expression in VAT.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Apelin; Fatty Acids; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 34660801
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8846483 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2021The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA), including pentadecanoic acid (C15:0),...
Profiles of Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Correlations With Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Protein Synthesis, and Bacterial Populations Based on Pure Carbohydrate Incubation .
The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in profiles of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA), including pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (-C15:0), 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (-C15:0), 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (-C16:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (-C17:0), and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (-C17:0) during fermentation of pure carbohydrates mixtures in the buffer-rumen fluid. The second objective was to correlate the changes in the OBCFA profile to the corresponding changes in ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis, and bacterial populations. Five pure carbohydrates mixtures containing different cellulose: starch (C:S) ratios, i.e., 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0, were incubated for 6, 12, 18, and 24 h . The results showed that there was significant interaction ( < 0.05) between C:S and incubation time for changes in all OBCFA profiles, except iso-C17:0. The highest concentration of total OBCFA (3.94 mg/g dry matter; DM) was observed in the residues after 24 h of fermentation when the C:S was 0:100, while the lowest concentration of OBCFA (1.65 mg/g DM) was produced after 6 h of incubation when the C:S was 50:50. The correlation analysis revealed that the concentration of iso-C16:0 might be a potential marker for the estimation of total volatile fatty acids (ρ = 0.78) and MCP synthesis (ρ = 0.82) in the rumen. Compared to starch degrading bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria had stronger correlations with OBCFA concentrations, and the strongest correlation was found between the population of with C15:0 concentration (ρ = 0.70). Notably, this is the first paper reporting relationship between OBCFA with rumen fermentation products and microbial protein synthesis based on fermentation of pure carbohydrates mixtures , and thus avoid confounding interference from dietary protein and fat presence in the studies. However, more in-depth experiments are needed to substantiate the current findings.
PubMed: 34631768
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.733352 -
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2021Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by disintegration of the balance between the periodontal microbiome and host response. While growing evidence suggests...
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by disintegration of the balance between the periodontal microbiome and host response. While growing evidence suggests links between periodontitis and various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which often coexist in individuals with abdominal obesity, factors linking periodontal inflammation to common metabolic alterations remain to be fully elucidated. More detailed characterization of metabolomic profiles associated with multiple oral and cardiometabolic traits may provide better understanding of the complexity of oral-systemic crosstalk and its underlying mechanism. We performed comprehensive profiling of plasma and salivary metabolomes using untargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate multivariate covariation with clinical markers of oral and systemic health in 31 T2D patients with metabolic comorbidities and 30 control subjects. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) results enabled more accurate characterization of associations among 11 oral and 25 systemic clinical outcomes, and 143 salivary and 78 plasma metabolites. In particular, metabolites that reflect cardiometabolic changes were identified in both plasma and saliva, with plasma and salivary ratios of (mannose + allose):1,5-anhydroglucitol achieving areas under the curve of 0.99 and 0.92, respectively, for T2D diagnosis. Additionally, OPLS analysis of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) as the numerical response variable revealed shared and unique responses of metabolomic and clinical markers to PISA between healthy and T2D groups. When combined with linear regression models, we found a significant correlation between PISA and multiple metabolites in both groups, including threonate, cadaverine and hydrocinnamate in saliva, as well as lactate and pentadecanoic acid in plasma, of which plasma lactate showed a predominant trend in the healthy group. Unique metabolites associated with PISA in the T2D group included plasma phosphate and salivary malate, while those in the healthy group included plasma gluconate and salivary adenosine. Remarkably, higher PISA was correlated with altered hepatic lipid metabolism in both groups, including higher levels of triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, leading to increased risk of cardiometabolic disease based on a score summarizing levels of CVD-related biomarkers. These findings revealed the potential utility of saliva for evaluating the risk of metabolic disorders without need for a blood test, and provide evidence that disrupted liver lipid metabolism may underlie the link between periodontitis and cardiometabolic disease.
PubMed: 34589520
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.742002